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T/^ry^^>^ 



4 u 



THE 



HISTORY ANt) ANTIQUITIES 



OF 



GLAMORGANSHIRE 



AND «ITS 



FAMILIES. 



98h|^ mrmtm Illustrations on ^oob from ^j^otograyj^s, of ((astles, 
%hhqfif ^wmnnSf Sitvhf %mxA$, %m5f iic* 



By THOMAS NICHOLAS, M.A., Ph.D., F.G.S., 

AUTHOR OF 

" Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales^ 



"'morgan I A TRLLUS, 

\MCENA LOCCl 

Penlarchia. 



PULCHRA SITU, FRUGUMQUE FEKAX, ET AMCENA LOCORUM." 



LONDON : 

LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., PATERNOSTER ROW. 

1874. 

[all rights reserved.] 



1 1- 

•I 




NoTK.— This magnificent Scnl, seen nlM) on the cover, has been obtained from the Seal Depaitment of the 
British Museum, and is now for the first lime published. It bears the insignia of Richard dc Ctare, fouRh Earl 
of (jlunoi^n and Gloucester (see p. 94), one of the great Itorons appointed to enforce the observance of Ma£n« 
Charta, and is attached to a deed cxeculcil by him in the year 1319. At this early date heraldic tinctures had 
not come into use. A small portion of the legend surrounding Ihc shield had disappeared, and has been 
restored uniformly with the part which had continued uninjured, and which ran thus ; " + sicillum kicakDI 

l>E:CLA IS i GLO " The lions, addor^dlotlie shield, are remarkable. They are, pcrhapi, intended 

to commemorate tlie lion of Fiuhamon, but whether rampant or passant it is difKcult lo detetmine. Though 
aildorsed, they are perhaps the originals of " supportets " in aims. It seems evident that the three cherroni of 
\>e Clare are the originals of the arms of Glamorgan and Cardiff, in later times blaioned variously — Cu., 
Ihret chmvHs org.; Cu., Ikret ihcvrens er: and Or, Ikrtt cha-reHS gu. We give here the eoloara first named, 
and on the cover an eiact fac-simile of the origiiMl Shield. 



Note,— The Arms of Neath Abbey (13th ci 



-e placed on (he back ofcc 



&^ ,,1 



PREFACE. 



-•o^ 



It has long been a matter of surprise that so important a county as that of 
Glamorgan has never had its History written. Several of the shires of Wales, less 
important than this, have long since been described and illustrated by appropriate 
memoirs. The History of Brecknockshire, by Theophilus Jones ; of Monmouth- 
shire, by Cox, and by Williams ; of Anglesey, by Rowlands, and by Angharad 
T^lwyd ; and of Cardiganshire by Meyrick, — all supply valuable details. Fenton's 
Tour through Pembrokeshire, and Mr. Williams' brief History of Denbighshire, 
complete our treasury of county histories. Montgomeryshire, through the labours 
of the PowyS'land Ciuby bids fair to have its annals searched out and illustrated 
with greater completeness than has fallen to the lot of any other Welsh or 
English county. 

Carmarthenshire, Carnarvonshire, Flintshire, Merioneth, and Glamorgan — all 
counties rich in event, all prominent in their activity during the most stirring 
periods — have their annals still unwritten. 

The present work, planned on a scale which as far as possible avoids 
voluminousness and expense, is intended to be a condensed sketch of the ancient 
and middle-age story of Glamorganshire and its Families, with a supplementary 
part on the genealogy of its leading modern Families. In substance it is also 
incorporated in the Author's larger work, entitled "Annals and Antiquities of 
the Counties and Families of Wales," in which Glamorgan has received a treatment 
exceptionally extensive, corresponding with its relative importance. Especial 
attention has been given to the conquest by the Normans, and to the Old and 
Extinct Families both of Norman and British extraction. The link of connection 
between the domestic and official annals of past and modern times is supplied 
by the elaborate Rolls of High Sheriffs and Members of Parliament, from the age 
of Henry VIII. downwards. In all these respects it supplies information 
never before made accessible to the general public. In the ancient British period, 
care has been taken not to mar and encumber the history by the introduction of 
legendary matter. Among the illustrations, through the courtesy of the present 
Duke of Beaufort, several interesting engravings have been introduced from the 
account, recently privately printed, of the Progress of the first Duke of Beaufort^ 
Lord President of Wales, in 1684. See pp. 59 — 61, 117. 



Mfc— «i»«— •^ 



iv PREFACE. 

It certainly does appear strange that the history of a district so remarkable 
as that of Glamorgan, which has undergone repeated conquests, formed an im- 
portant kingdom, seen developed on its soil all the features of feudalism, and 
in modern times all the miracles of mechanical invention, mining enterprise, and 
commercial progress, has not enlisted in its service the highest talent and most 
diligent research. It presents periods of unusual interest, and types of social and 
political life almost wholly peculiar. During several centuries we see here in 
miniature a picture, distinct in all its lines and shadings, of what England was 
for many ages under the oppressive rule of the foreigner, and of what Normandy 
and all Western France was for a still longer period. To the ethnologist this 
county supplies an instructive instance of the disappearance, by sheer inanition, 
of a once powerful and conquering alien race, and of the emergence from the gulf 
of oppression of the race it had seemed to have crushed and obliterated ; for the 
Normans, who in the eleventh century overwhelmed this district, partitioned its 
lands amongst themselves, built their powerful fortresses, and for a while appeared 
as if destined to endure here for ever, have long since vanished from the scene, 
leaving scarcely a vestige behind them except the ruins of their castles, and here 
and there their names preserved in names of places. But, through all change, 
Glamorgan itself retains the name, the speech, and substantially the race which 
belonged to it long before the Norman trod upon its soil, or indeed had won for 
himself a name and nationality across the Channel. 

The rapidity with which the iron, coal, and copper industries, and consequently 
the population of this county have grown, is without a parallel. At page 87 will 
be found an account of the origin of copper-smelting at Neath and Swansea, 
at the latter of which places, it eventually made its home. The enormous pro- 
portions which the manufacture has attained, as "well as its recent gradual decrease, 
will be seen from the following reliable particulars, obligingly supplied us from 
the Mining Record Office, Jermyn Street : — 

The purchases of the various Copper Companies at Swansea, in each of the years named, have been 
thus: — 

1862. 1867. 1872. 

Copper Ore Tons 40,294 3i»S32 24,688 

Copper „ 5,969 5,132 4,230 

Value ;CS 14433 ;f 370,555 ll^ia^ 

In coal and iron mining, the results have been still more extraordinary. In 
1823 the total of pig iron produced in all South Wales was 180,827 tons. At 
page 15 is a reference to the commencement of the great iron-works of Merthyr 
Tydfil, about 1755, by Mr. Bacon, who is said to have obtained a lease of ninety- 
nine years, at a rental of ^"200 per annum, of a tract of ore-producing country eight 
miles in length by five miles in breadth. Since that time the production in this 
county alone, according to the authority already cited, has grown to the 
following enormous proportions : — 



PREFACE. 



Pig Iron produced in Glamorganshire. 



1862. 1867. 1872. 

Pig Iron Tons 441,869 403,050 465,603 

Value ;£'i,i04,672 ;Ci,oo7,625 — 

The Government returns at Jermyn Street do not distinguish the coal produce 

of Glamorganshire as separate from that of Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire. 

The total of coal extracted, in the years given, from the three counties — and it 

may be estimated that three-fourths belonged to Glamorganshire, — was as 

follows : — 

1862. 1867. 1872. 

Coal extracted Tons 6,749,455 9,092,500 10,131,725 

This County, in common with other mining and manufacturing districts, has 
severely suffered from the evil of "strikes." The great strike of 1872-3 verified 
to the letter a sentence which appeared in the T'/w^x, January 15, 1873: "There 
never was a strike which bid fair to occasion more misery to the men, and more 
grievous loss to all other interests." At the end of the contest it was declared 
that the total lo.ss to the iron and coal trade amounted to ^"2,000,000 sterling, and 
that of this sum the loss in workmen's wages was ;t*8oo,ooo. As many as 65,000 
persons, earning good wages, were thrown out of employment, who, instead of 
the wages they lost, received from the " Union " the pittance of some ;640,000, 
and about ^"5,000 subscribed by charity. The working men of the district, there- 
fore, could measure the result of the struggle at a deficit of ^'755,000 in money ; 
but the poverty, the home desolation, the disease, death, and moral injury which 
accompanied this pecuniary damage cannot be calculated. At this stupeiylous 
cost a new demonstration was given that strikes are ineffectual as regulators of 
the price of labour, but most potent in bringing havoc and misery to the indus- 
trial classes. Demand will always regulate the price both of labour and its 
products, and any artificial value imposed on either can only be temporary, and, 
in the end, self-defeating. At the present time, great fears are entertained that 
another, and perhaps more disastrous conflict, will take place between employers 
and employed, and that the unfortunate rivalry will only finally cease with the 
utter prostration of the weaker, and immeasurable material and moral loss to the 
community at large. 

The Author has to acknowledge the valuable assistance he has received at 
the British Museum and Record Office, and from MSS. and Books, not other- 
wise accessible, lent him by Col. G. Grant Francis, F.S.A., and other Gentlemen. 

London y May i, 1874. 




A 



CONTENTS. 



SECTION I— GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF GLAMORGANSHIRE 
SECTION IL— GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY OF GLAMORGANSHIRE 
SECTION IIL— HISTORY OF GLAMORGANSHIRE 

1. Roman Period 

2. Saxon Period 

3. NoMAN Period 

SECTION IV.— ANTIQUITIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE 

SECTION v.— INDUSTRY AND CONDITION OF SOCIETY IN GLAMOR 

vXxV 1^ O XX X Xx Cj ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• •«, 



• • ■ a • 



PAGE 
I 

21 

24 

24 
26 

30 

48 

86 



SECTION VI.— OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE ... 92 

1. Families OF Norman Descent 93 

2. Families OF British Descent 117 



SECTION VIL— THE MANORS OF GLAMORGAN IN THE SEVENTEENTH 

V> Xltf X^ X v/ X^ X ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• «3ft) 

SECTION VIII.— SHERIFFS AND UNDERSHERIFFS OF GLAMORGAN, A.D. 

* J "J A ""* M O 1 £ .•• ... •.• .*• ••< •.• ... »•• .•* >•• ... »j^/ 

SECTION IX.— PARLIAMENTARY ANNALS OF GL\MORGAN FROM 

*••• A-'. AS^* .•• ... ... *•■ ... •.• ... ... ... ... ... l^V/ 

SECTION X.— THE LORDS LIEUTENANT OF GLAMORGAN, A.D. 1660— 



1872 



*** ••• ••• ••• ••■ ••• 



... 154 



SECTION XL— BISHOPS OF LLANDAFF FROM THE CONQUEST TO 1872 154 

SECTION XIL— THE MAGISTRACY OF THE COUNTY AND BOROUGHS 

OF GLAMORGAN, 1872 156 

SECTION XIII.— PORTREEVES AND MAYORS OF SWANSEA, A.D. 1600— 

^" f £ .•• >•• .•• »•• .a. .«• .*■ .•« ... »•• ••• ■.. A^O 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN 
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 



• « • ■ ■ 



» • • • • 



• • • • • • 



... 161 



191 



^ ^ ' ^-^ l-iXV -.. ••» •». •»• 'ff ••» 'f* »»» •»• .»• »»» .». »». ... ... ... ... M-yj i 



HISTORY, &c., OF GLAMORGAN. 



The County of Glamorgan, at all periods in the known history of Wales a district of 
commanding and peculiar interest, has within the last generation or two attained an 
importance greatly transcending that of any other County of the Principality. The increase 
of its trade, mining industrj', wealth and population in the period named, is probably without 
a parallel in the United Kingdom. 

- The English name " Glamorgan " is a corruption of the Welsh Gwlad-Morgan — the country 
or territory of Morgan, a ruler of this region in the ninth century. Before the time of 
Morgan, who is usually surnamed in Cymric history Morgan Mwynfawr^ or the courteous, 
the extensive tract over which he ruled, stretching much beyond the boundaries of the 
present county, was known under the name Esyllwg — " the country of Essyllt," and the 
people were called Essyllwyr^ from which were coined the Latin " Silures *' and " Siluria." This 
tract included Monmouthshire, and parts of Brecknockshire and Carmarthenshire, as well as 
the Forest of Dean, in Gloucestershire, extending along the shore " from the Severn to the 
Towy." In the succeeding section, on the history of Glamorganshire, its extent and 
changing limits, and relation to surrounding princedoms, will be more particularly noticed. 

Section L— GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

This county, bounded on the south and west by the Bristol Channel, on the east by 
Monmouthshire, and on the north by Brecknockshire and Carmarthenshire, has an extreme* 
length from east to west of 53 miles, and an extreme breadth from the shore to the interior 
of 27 miles. Its superficial measurement is estimated at about 792 square miles. It is the 
third in size of the counties of Wales, being exceeded by Carmarthenshire and Montgomery- 
shire ; but taking into account its subterranean and surface productions, it far exceeds in 
actual value any other county in Wales, and perhaps any other region of equal size in Great 
Britain. The population of this county under the last five censuses has shown a ratio of 
increase far surpassing that of any other county in the United Kingdom, and offers to the 
moralist, the political economist, and politician, a problem of the greatest interest. 

Total population of Glamorganshire in 1 80 1 ... ... 7i>523. 

Do. 1 83 1 ... ... 126,200. 

Do. 1841 ... ,.. 171,183. 

Do. 1851 ... ... 231,849. 

Do. 1861 ... ... 3^7>752. 

Do. 187 1 ... ... 396,010. 




2 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

showing that in the course of the present century the inhabitants have increased considerably 
more ihzxi fivefold— z, rate far in advance of any other in England or Wales ; for with all the 
marvels of the growth of London, the population of Middlesex, since 1801, has only trebled 
itself, and that of Lancashire has only advanced slightly more than fourfold. The most 
rapid progress in Glamorganshire has been made during the last decade, when an addition 
of nearly 80,000 souls, or a fifth of the whole, took place. This enormous amassing of 
people, brought by the unequalled development of the coal and iron industries from all parts 
of the United Kingdom, and even from other lands, and occurring in a country inhabited 
by a quiet and comparatively unenterprising race, gives rise to curious and interesting social 
questions deserving and loudly calling for discriminative and philosophic attention ; and we 
shall have the advantage in future pages of presenting observations on the subject from the 
pen of one of the most careful and intelligent observers — himself a resident in the county. 

The great surface outlines of Glamorganshire are marked by the mountainous elevations 
of the interior and northern parts, locally denominated " the hills," where the great iron and 
coal works are mainly located; by the undulating and comparatively level southern and south- 
eastern side, termed with a latitude of meaning " the Vale of Glamorgan 3" and by the valleys 
of the TafF on the east, of the Neath or Nedd to the north-west, cutting the county into two 
unequal parts; and the smaller valleys of the Tawe running parallel to the NMd; the 
Rhymni running a course of thirty miles, and forming the eastern boundary between the 
county and Monmouthshire ; the Elwy, entering the sea along with the TafT near Cardiff ; 
the Ogmore, which joins the sea below Bridgend ; the Avon, ending at Aberavon ; the 
Loughor, which ends in the Barry estuary ; the Cynon and the two Rhonddas, tributaries of 
the Taff ; the Dulas, a tributary of the N^dd; the Garw, Llynfi, and Ewenny, tributaries of 
the Ogmore. None of the streams are more than twenty to five-and-twenty miles long, and 
several are not twelve. The watersheds from which they start stand for the most part 
beyond the limits of Glamorganshire. The Tawe, N6dd, Dulas, Cynon, Taff, and Rhymni, 
all rise in the high lands of Breconshire ; but the Ogmore, Avon, Daw (ending at Aberddaw), 
Elwy, and the two Rhonddas have their origin within the county, with an average course of 
about a dozen miles. 

The coast-line of Glamorganshire, not less than eighty miles in length, through two- 
thkds of that distance presents to the waves a rampart of limestone cliffs, in many parts 
rising almost perpendicularly from the beach to terrific heights, with broken and cavernous 
expression, which strikes the beholder with awe. From Penarth Point, near Cardiff, to Nash 
Point, and again from the Mumbles to the Worm's Head, a coast is witnessed which in 
stormy weather can scarcely be surpassed for the magnificence of its aspect. Woe to the 
craft that is driven on this shore ! It has but few places of effectual shelter, and was in the 
olden time famous for its tales of shipwreck and the atrocious doings of its wreckers. The 
two small islands of Barry and Sully lie close to the south-eastern shore, and the Flat 
Holmes lie out a few miles in mid-channel from Lavemock Point, where the Bristol 
Channel, separating this county from Somerset, is only some dozen miles in breadth. 

Glamorganshire, looked at superficially, has three points of surpassing interest Cardiff 
and the valley of the Taff are in modem commercial activity as remarkable as they were in 
earlier times for political, ecclesiastical, and warlike doings. The eye in the second place 
luuurally turns to those centres of population, wealth, and combined maritime and inland 



PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION- CARDIFF. 3 

activity fringing the Bay of Sviransea. But " the hills '' are the part of Glamorganshire 
which exercises the strongest fascination over the mind. Only a few years ago, the most 
silent and deserted, most destitute of attraction, most forbidding in aspect, and unknown to 
the common world of any part of the Principality, they have almost suddenly become the 
cynosure of all lands, the focus of teeming multitudes, the very workshop of Vulcan and all 
his kin ; where the nature of man is almost changed into that of a dweller underground and 
fire-eater, and the bowels of the earth are torn out to be made into rails and fuel for half 
the civilized world. All the creation of classic poets respecting Acheron and Cocytus, the 
forges of Vulcan, and the deep abodes of Pluto are here infinitely surpassed in sternest 
reality, and a picture is laid before us of desolation and chaos, scientific and mechanical 
achievement, squalor, filth, moral degradation, all-devouring rage for gain, and withal heroic 
Christian contest with evil, such as the light of the sun has seldom made visible. 

Cardiff, in its day of comparative obscurity, may be said to have been in a sense the 
cradle of Glamorgan. Here in its ancient castle, as we shall have occasion in our historical 
sketch further to notice, centred the chief life, social, political, and military, of these parts. 
And here still, under exceedingly different aspects, is located much of the modem life of 
the county. It is no part of our design to trace the history of the rise of Cardiff as a 
town or port, or to describe its magnificent docks and shipping, and the influence of the 
great house of Bute on the fortunes of the place ; but it is necessary in casting a glance 
over the influences and conditions which mould the county, and the place held by its great 
faiUilies as an integral part of those influences, to mark here in passing the beneficent power 
hitherto exerted by the family of Bute upon this town and port (see Bute of CardiJ Castle), 
Through the liberality and large-mindedness of the late Marquess, this port has been supplied 
with docks, which for capacity, convenience, and engineering skill are unsurpassed. Fabulous 
sums have been expended upon their construction, and, judging from the returns, not a 
farthing has been wasted. The ships of all nations coming for coal and iron have been 
attracted by tlie accommodation here offered, and the steel of the Taiff Vale Railway is 
bright fiom the constant passage of trains bringing down the treasures of " the hills *' to 
meet their demands. The merchants of Cardiff are now numerous and wealthy. The 
population of the town in 1801 was only 1,870 ; in 1871 it was 39,675, while the " district 
of boroughs" around contained a population of 60,223, of which the enormous proportion 
of 24,682 was a clear increase since 1861 {Cmsiis^ 1871). 

Cardiff is not a town which can be easily conceived of as the centre of a district 
abounding in families of good birth ; nor have the commercial activity and enterprise of the 
place, with all the successful energy they display, had time as yet to result in the founding of 
many great estates. The country around, however, if we take a circuit of a few miles, contains 
a large proportion of ancient houses and venerable manors, whose proprietors are the direct 
descendants of the early twbiles and honesti of Morganivg, and whose fortunes have been 
improved by the noble strides of commerce only as their acres, under its stimulating influence, 
have grown in value. The rich lands of " the Vale of Glamorgan " {(fyffryn Morgamv^ — 
a phrase broadly applied to the lowlands of this county, even where no " vale," of com- 
manding extent to give origin to the appellation, has existence — favoured extensive settle- 
ments, and yielded wealth long ages before the subterranean treasures of the hill country 
and the new energies of railways had been developed. 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Cardiff Caslk, to which we shall recur in our section on the antiquities of this county, 
was the nucleus around which the ancient little town of Caer-dyf gathered as a cluster of 
dependent feudal tenements. The modem castle, of which we give an engraving, built 
contiguously to the ancient baronial stronghold, is situated close to, or more properly 
speaking, in the midst of the now rapidly growing town. 

This part of Cardiff Castte was built by the late Marquess of Bute, on part of the site 
of the early fortress, but in a style much more modem and suited to modem modes of life. 
It contJuns spacious and richly decorated suites of apartments sumptuously furnished, and the 
walls are hung with a great variety of costly paintings by old and more modem masters of 
different countries. Since the accession of the present Marquess, great additions, not yet com- 
pleted, have been made to the castle, but these are on too extensive a scale to be included in 
our illustration. The new works are an evidence that the proprietor is partial to this historic 
spot, and means well for the town of Cardiff. A young nobleman, whose tastes lead him to 
the study of art, commerce, and social questions, rather than to the dissipations of the 




(.from a fhoto. by Bedford). 
metropolis and the ventures of the turf, will find from his castte of Cardiff no lack of 
openings for the exercise of beneficence and the elevation of his kind, and will doubtless 
feel more at home surrounded by a teeming population deriving subsistence largely from the 
industries of his prosperous estates than in the comparative loneliness of his northern seats. 
The ancient castle of Cardiff is now chiefly represented by the remains of Its keep. This 
is a spacious octagonal tower of some seventy-five feet in diameter, standing on a mound of 
considerable elevation, and affording to the spectator who mounts its summit a most ex- 
tensive view of town, port, and channel, vale, woodland, and distant hills. It was in the 
entrance tower to this place (see p. 83) ihat Robert of Normandy, a son of the Conqueror, 
was confined for twenty-eight years by his brother, Henry I., until death gave him release — 
his chief crime being the fact that as elder brother he had a ptior claim to Henry lo die 
throne of England. 



PHVSICAI, UESCKIPTION— CARDIFF AND NETGIIBOURIIOOD. 5 

Perhaps no part of VVales or of England abounds more in spots of distinction and good 
families than does the district between the river Rhamney below Caerphilly, and Aberavon. 
Near the Rhumney are the ancient mansion and demesne of Cefii MabUy (see Kemys-Tynte 
cf Cefn-MabUy), for situation and historic interest a place standing foremost in these parts ; 
nearer Cardiff is Llanrlmmney Hall; near Castell Coch, in the fertile Vale of Taff, is Gran 
4'''*i'iWf' (see Len'is of Green Meadcm'); Vciiniirii,x'i\eseaX of T. W. Booker, Esq.; and nigh at 
hand the more recent mansion T/ie Heath {late Wyndham Lewis, Esq.). Near Penarth, 
now growing into a town, is Cogan, the ancient seat of the Herberts de Cogan, ancestors 
of the present Marquess of Bute, and still belonging to his lonlship s estate now occupied by 
E, Stewart Corbett, Esq.; in the venerable neighbourhood of Dtiias Po7iisiS Ciirtyrala, the 




{Jrooi a phulo i} Bedford) 



beautifu seat of Col. G. G. Rous ; and within a mile or two of each other, and of the place 
last mentioned, are IVeitroe Caslk, until lately the seat of R. F. L. Jenner, E^q. ; Dyffryn 
('iee Briiee Pryce oi Dyffryn) ; Coedriglan, the residence in former times of the'Trahemes, 
but now of G. W. Thomas, Esq, ; Cottreli, the residence of Col, Tyler, son of Admiral 
Sir Charles Tyler (see lyUr of Cottreli) ; and Bonvilston House (Richard Basset, Esq ), which, 
r/iih the'villagc of which it forms a part, bears a name that carries us back to the settlement 
ofthe Norman adventurers in Glamorgan. The little stream of Cenfon, rising near Bonvilston, 
leading us down towards its junction with the Daw, near Aberddaw, brings us by Llancan'an, 
celebrated as the birthplace of Caradoc, writer of the Brut y Tywysogiou, which goes by 
his name, and soon afterwards into view of the great castle of Fonmon—z. structure only 
second in extent and interest in this county to St. Donat's Castle, not fir distant, but much 
modernized in appearance by repairs and alterations (stc/oiies of Fonmoii Castle). 

Near the shore is situated Porthkerry, the residence of Mr. Romitly ; and four miles 
directly north, Llantrithyd Park and village, where there is an ancient but dilapidated seat, 
once belonging to Sir Thomas Digby Aubry, Bart., and said to have been first built in the 



6 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

time of Henry VI. : the churchyard was long famous for a magnificent yew tree, said to 
measure nearly twenty feet in girth, which was some years ago injured by a hurricane (see 
lyler of Uantrithyd). 

Further north, in the direction of the ancient town of Llantrisant, perched on a hill, we 
descry the turrets of another of the great mansions of the Vale of Glamorgan, Hensol Castle, 
recently the residence of Rowland Fothcrgill, Esq., lately deceased, and now of his sister 
Miss Fothergill. 




phetagrapit) 



This noble building is not to be ranked among the ancient castles of Olamorganshire, but 
is of comparatively recent date. It was built by Lord Chancellor Talbot, elevated to that 
office and created Baron Hensol, 1733, descended from the Talbots, Earls of Shrewsbury, and 
son of William Talbot, Lord Bishop of Durham. Before the Talbots the old family of 
Jenkins had been proprietors of Hensol (see Jetikins of Hensol, in " Old and Extinct 
Families"), one of whom was David Jenkins, Esq., described in old documents as " Coun- 
sellor at I-aw, and one of the judges of the Western Circuit of Wales in the reign of King 
Charles I.," who had as wife Cecil, daughter of Sir Thomas Aubrey, Kt., of Llantrithyd, Lord 
Talbot married a granddaughter of the last David Jenkins of Hensol, and so inherited the 
estate. The mansion was improved by the second Lord Talbot, son of the chancellor, who 
added two wings and towers about 1735, and it is believed that from him the estate was 
eventually purchased by Dr. Benjamin Hall, Chancellor of Llandaff, ancestor of the late Sir 
Benjamin Hall, created Lord Llanover (see Llamver, Baron, of Uamver), whose family was 
succeeded at Hensol by the Crawshays, who were themselves followed by the present 
possessors. The view of the mansion here given is from a photograph, but the artist has 
changed it into a moonlight scene. 

Near Hensol Castle is Miskin Manor (see Williams of Miskin), a recently erected 
mansion, but standing on an estate of mucli antiquity. Early in the thirieenlh century. 



PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 7 

Frees, of Miskin (according to a MS. edited by the late Sir Thomas Phillipps, of Middlehill), 
fifth in descent from Einion ap Collwyn, " Lord of Miskin," who married Nest, daughter of 
Jest)m ap Gwigant, Lord of Glamorgan, temp. William the Conqueror, was owner of this 
manor. Near Llantrisant is Lianelay^ the residence of Major Vaughan H. Lee ; Uanharan 
House (late J. B. Jenkins, Esq.) ; on the high road to Bridgend is Tregroes^ the property of 
J. B. D. Thomas, Esq. ; and towards Cowbridge, Ash Hall (late Captain Owen). 

The fair and fertile country around Cowbridge abounds in noted and ancient residences. 
The name of Beaupre {beauy fair, /rr, meadow) carries us back at once to Norman name- 
givers; and the remains of the old castle of Beaupre, to which, and the legends concerning 
it, reference must further be made in our antiquarian section, still remain, grey and solitary, 
to testify of the age of this estate ; but the present family residence of the Bassets, though 
still situated in a " fair meadow," is on a different spot (see Basset of Beaupre). St. Hilary ^ 
with a church restored with some taste, and, it is said, with certain pre-Reformation pro- 
clivities, is a village of mansions as much as of cottages and farmsteads. Here is the 
residence of Mrs. Traheme, formerly of Coedriglan, and also that of George Montgomery 
Traheme, Esq. (see Traherne of St. Hilary). Uanblethlatiy or SL Quintin Castle, and Llan- 
dough Castle (F.RStacey,Esq.), are beautifully situated, commanding extensive prospects of a 
picturesque, well-wooded, and cultured country. The little church of Llandough has recently 
been restored according to the reviving mediaeval taste, and though small, is furnished with 
several appliances not usual in Protestant churches. Penlline Castle^ boldly situated, is 
another of the residences of these parts which combine the past and the present in their 
history (see Homfray of Penlline Castle). Near at hand is Penlllne Court (see Salmofi of 
Pennine Courf)^ and Cokvinstone, the residence of H. de Burgh Thomas, Esq. Near the sea 
is the village and church of Llantwit-major {Llanilltydfawr\ one of the most venerable 
spots in Wales, the seat for many ages of an important college, founded, or restored, in the 
sixth century, by the learned Illtyd (Iltutus). To this place we must recur in treating of the 
antiquities of Glamorganshire. The mansion of Ham (see Nicholl of Ham) is in this vicinity ; 
and within a short distance is Dimlands Castle^ one of the residences of J. \V. Nich oil-Came, 
Esq., D.C.L. (see Nicholl-Carue of St. Donafs Castle). 

On the cliff, keeping guard of the Channel and of a small creek washed by the tide, 
stands the hoary and romantic pile, St. DonaCs Castle^ one of the great centres of power and 
activity in the county of Glamorgan during several centuries. This venerable place belongs 
as much to antiquity as to modem times, and as such will be further noticed in our section 
on Antiquities; bi\t as its present enterprising lord has devoted some years and a large 
expenditure in its repair and restoration, and converted it into a commodious and elegant 
modem residence, without, however, marring its ancient features, we cannot choose but 
refer to it briefly here as we pass. 

The site on which St. Donat's Castle stands, though bold, is not lofly ; it slopes gently 
towards the creek, and is just high enough to overlook a little church belonging at once to 
the castle and to its parish, situated in a narrow and pretty dell leading do>vn to the tide. 
The restorer of the castle has not been unmindful of the church ; for this, dedicated to 
Dunawd (the origin of St Donat's), with a beautiful cross standing in the churchyard, has 
been carefully and tastefully restored — the monuments of the Stradling family, the ancient 
possessors, and others, the windows and decorations, having had pious care bestowed upon 



8 GLAMOKGAN'SHIRE. 

them. The opposite side of the dell is crested by a ruined _ watch-tower (figured in the 
engraving), some fifty feet high, which in the olden time was used both to survey the Channel 
for any approaching enemy, and the neighbouring shore for the frequent wrecks which fcl 
upon it. The walls of the ancient deer-park, ivy and lichen-covered, and of vast extent, 
still survive, struggling with decay, and assist to tell of the scale of magnificence which once 
distinguished St. Donat's. 




St. Donat's Castl.k : the Skat nr J. W. Nitinn.i.-CARNK, Esq., D.CL. 



We have already referred to the grandeur of the precipitous coast which extends between 
Barry Island westward to St. Donat's, and much more might be said of its terribleness 
to the mariner, as well as its sublimity to the casual spectator, and scientific interest to the 
geologist and naturalist (See further Geology of Glamorganshire^ At St. Donat's the 
elevation of the coast becomes more moderate, degenerating as it turns north-westward 
beyond Nash Point, by Dunraven, and towards Poith-Cawl into frequent reaches of dreary 
sand-hillocks alternating with a rocky sbore, but everywhere enclosing an inland region of 
rich pasture diversified with dingles, glades, and woodland, and abounding with old parish 
churches and homesteads, monastic ruins and crosses, that would enrich the porEfoIios of the 
artist and the pages of the annalist. Right on the coast, like St. Donat's, is perched 
Dunravrn Castle, with its park and appurtenances, to which further reference shall be made 
elsewhere (see Dimraven, Lord, of Dutirmwi). In the near neighbourhood is Clementstoii 
Hall (Mr. Franklen) ; and nearer Bridgend the venerable and most interesting ruins of 
Eiueiiiiy Abbey, founded a.d. 1140, and the contiguous residence of the same name of 
Piclon Turbervill, Esq. (see TiirberviUqf Eweiiny). These stand on flat ground on the margin 
of the Wenwy stream. Mertkyr Mawr, the residence of J. C. Nicholl, Esq,, a place of long 
and high standing, lies on the Ogmore ; and at a short distance down the stream, which runs 
here through a fair woodland country, is Ogmore Caslle—tnote correctly called by Leland 



PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 9 

Ogor Castle, — the ruin of an ancient place of strength, anterior in origin to the Fitzharaon 
conquest of Glamorgan, but probably commemorating in its existing remains the fortress 
built by William de Londres. In the time of Leland this castle was nearly whole. 

To the west of the Ogmore (or Ogwr) river lie Tythegstone Court (see Knight of 
Tythe^stone\ a house whose interior and exterior alike afford signs of considerable age ; 
Nottage Court (see Knight of Nottage Court); Tytnaen (Mr. Bay ley), a place whose features 
suggest a history, and some ecclesiastical relations in the past ; nearer Bridgend, Laleston 
House ; and Court Coleman^ the residence of W. Llewelyn, Esq. ; further to the north, not far 
from the romantic Coity Castle, Coytrehhi, the residence of Alexander Brogden, Esq., M.P. . 
and Tondu House^ the residence of James Brogden, Esq. Near at hand are the great iron- 
works of Tondu. From the elevated down of Newton, towards the sea, a magnificent prospect 
is obtained of the Vale of Glamorgan, the Bristol Channel, the English "coast opposite 
Swansea Bay, and the rugged cliffs of Gower — a view which for extent, variety, and 
grandeur is seldom surpassed. North-west, beyond Pyle, we come to the great manor of 
Margam Park^ the superb seat of C. R. M. Talbot, Esq., M.P., and Margam Abbey ^ to 
which attention will be called in another section. 

We have now visited most of the mansions of the leading families of the Vale of 
Glamorgan, and the historic lands lying between Cardiff and Margam, and between the line 
of the South Wales Railway and the sea, with some others. It will be convenient in the next 
place to cast a glance at the chief spots of domestic and scenic interest in the Vale of Taff 
and the ** hill country," before our survey is extended further into West Glamorganshire. 
From Cardiff to Bridgend we have encountered no valley or stream of any size, no bold 
elevations of the surface, no rugged rocks or cataracts ; but in spite of this drawback to the 
searcher after the picturesque, we have everywhere witnessed beautiful, and even in many 
places enchanting scenery. The pastures are rich and the air balmy. The villages of this 
region, too, are themselves a study, displaying as they do an air of cleanliness, comfort, and 
competence, associated with many curious antique features in gabled roof, arched doorway, 
and projecting chimney-place, quite interesting to .witness. In good roads, favoured by the 
abounding limestone, the district is pre-eminent. The farmhouses seem to indicate a strong 
and prosperous tenantry ; and probably much of the restless and idle population is drained 
away into the congenial mining and manufacturing "black country," already plethoric of^ 
such materials — to the advantage of the peace, if not also the rates of the parishes; On the 
whole, few agricultural districts of Wales, and not many of England, can compare advan- 
tageously with this southern side of Glamorganshire. 

Returning to the Vale of Taff, whose physical beauty and historic associations are now 
in danger of being driven out of memory by the whirl of its railways and mining machinery, 
we at once come upon a spot which has a special fascination to the annalist and anti- 
quarian, and withal to the moralist and Christian. Llandaff (the church on the Taflf) for a 
thousand years before railways or the coal bed of Glamorganshire had been dreamed of, 
was a place of celebrity throughout Britain and the whole of Christendom. Here, however, 
it is not meet to divert our course to trace its history or describe its antiquities — sketches of 
these shall elsewhere be introduced, — but simply to mark its place, illustrate its cathedral, 
and mention the chief houses of its neighbourhood. Llandaff Cathedral^ recently restored 



lo GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

with a t^ste, talent, and profusion of outlay rarely equalled in such works, was a few years 
ago a mere temple in ruins — a convincing proof of the strange indifference of the Established 
Church in Wales to its own interests and the welfare of the population The bishop and the 
chapter had their ample mcomes the gentry of the land and the great mining and manu- 
facturing proprietors hved m wealth and luxury while the chief church of the diocese lay 
roofless and in desolation At last shame and a sense of duty prevailed, and in 1839 a 




LLANnAFF Cathedbal- Western Front (fromafkott^rapkhyBidftrd). 



commencement was made in the restoration of the cathedral. As shown below, the work 
went on and prospered, so that in 1865 a festival of commemoration was held, when the 
sacred building, which had grown up from the dust of ages under the superintendence of 
Mr. Piichard and Mr. J. P. Seddon, Architects, appeared as delineated in our engravings, 
faithfully drawn from first-class photographs. 

The first impulse to the movement was given in 1839 by Canon Douglas, and " the east 
window of the lady chapel, due to his bounty " — we quote from the speech of the Very 
Rev. Dean Williams at the Commemoration Festival, July 13, 1869,^" was the- commence- 
ment of that work which had moved steadily on since that time from the eastern to the 
western end. Bruce Knight, then Chancellor of the diocese and of the church, gathered 



PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION : LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL. 



•7 



subscriptions and completed the restoration of the lady chapel ; and when a meeting was 
assembled in 1843 to present him with a testimonial on his appointment to the deanery, 
which after the lapse of centuries he was the first to fill, the Rev. George Thomas, who had 
subscribed handsomely towards the restoration of the lady chapel, suggested the further 
prosecution of the work of restoration, and promised his own liberal aid. Bishop Copleston 
gave his hearty assent to the proposal, and contributed largely to the fund. Bruce Knight, 



LLANBAFrCATHi 




(from a phvlOi^raph by Bid/erd). 



however, though one of his last acts was to make a vigorous effort to raise funds to cany 
this suggestion out, was not pennitted to see the undertaking actually b^un, but in 1845 
he bequeathed its execution to his (Dean Williams') immediate predecessor, Dean Cony- 
beare, who to his many and varied acquirements added a thorough knowledge of architecture, 
and under his auspices it was carried on until 1857, at a cost, from the commencement, of 
about ;£9,ooo." 

" The Bishop of Oxford then came amongst them when they met to celebrate the restora- 
tion of that portion of the cathedral which, though disfigured by the hand of man [by 
unskilful and unsightly repairs], had not been lefl, tike the western end, roofless and ruined, 
for time and storm to work their will." On that occasion Mr. Williams (not yet a dean). 



12 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

unJer the impress of the bishop*s eloquent address, made a proposal that further progress 
should be made in the noble work, and was astonished to find the readiness with which 
promises of support were made. ^£^39090 in various sums was promised on the spot Soon 
Conybeare died, and Dean Williams was installed in his place. He carried on the improve- 
ment with vigour. The outlay in the aggregate amounted to ;^3o,ooo — a. sum the smallness 
of which, when compared with the amount and exquisite beauty of the work done, must 
strike with surprise every one at all conversant with the cost of restoring large ecclesiastical 
buildings. The dean in reference to this question was bold in the same address to say, 
that "amid the many restorations of the present day, theirs stood unexampled and un- 
rivalled in skill ; for in no other cathedral was one-half the structure an utter roofless ruin ; 
in no other were choir and organ gone, a few broken pipes of an instrument, given by the 
I^dy Kemeys, of Cefn Mabley, being all that remained of the latter in 17 17, as they gathered 
from the record of Browne Willis ; while, in place of the former, the musical portion of the 
service was long left to the voices of the school children, under the leading of the bass viol 
of their master. In no other cathedral had the residence of canons ceased or the daily 
service been suppressed. In no other cathedral had the library of the chapter been 
dispersed, and some of it burnt, as theirs had been in the civil war, when, as Browne 
Willis said, the cavaliers of the country, and the wives of several sequestered clergymen, 
were invited in bitter mockery to the castle of Cardiff by the rebels, on a cold winter's 
day, to warm themselves by the fire which was then made with a heap of Common Prayer 
Books as well as a portion of their collection." 

Touching wisely on the question of the possible disestablishment of the Church of 
England, and the doubts of some as to the effect of that event on the welfare of the Church, 
the Dean said " he, for one, .should not despair of her position. He dared not for an 
instant doubt that the same lai^e-hearted liberality which had at such a cost restored their 
own cathedral would maintain it still ; but even if he were mistaken in that thought, he would 
not grudge one farthing of the cost Let Macaulay's fabulous New Zealander, when, at some 
distant day, standing on the broken bridge which once spanned the broad waters of the 
Thames, he had sketched the ruins of St Paul's, within whose — 

* Holy precincts lie 
Ashes which make it holier, dust which is 
E'en in itself an immortality,* 

travel on, and from the narrow arch which crossed their little stream [the Taff] view their 
lowlier structure (if it was to be so) again a mouldering ruin, he might still find sermons in 
stones. They might tcU him that there had been men in the smallest as in the largest city 
in the land, who had learned to honour God with their bravest and with their best And 
might he not imbibe a little of that spirit too, and returning to his own distant home, seek to 
raise there a temple in its beauty and proportions meet for the service of God, catching from 
them, as they had caught from their forefathers, a taste and grace in religious art which was 
once well-nigh lost amongst them?" 

The long desolation of Llandaff Cathedral brought sad havoc, as a matter of necessity, 
upon the necrological monuments of the place, some of which were of great antiquity. Many 
totally disappeared ; many others were defaced and broken ; and in the rearrangement of the 



PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION; LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL. 13 

mural tablets and tombs some were misplaced. Even comparatively recent tombs have been 
removed from their proper locality. Thus the magnificent marble sarcophagus erected over 
the grave of Benjamin Hall, Esq., of Hensol Castle (see Hensol Castle) ^ and of Abercam, 
Mon., a man of distinguished character and public service, father of the late Right Hon. 
Lord Llanover, which bore the following inscription : — " In a vault near this place are disposed 
the remains of Benjamin Hall, Esq., of Hensol Castle, M.P. for this county, who died 31st July, 
1871, aged 39. To record the high sense they entertained of his industry, talent, and 
integrity, and as a tribute due to the man whose life was sacrificed to the zealous discharge 
of his public duties, this monument was erected by a considerable body of the nobility, clergy, 
gentry, and freeholders of the county of Glamorgan,'* — has been unfortunately removed to 
another part of the nave, and no longer indicates the spot were the remains were laid. 

It will be observed that this cathedral has no transepts, and that the only break in the 
straight lateral line of its exterior is caused by the projection of the western towers, and on 
the southern side by the beautiful octagonal chapterhouse. The delicate ornamental work 
of the upper part of the towers, with their exquisitely modelled turrets and spire, are the 
admiration of all T^eholders ; and the contrast which the cathedral in its present aspect 
supplies to what it was after certain alterations and barbarous decorations in 175 1 is complete 
Mr. Barbour describes the result of those earlier misjudged alterations and " improvements " 
as follows : — " On the chancel falling to decay a great sum was expended in raising the present 
church upon the old stock ; but surely such an absence of taste and common sense was never 
before instanced. Beneath the solemn towers has been engrafted an Italian fantastic summer- 
house elevation, with a Venetian window, Ionic pilasters, and flower-pot jars upon the parapet. 
The same sort of window is coupled with the elegant line of the ornamented Gothic in other 
parts of the structure, and within, a huge building, upon the model of a heathen temple, 
surrounds the altar, which with two thrones darken and fill up nearly half the church." It 
was well, at all events, that ruin should lay its hands upon such intrusive malformations 
as these. 

In the fertile undulating district around Llandaff are many residences of the gentry 
besides those of the bishop and dean, and other dignified clergy immediately associated with 
the cathedral. It may be noted in passing that the restorations at Llandaff included a series 
of important buildings subordinate to the cathedral, all in a substantial and tasteful style, — 
such as the deanery and canons' residences. In the close neighbourhood is jRookwood, the 
residence of CoL F. E. Hill, Fairwater (E. W. David, Esq.), and the new mansion of J. H. 
Insole, Esq. About a mile to the north-west is Radir^ the residence, in ancient times, of the 
Mathew family, ranking in the sixteenth century with the Kemeys of Cefh-Mabley, Herberts 
of Cogan, Bassets of Beaupre, and Carnes of Ewenny. Near Ely is Highmead (Frederick 
Vachell, Esq.). 

Passing Gremmeadow zxid ^/iWra (more correctly Felindre), already noticed, and making 
our way up the romantic vale of Taff by Castell Cock towards the town of Pontypridd, where the 
united volume of the two Rhondda streams joins the Taff, we enter a district where natural 
beauty in valley and wooded heights, green glades and laughing streamlets, is waging hottest 
war with the grimy and victorious giants of coal and iron, their miles of rubbish-heaps, dingy 
and polluted atmosphere. On the right, turning up to have a glance at the wonderful ruin of 



14 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Caerplnliy Castle, we pass the mansion of Dyffryu Ffrwd (Evan Williams, Esg.), and soon 
behold in the distance, amid blealt hills, and in a swampy hollow, the village of Caerphilly, 
and its hoary frowning castle, once the centre of mighty transactions for the weal or woe 
of Morganwg (see Cofrphilly Castle). Near this place was Van, the ancient seat of the 
Lewises ; Energlyn and Llanbradach, also the homes in succession of several persons of 
position. The surface of this country is generally uninviting, but from the elevated parts 
wide and enchanting prospects are brought to view, both across the undulating plains of 
Monmouthshire, whose border skirts Caerphilly, and to the southeast and south-west over 
the fair lands of Glamorgan. The plateau of Eglwysilan is one of the best positions from 
which to survey the general aspect of the surrounding region ; it brings under the eye in the 




varied picture the quiet and sombre but magnificent ruin of the great castle below, the 
numerous stacks of collieries and iron-works, the lines of railways with their creeping trains, 
and the far-extending and diversified landscape, with the clusters of groves and the green 
and tufted parks which mark the positions of the better class of mansions. From these elevated 
lands the eye sweeps the Bristol Channel, the Somerset coast, the lands of Gwent towards 
Newport, Usk, and Pontypool, the distant line of the Black Mountains of Carmarthenshire, 
and the dim outline of the Brecknockshire Beacons ; and, nearer at hand, the broken but 
sweet little valleys of the Rhondda Fach and Rhondda Fawr, rich in the better sort of steam 
coal, and latterly sadly distinguished for disastrous coal-pit explosions. 

Pontypridd was long known only for its ornamental environment of enchanting land- 
scape, and the one-arch bridge, of 140 feet span, built by W. Edwards, and considered 
at the time the largest span in Europe. It crosses the Taff at a place which, before the 
little village grew into a town, must have set it off as a striking and impressive object ; but 



PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION : ABERDAKE AND MERTHYR. 15 

the effect is now damaged by another bridge of low elevation, for heavy traffic, running 
close beside it. 

The Valley of Aberdare, further up, has become a trough, full of human beings, as its 
bottom, deep underground, is full of superior steam coal. When Malkin visited these 
parts there was but a small straggling village here. The deep underground wealth as yet 
lay quietly undiscovered, and but a few scratches on the surface gave Aberdare and Hirwaun 
a scanty supply of coal. Now the bowels of the earth are torn out and thrown on the 
surface ; the sides of the mountains are rent, and made to pour out hills of swarthy 
rubbish ; trains that seem of interminable length are ever conveying towards the sea the 
coal and iron extracted from these cavernous depths for the behoof of all lands ; Cyclopean 
" works " are everywhere smoking, burning, hammering, melting, smelting, and moulding. 
At certain hours, the " pits," all but bottomless, belch out their myriads of grimy, blackened 
human forms, each with a Davy lamp in hand, who hasten to their humble homes to wash, 
feed, and rest In great counting-houses, rows of clerks record and cast up results and 
profits ; and somewhere or other estates are bought and " families " are founded. A new 
world of industry, a great population, have started up within thirty years. In this neigh- 
bourhood are Dyffryriy the residence of the Right Hon. H. A. Bruce (see Bruu of Dyffryn) ; 
Ademant House, the residence o{ Richard Fothergill, Esq., M.P. ; Aberaman Bouse (late 
Crawshay Baily, Esq.) ; Maesyffynon (David Davis, Esq.) ; Uwydcoed (Rees H. Rhys, Esq.) ; 
Penderyriy in Breconshire (Rev. C. Maybery) ; and several others of good standing. 

But the true centre of the " black country " of Glamorganshire, where all its features 
assume their most developed and impressive forms, is Merthyr Tydfil, Here, too, amid 
wild and barren hills, cold, dismal, forbidding, the genius of fire, smoke, and mechanical 
violence has, if possible, a more congenial home. Nature here seems to have sacrificed all 
her external ornaments to lay up wealth for the ages to come in her deep subterranean 
coffers. The surface soil is lean and clayey, pinching the life out of plant and animal, and 
making one wonder what kind of inhabitants these regions nurtured before the days of 
mining and manufacturing came round. Now the hand of art brightens many spots on 
the surface with wealth borrowed from underground, and marvellous progress is made, in 
the accumulation of property and inhabitants. 

The population of Merthyr in 1801, fifty years after the mining and manufacturing of 
iron was begun to be developed by Mr. Bacon, was only 7,705 ; in 187 1 it had risen to the 
enormous multitude of 96,891. The great fortunes made necessarily leave some of their 
traces on sunny slopes and sheltered dingles ; and the industrial classes have within their 
reach unwonted advantages. 

The great iron-works of Cyfarthfa, Dowlais, Penydarren, " Plymouth,'* &c., give em- 
ployment to tens of thousands of men, women, and children, whose annual earnings amount 
to fabulous sums ; and were it not for the curse of intemperance and its associated vices, 
this region, with all its drawbacks, might be the home of a human community marked 
by all the elements of prosperity and happiness— a physical Sodom associated with a moral 
and social paradise. And worthy efforts are made to counteract the evil by the good. 
Places of worship are built by the score. Leading families take active part in the social 
amelioration. Schools of a superior kind are actively encouraged by the great proprietors, 
as at Dowlais and Merthyr, by direct personal effort, and not merely by cold money con- 



i6 GLAMOKCANSHIRE. 

tributions. The battle to draw out and refine the good found in humanity, and to over- 
come the stubborn obstructions of evil, is almost as earnest as the battle waged with the 
rocks and mountains to extort firom their bowels the ores of iron and lead and the jet of 
coal. But it is only almost as earnest. 

Near Merthyr Tydfil is Cyfarlh/a CastU, the scat of Robert T. Crawshay, Esq., a 
structure whose spaciousness and solidity well symbolize the magnitude and strength of the 
commercial operations conducted by its proprietors, and the general character of this iron 
district 




CVFARTHFA Castlk (/ cb a fAolv iy R T Crate hay £g) 

The castle stands n slop ng and extens ve grounds well kept whose greensward and 
clumps of trees contrast agreeably a d strikingly w th the scenes of gnmy and Tartarean 
industry immed ately surround ng them At the other end of Merthyr is Pmydarren House, 
a mansion usually inhabited by some proprietor or agent of works ; and a little further is 
Dowlais House, formerly the residence of Sir John Guest, Bart., now of G. T. Clark, Esq. 
(see Ciark of Dowlais). Near Merthyr also is Givaelod-y-Garthy the residence ol Richard 
E. Davies, Esq, The chief residence in Merthyr in the olden time was the Court House 
{Thomas of Court House). At the Rectory is the Rev, John Griffith, M.A. 

The descent from the breeiy and chilly heights of Htrwaun (the long moorland) to 
the Vale of Neath (properly N&id) transports you at once into a region of repose and 
beauty. From the upper end of the Glamorganshire part of this valley— a valley scarcely 
surpassed by any in Wales for the lovely and picturesque in scenery— by ascending some of 
the higher knoUs near the Ctlhepste cataract, prospects of vast extent and grandeur are 
obtainable. The greater part of the Vale of Neath, with its numerous sinuosities, projec- 
tions, lateral gullies and dingles, and. abrupt eminences, Swansea Bay and shipping in the 
roadstead, the Mumbles, the Biistol Channel, and the coast of Somerset, all come to 
view. The wildest and grandest parts of the Vale of Neath, however, are further north, 
and within the boundaries of Brecknockshire. In that county are the falls of the Hepste 



PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 17 

and ihc fivct-tannel o( Fiir/A_yr'Ogo/, while the exquisite scenery ot PontneM/etAan (the 
bridge of the lesser NSdd) is just on the border of the two counties. 

A few miles down the Vale of Neath is situated the venerable Aberpergum, which has 
been the abode for many generations of the ^Villianlses, a family second to none for its in- 
telligent patriotism and friendly succour of Welsh literature (see Williams, Abtrpergwrn). 




Absrpergwm: the RGSlDF-.vcii OK MoRUAH liTUARi- WiLUAUS, EsQ. (fram a flu>l.>gra^). 



In the broadest part of the valley, surrounded by fertile meads and wooded slopes, is 
the pretty mansion of Jiheola, lately the possession oi Nash Edward Vaughan, Esq., 
recently deceased, now the property, by inheritance, of his nephew, CoL Vaughan H. Lee. 
Nearer Neath is Ynysgerwn, the residence of J. T. Dillwyn LleWelyn, Esq. On the height 
above the smoky town of Neath is The Knoll (J. Coke Fowler, Esq.), with extensive park 
and plantations, and commanding views of great expanse and beauty, but somewhat matred 
by intervening smoke and dinginess. Eaglesbush is known as having been the long-con- 
tinued abbde of the Evanses. Between Briton-Ferry and Aberavon is Baglan Hall 
(Griffith Llewelyn, Esq.). A short distance north-west of Neath is situated the beautiful new 
mansion of Dyffryn, the residence of Howel Gwyn, Esq. (see Gwyn of Dyffryn); further 
up towards the hills we come to Cilybtbyll (Herbert Lloyd, Esq.) ; and in the near vicinity 
on the river Tawe stands Ponlardawe (William Gilbertson, Esq.). Gwemilwynwith, 
the seat of Charles Henry Smith, Esq., lies near the high road from Neath to Swansea ; 
and Ynyslawe, formerly occupied by Mr. Martin, now by Mr. Hughes, is situated in the 
Vale of the Tawe, a small distance from Monistown. We now enter an atmosphere and 
witness scenes such as scarcely another place in Britain could equal. This is the copper- 
smelting district, /ar excellence, for the whole world. The air you breathe is charged with 
the fumes of copper. From the monster chimney-stacks which rise on every hand the 
bluish smoke of the copper-furnace escapes, and briskly curls away on its mission of 
destruction. On the slopes around Swansea not a blade of grass or any green thing can 



QLAMORGANSHIKE. 



grow, while fortunately animal life, in man and brute, seems thriving, and at the distance of 
a mile or two you are greeted by the greenest fields and richest woodland. 

The wealth and great commercial enterprise of Swansea, its ancient standing as a place 
of importance, and notably the exquisite country which lies on its confines in the direction of 
Mumbles Head, have gathered into its near neighbourhood numerous families of good 
position. With the exception of Maesteg House (Pascoe SL L. Grenfell, Esq.) the mansions 
of the Swansea gentry lie westward of the town, and for the most part on the slopes over- 
looking the beautiful Swansea Bay. SingUton, the seat of W. Graham Vivian, Esq, ; Park 
Went, the seat of H. Hussey Vivian, Esq., M.P, ; Hendrefoilan, the seat of L. LI. Dillwyn, 
Esq., M.P.; Sketty Park (Sir John Amine Morris, Bart); FfyfUftte (Charles Bath, Esq.); 
Pant-y-Gwydir \.}. Crow Richardson, Esq.); (J/uwra/ifn {James Richardson, Esq.) ; Pailan 




£ Kksidknce of J. Crow KicHAROio 






(James Walters, Esq.) ; Brynymor (Robert Eaton, Esq.), now occupied by Edward Bath, 
Esq.; Brookianiis(^ M. Ridiards, Esq., M.P.); Cae Bailey {Co\. G. Grant Francis, F.S.A.); 
Glanmor (Iltyd Thomas, Esq.) ; Sketty Hall, the old seat of the Dillwyns (occupied by T. 
Rees, Esq.), many of them surrounded by extensive ornamental grounds, are all on the 
western side of Swansea. Further west, near the favourite neighbourhood of the Mumbles, 
the cottages and villas of resident and occasionally resident genteel households are too 
numerous to mention. Among these are Uwyndtrw (F, H. S. W, Fisher, Esq.) ; Danycoed 
(Alfred Sterry, F.sq.); and the beautiful marine villa of Langland (Henry Crawshay, Esq.). 
Many of these mansions, though making but few pretensions to architectural splendour, 
are surrounded by every token of taste, refinement, and affluence. A careful observer cannot 
fail noticing, however, the contrast between this district, devoted to groves, lawns, and 
parterres, domestic repose and elegance, and the grimy chaos and desolation on the other 
side of the town, where nature's efforts at vegetation end in utter failure, and where Sodom 



PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. (9 

and Gomorrah, both before and after the destruction, seem to have been heaped together in 
stifling confusion. 

Of Swansea as a port and scat of manufacture it is not our function to speak ; but allusion 
should be made to some of the chief institutions which aim at the amelioration and enlighten- 
ment of the population, and in the management and support of which the leading families of 
the neighbourhood take an active part. A good supply of day schools for different grades of 
-youth, an efHcient grammar school, a mechanics' institute, a music hall for classes and 
concerts, and occasional competition in singing, are maintained ; and charitable institutions 
such as infirmaries, dispensaries, and asylums, on a large scale are not forgotten, Swansea is 
in advance of any town in the Principality, and of most towns of the size in England, in the 
possession of a long-established and noble institution called The Royal Institution of Seutk 




Cae Bailey 



I-'RANCII, F.S.A. 



Wales, whose library, museum, courses of lectures, &c., confer upon the inhabitants an 
unceasing and most subsUntial benefit The gentlemen of Swansea and neighbourhood taJie 
an active interest in the prosperity and efficiency of this excellent establishment, but to none 
is it more indebted than to one of its vice-presidents. Col. G- Grant Francis, F.S.A., whose 
indefatigable labours for years have so largely contributed to the increase of the library and 
the enrichment of its various collections of antiquities. 

West of Swansea is the district of Gower — the ancient Gwyr, — forming a promontory 
twenty miles long b/six or seven in width, cut off by a line drawn across from about the 



20 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Mumbles Head to the Burry estuary. Four-fifths of its margin, measuring a total of some 
fifty miles, is washed by the tide. The cliff scenery of Gower from the Mumbles Head to 
the Worms Head and Rhos^ili Bay is truly magnificent, in parts unsurpassed by any even 
in Cornwall or Pembrokeshire. The interior, through the absence of streams and valleys, 
is often dreary and uninteresting, though far from unproductive. Much of the land is un- 
enclosed ; on the north-east the soil is poor and cold, but overlies beds of coal of some 
value. To the lover of the picturesque, however, the deeply indented coast on the south and 
west compensates largely for this by its beetling bluffs, retiring creeks, and sheltered 
crescent-sanded bays, with their sunny woodland slopes. From the elevated ridge of Cefn 
y Bryn, which runs diagonally across the peninsula nearly due east and west, and rises to a 
height of nearly 600 feet, the prospect is grand and inspiring, bringing under the eye in 
distinct and varied forms — 

**The negligence of nature, wide and wild,** 

the coast of Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire as far as St. Govan's Head, the Bristol 
Channel, the western side of the Vale of Glamorgan, the Vale of Neath, and the interior 
of the country as far as the Black Mountains and the Brecknockshire Beacons. You stand 
here, also, near Arthur's Stone, and are reminded that in pre-historic times this was no 
common and forgotten waste, — but of this feature of Gower we shall have to speak in 
another section. The charming little bays of Langland, Caswell, and Oxwich, with their 
accompanying cliff scenery, famed bone caverns, and warm shelly sands, are the admira- 
tion of all beholders ; and a delightful and salutary consciousness comes over you, as you 
wander among the shadows of cliffs and caves, separated from the din of the world, in 
full communion with Nature in some of her noblest aspects, and haply, unless the heart be 
really dead, in communion with Him who gave her, and you a part of her, being and life, 
that the world you have for the moment left is small and paltry, and that you have a link of 
connection with higher things. A song of praise arises in the soul, and seems to harmonize 
with the sound of the waves and the breeze ; the breath of the sea and of the thymy rocks 
brings incense, and for altar-light you have the sun of heaven, — a somewhat loftier style of 
worship, one would think, than we often are pained to witness. 

In this district of Gower, so wild and separate, are several mansions of note. The first 
we come to on our way from the pretty village of Sketty is Kilvrough House, the seat of 
Thomas Penrice, Esq. (see Fenrice of Kilvrough)^ a place of much antiquity. Further on is 
Penrice Castle^ the seat of C. R. M. Talbot, Esq., M.P. This is a modern mansion built in 
close proximity to the great ruin of Penrice Castle — one of the grandest pieces of desolation 
found in South Wales (see Penrice Castle), The scenery around is choice in the extreme, 
and the air of quiet and repose which sits as the genius of the place is delightful. Its 
owner is not unaccustomed to the forum, the senate, and the noisy rush of the crowded 
street ; and he probably realizes with as much delight as the casual stranger fresh from the 
storm of the metropolis the exquisite sweetness of this spot 

Near the village of Reynoldstone, a mile or two fiirther west, is StouihaU^ the residence 
of E. R. Wood, Esq., reposing under the shelter of Cefn y Bryn, and commanding pleasing 
and extensive views. 

Of the Flemish inhabitants of this district we shall have occasion again to speak. 



THE GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 21 



Section II.— THE GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

With the exception of Cardiganshire and Monmouthshire there is no county in Wales 
so much monopolized by one form of rock as Glamorganshire ; but the rock which pre- 
dominates in this county is one which is entirely absent in the first, and only partially de- 
veloped in the second county named. This is the carboniferous or coal-bearing »ock. 
Fully seven-eighths of Glamorganshire is composed of this most valuable formation ; and 
the vast increase of population on its surface within the last fifty years is but a comment 
upon its wide prevalence and commercial importance. If a straight line is drawn from 
Llanmadoc on the Burry estuary to the village of the Mumbles, passing just to the north of 
the ridge of Cefn y Bryn, it will cut off the coal-bearing beds from the limestone and red 
sandstone underlying them. The whole country to the north of this line is coal-bearing as 
far north as Llandebie and the foot of the Fan Mountains in Carmarthenshire. We may 
then follow the coast-line from the Mumbles by Neath and Briton Ferry, or penetrate in 
imagination under the bay of Swansea in a straight line, coming out at Kenfig, and shall 
everywhere witness the presence of the same general coal-bearing strata. 

In proceeding fiirther east, if we mean to keep in view of the coal measures, we must cut 
off the fine country of the Vale of Glamorgan, as being nothing worth as far as coal is 
concerned, by drawing a line, not far from direct, from the village or ancient town of Kenfig^ 
passing Bridgend, diverging slightly northward to reach the lower grounds south of but close 
below Llantrisant, and on to Castell Coch, after reaching which we must curve to the left, 
making gradually for the north-east, until at Machen, or near it, we reach the borders of 
Monmouthshire, into which, in the direction of Pontypool, the great coal-field continues. At 
Machen we find ourselves on the river Rhymney, which divides our county from Monmouth- 
shire, and, as is usual through some odd freak of custom to say, '* divides Wales from 
England." We therefore follow this stream northward as far as the extent of Glamorganshire 
reaches, viz., to Rhymney Bridge— a distance of about twenty miles, and wherever we go the 
rocks are of the same carboniferous texture. Our search then leads us along the county 
boundary by Morlais Castle, and we turn nearly westward by Cyfarthfa, and continue due west 
until we meet our former point of northern measurement at the foot of the Carmarthenshire 
Fan, The whole of the great region included by the line thus roughly described, amounting 
to not less than 600 square miles, belongs to the carboniferous group. Under a large 
proportion of this vast area coal of some quality or other is now lying— except, indeed, 
where it has already been extracted by the hand of man, — in places no doubt at depths which 
make its profitable working with our present mining appliances unremunerative, and in places 
in such slender seams and with such admixture of shale and rubbish as to deter all working 
beyond exploring experiments. 

The coal measures of Glamorganshire attain in places to an enormous thickness. De 
la Beche says {^GeoL Obs„ p. 584) that while the coal-field of the Bristol district reaches a 
thickness of 5,000 feet, with a subjacent accumulation of silt, sand, and gravel, making a 
total 1,200 feet, the mass of the various beds in the neighbourhood of Swansea may be 
estimated at about 11,000 feet j so that if accumulated by subsidence, horizontal beds piled 



22 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

on each other, it would have to be inferred that in this part of the earth's surface, and at that 
geological time, there had been a somewhat tranquil descent of mineral deposits, sometimes 
capable of supporting the growth of plants requiring contact with the atmosphere, but most 
commonly beneath water, for a depth by which the first formed deposits became lowered 
more than two miles from then- original, position. "It may be inferred," De la Beche 
further adds, that this thickness " is not that of the general mass, as the component beds 
might have been accumulated against each other, as happens in single sandstone and 
conglomerate beds, and no doubt has mpre often to be taken into account than it has 
been in the calculations of thickness." 

The great iron ore district of Glamorganshire lies principally about Merthyr, Dowlais, and 
Aberdare, where the ironstone is found in seams alternating with the coal. The coal of this 
part is also of the harder or less bituminous kind, best fitted for the furnace, while the lime- 
stone of the locality serves an important purpose in iron-smelting. De la Beche has the 
remark that " Merthyr Tydfil presents an excellent example of the economic value of geological 
conditions, the proximity of the carboniferous limestone, the coal, and ironstone to each 
other in that part of the country producing a cheap combination of flux, fuel, and ore 
scarcely to be surpassed." As we move southward in the county we find the coal becoming 
more bituminous. The Valleys of Aberdare and Rhondda, and contiguous parts, are said to 
yield the quality of coal most valued for ocean steamers, and at present in most demand by 
the Government, by reason of its power to produce heat, and its very moderate amount of 
smoke. *► 

Next below the coal bed is the carboniferous limestone, which everywhere accompanies it, 
and shows itself on its outer limits along the whole line we have above described from Gower 
to Bridgend, Castell Cocl\. and Machen, and from Rhymney Bridge to Cyfarthfa and^ the 
foot of the Carmarthenshire Fan, It is but a fair inference, therefore, that at the greatest 
depths, and from end to end of the coal-field, this sheet of limestone, in some places of great 
thickness, continues without interruption — except where its continuity may have been 
disturbed by faults. 

Under the limestone basin, which thus holds in its edacious embrace the vast coal 

deposit of this county, we find the Old Red.Sanidstpne foromlionT This also gives proofs of 

its continuous presence beneath the 3thomless depth of the basin, by appearing here §nd 

there wherever it has opportunity, as the supporter of the lifk^estonei Of the titne it took to 

deposit this formation let its tlRbkn^ss speak.^ It constitutes nearly the wh^ of Brecknock- 

shire and Monmouthshire ; shows in the Black Mountains oT^ Herefordshire, the Beacons of 

Brecknockshire, and the Fan of Carmarthenshire^— a mass of the enormous thickness of nearly 

3,000 feet, and is calculated to amount in all to not l^s^ than 8,000 to 10,000 feet — 

' surpassing any known development of this rock in any other part of the world {Murchison), 

It then crops up north, south; east/ and west of the^ co>il V^sin, but gives us no further 

opportunity of measuring its depth such as it gives in the eminences above named. To the 

• 

exact south of the basin it^makes but an intermittent appearance, lying here, as is evident, 
conformably beneath the Has, It is seen near Bridgend, and on the shore near Kenfig, and 
in Gower, following the direct line from Kenfig, forms the back-bone of the promontory in 
the elevation of Cefn y Bryn, Its. next appearance, still faithful to its direction, and its 
companionship of the carboniferous lime stone, is near Tenby ; and the last we see of it in 



GEOLOGY OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 23 

Britain is in the little isle of Skokam, beyond the mouth of Milford Haven. We have only 
to follow the prolongation of the line to Ireland to renew its acquaintance. 

The lias strata are the highest and newest in the Glamorganshire series. With the 
exception of a slight development of the new red near Ely, and again near Llangrallo and 
Llangan, towards Bridgend, the whole of the undulating country between Cardiff and the 
estuary of the Ogmore consists of the lias series. These strata, as is plainly seen in the 
faces of the great cliffs from Penarth Point to St. Donat's Castle, and notably by entering the 
great caves of Tresilian, &c., lie almost undisturbed in horizontal courses, as they were 
deposited at the bottom of some early sea. The generally level face of the country, broken 
only by the abrading action of tiny streams, and slight convulsions, tells of the same long- 
continued repose of this district The smooth flaggy beach has the same tale to relate. In 
many respects this group of rocks is invested with great interest Unless we are mistaken, 
it is the newest geological formation found in all Wales, and clings to the more venerable 
rocks of this country more like a waif cast adrift from the Gloucestershire side of the Severn, 
than a congenial part of " ancient " Wales. In truth, the contiguity of the lias and the Old 
Red Sandstone in this part is very remarkable, and unavoidably suggests grave inquiries as to 
the quarter whither the once intervening and massive carboniferous, Permian, and Trias 
groups have betaken themselves. 

Then the question arises. Is there no coal under the lias ? Are we to be content with the 
incomparable excellences of Aberddaw lime tor mortar and cement? Are there no hopes 
of seeing the clear and balmy atmosphere of the Vale of Glamorgan charged with the 
quantity of smoke, sulphur, and various odours which now almost belong as a matter of right 
to the greater part of Glamorganshire, and against which no protests on the part of the fair 
valleys of Taff and N^dd, of Rhondda and Dare, prevail ? We see no reason to stifle such 
hopes. Coal there most certainly may be under the Vale of Glamorgan from Cardiff to 
St. Donat's, and thence to Bridgend, unless the powers of evil have stolen it. About the 
question how far t>eneath the green grass it lies,, let those who are apt in divining of minerals 
from the dew on the leaflets decide. It may be very deep, but down there in all 
probability it lies, and possibly there it will continue until the time, predicted by Mr. Jevons, 
when our " present coal-fields '* shall have been exhausted, and machinery has been invented 
which shall as far transcend our present contrivances for burrowing towards the antipodes as 
these transcend the inventions of our great-grandfathers. It is of course ]\ksl possible that the 
vast vegetable accumulations which resulted in the coal treasures of Glamorganshire were so 
localized by conditions of the surface as not to extend farther south than their present limits, 
and that the lias which stretch between them and the Channel, and which lie almost 
undisturbed in the beds where they were first laid, at no time covered anything better than 
mere carboniferous strata, without actual coal beds. This is possible, but is by no means ' 
certain. 

The entire South Wales coal-field — lying in a longitudinal trough or basin, the western 
end of which reaches the sea in Pembrokeshire, and the eastern projects eastwards beyond 
Pontypool in Monm*outhshire — is estimated to measure superficially above 1,000 square 
miles, of which nearly 600 lie in Glamorganshire. The depth of the basin is, of course, 
continually varying in its transverse section, being greatest in the centre, and reaching its 
minimum where the seams crop out to the surface. The outcroppings of the seams had 



24 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

many ages ago been worked with varying success, checks often intervening through the 
occurrence oi faults^ which at times carried the seam vertically downwards many yards from 
the line of its natural bed, to the no small perplexity of the miner. It was geology which 
first explained the nature of these faults as the results of dislocations and convulsions in the 
earth's crust. But a grander discovery, made from the data supplied by this science, was 
that of the continuous stratification of the basin, or, in other words, the passage of the seams 
in curvilinear form from one side of the great basin where they were found to dip downwards 
to the other side, beyond valle)rs, hills, and towns, where they were seen to crop upwards. 
The deduction was as definitive and safe as it was grand — always provided no disturbance 
of the strata had occurred, — that, given the angle of dip and outcrop, and the distance 
between the ends of the arc, at such and such depths at all intervening points coal would 
be found. 

Upon the same data it is calculated that the Glamorganshire coal-basin reaches in places 
a depth of 3,400 yards, of which from 2,000 to 3,000 yards are below the level of the sea. 
This is twice the depth of any coal workings in England ; so that the amount of virgin 
seams hitherto untouched in Glamorganshire is enormous. The greatest vertical measurement 
is believed to be in the Swansea and Neath district The great cavity which holds this vast 
treasure of coal is far from uniform in its curvature, for disturbing forces in past geological 
times have here and there sadly broken and twisted it Almost in a straight line from Gower 
to Risca, in Monmouthshire, some monster power has upheaved its bottom into the form of 
an internal ridge or back-bone, dividing the field virtually into two, one northern, one 
southern ; and there are divers other separations, of more or less import, which tend to baffle 
the miner, and turn his speculations into a game of chance. Near Swansea an enormous 
•" fault," which suddenly takes down the bed 240 feet from its natural line, occurs. To 
compensate for such unfriendly operations of ancient subterranean forces, another class 
of operations have worked in favour of the coal-winner. Perhaps, indeed, the same 
insurrection of the powers of fire and water, and their resultant gases, which tossed and 
crushed the hills and their foundations, had a hand in scooping out or in heaving asunder 
the valleys of Taff, Neath, and Tawe, and many other depressions which traverse the 
Glamorganshire coal-field, and are so serviceable, both as adits to the coal and as high roads 
for its conveyance to the sea. 



Section III.— HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

I. — Roman Period. 

Little or nothing in the shape of direct reliable statement remains to us of the pre- Roman 
history of this county. Of its persons and events we know nothing with certainty. But if 
ground one degree less definite is taken we can speak with absolute confidence The 
district had its persons and events, had a community and a government, was peopled by a 
hardy and notable race, and was under the leadership of puissant princes, when the Roman 
first set foot upon the land. So much is certain, independently of the testimony of native 
chroniclers, from the direct attestations of the Roman historians alone, and fair inferences 
from them. The territory included, since the time of Henry VIIL, under the name 



HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES— ROMAN PERIOD. 25 

"Glamorganshire" was part of the country to whose inhabitants the Romans gave the name 
Silures (Ptol., ^ScXvpcc), imitating loosely, as is most likely, the native name Essyllwyry 
the people of Essyllwg — a region of indeterminate boundaries, but believed to have 
included along with the county of Glamorgan, the counties of Monmouth and Hereford, 
and parts at least of Brecon, Radnor, Salop, and Gloucester. We possess no native 
topographical description of Britain in pre- Roman times ; but there is reason to believe 
that the term " Essyllwg," with other forms of identical meaning, such as Essyllyr, Bro 
Essyllt, &c., had descended from very early times, and had even grown antiquated before 
the more recent Gwent and Gwentwg came into use. The earlier term may well be taken 
as originating in fable ; for it is in Geoffrey of Monmouth that we read how Locrinus, 
eldest son of Brutus, after his father's decease divided the island of Britain between himself 
and his two brothers. Camber and Albanactus, and after overthrowing Humyr (Humber), 
King of the Huns, found in one of his ships the three damsels of celestial beauty, one of 
whom was none other than Essyllt {al. Estrildis), " a daughter of the King of Germany," 
who eventually became his queen, and whose name, by some historical legerdemain, 
became associated with the country about the Wye and the Usk; while her daughter ^^r«i 
{al. Sabre) gave her name to the river Hafren (Severn), in which both daughter and mother 
were drowned. These are pretty legends, not more true than those about the founding of Rome 
by iEneas, or by the sons of Rhea Silvia, suckled by the she-wolf; but despite the legend, 
Rome was founded by some one, and in like manner the land of Essyllwg got its name from 
some person or circumstance ; and until a better account is given, or the old is demonstrably 
proved to be destitute of a core of truth, the name may as well be traced to Essyllt, daughter 
of the German king, as to any other thing or person. 

The ingenious and indefatigable loio Morganwgy who could find ancient manuscripts in 
old coffers and behind wainscotings, would have had no difficulty in bringing to light the 
history of ancient Glamorgan if he had been so minded ; but in justice to his memory it 
must be said that his moderation here was commendable. He abstained from increasing 
confusion already too great, and delusive flickerings amid darkness hopelessly imjienetrable. 
What he did discover in reference to his native county, " in a book that was once in the 
possession of the Rev. Mr. Gamage,V has reference to a later period, and to this we shall 
have occasion again to refer. As to the position of lolo Morganwg generally, we can say 
in passing that a critic of philological and historical competency to deal with it has yet to 
appear. 

That the Romans found the Silurian country important for their purposes as conquerors, 
I. e,y rich in men to fill the legions, and in means for filling the coffers of the procurator, is 
beyond a doubt. They fixed upon Caerleon as the site of one of their chief cities in Britain 
— Isca Siluruniy the reputed seat of Caractacus when leader of the intrepid Silures, and 
afterwards of Arthur and the Round Table. The great struggle of the Silurian power with 
Rome may more appropriately be noticed under Monmouthshire, although it undoubtedly 
brought to bear the whole of the resources of Glamorgan and surrounding counties, possibly 
to the utmost limits of South Wales. We have no right to say that the conquest which the 
Romans made in this region meant more than the establishment of Roman supremacy and 
the exaction of tribute. As their conquest of the Silures was about a century later than 
their conquest of Kent, their stay in Wales was comparatively short, and, it is well known, 



26 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

their rule comparatively mild ; but the great military roads they formed across tlie country 
still remain as proofs of a definitely planned and settled conquest, and may be taken as 
memorials of a supremacy at least extending over 300 years. During this long period the 
toga and the helmet, the short broadsword and polished shield, were familiar objects at 
Caerau near Cardiff {Tibia amnis)\ Boverton (Bovium)^ Nedd (Nidum)^ and Loughor 
{Liucarum), principal stations on the great military causeway, the Via/iilia^'whxch proceeded 
from Caerleon to Carmarthen, and further west. Here military trains, cohorts, and legions 
frequently marched, and heavy waggons conveying the collected denarii to the colonial 
treasury at Isca Silurum slowly crept along. The line of this highway was not far from the 
coast, running from Caerau nearly in the track of the road which passes by Llancarvan and 
St. Althan's to Lantwit Major (near which was their station Bovium), and thence to Bridgend. 
As the Romans usually betrayed a partiality for straight roads, it would seem that in making 
this considerable detour they deemed it of importance to keep near the sea — probably for 
purposes of observation and convenience of transport. Of the actual details of events ir 
this particular region of Glamorganshire during this period we know nothing. Through an 
occasional inscription, dug out of the earth, we learn more of its deaths than of its lives. 
The antiquarian with patient labour writes an intermittent history from personal ornaments, 
fragments of altars, bronze blades, and coins ; but when all the facts are brought together, 
the record merely tells that the Romans had here their legions, villas, altars, and fiscal 
bureaus for the space of three centuries more or less, and that about a.d. 400 they left the 
land to the care of its ancient possessors. They prepared to quit Britain altogether and 
finally as rulers about the year 412. 



2. — Saxon Period, 

We cannot speak of a Saxon period in Glamorganshire any more than in other parts ot 
Wales, except in a qualified sense. Strictly speaking, there was a British period, a Roman 
period, a Norman period, and an English period, each marked by definite rule and legal 
government. But the Saxon authority in Wales was not at any time that of formal govern- 
ment to the exclusion of native laws and native rulers, but simply the occasional assertion 
from the time of Egbert and Athelstan of feudal suzerainty. The native princes everywhere 
ruled, albeit by degrees with a glory which paled before the rising splendour of the English 
kings ; and their function dwindled into those of reguii instead of independent princes. 

Of the arrangements made for government in Bro Essyllt after the departure of the 
Romans it is impossible to speak except in very general terms. The Romans had never 
denied to the Cymric princes the recognition of their high descent and proper rank. They 
never suppressed the speech or interfered with the customs of the natives. In the few towns 
they established, they brought into action their municipal laws^ and compelled the native 
princes to pay tribute ; and there, or nearly there, the Roman domination ceased to operate. 
On the disappearance of the Roman general and procurator, therefore, in Wales as 
over Britain, but in Wales with greatei ease, the rule of the native princes was straightway 
resumed. 



HISTORY OF GLAMORGANSHIRE -SAXON PERIOD. 27 

For several centuries before history opens her page these parts must have been governed 
either immediately by local chieftains, or as portions of supreme princedoms. It seems 
probable that before Morgan the Courteous (ninth cent.) gave his name to the region, the 
ancient 6^/<f7^'j'x/^— of more circumscribed application than " Essyllwg '* and "Bro Essyllt," — 
unless indeed it be a form of the same word — was the name by which it was known. In the 
early records "Glewysig" is often used to the exclusion of "Gwlad- Morgan" and " Morgan wg." 
Golyddan^ the bard, who wrote as is supposed in the seventh century, speaks of these parts 
under this designation : — 

*' Na chiynned Dyfed na Glywysig." 
Let not Dyfed or Glywysig tremble. 

Asser is about the first author who throws any clear and steady light upon the post- 
Roman affairs of the region. When invited from Wales to the court of King Alfired, he tells 
us {De Reb. Gest, Aelfr,^ ann. 884) that his countrymen in " Britannia " (Wales) sanctioned 
his going to live for a time in Saxonia (England), because they thought he might be instru- 
mental in procuring the protection of Alfred for the church of St David's against its 
despoiler, Hemeid, ruler of Dyfed ; and he observes that already Alfred had authority over 
**the countries on the right-hand side of Britain" (his way of expressing the southern parts 
of Wales — De/ieubarth)y having been invited to exercise it for the protection of the inhabit- 
ants against "the violence of the six sons of Rhodri," late king of all Wales; and that 
" Houil, son of Ris, king of Gleguisingy^ as well as " Brocmail and Femail, sons of Mourice, 
kings of Gwenty compelled by the force and tyranny of Earl Ethered [of Mercia], had of 
their own accord sought King Alfred, that they might enjoy his government and protection." 
The same thing is said of Helised, son of Tewdyr, ruler of Brechonia (Brecknock). Now 
this is from a writer, to say the least of him, quite as reliable as Tacitus or Strabo. There 
was, then, in the time of King Alfred, a king of Gleguising (Glywysig) of the name of " Houil, 
son of Ris," whom we can call, in more modem form, Howel ap Rhys ; and this lordship or 
kingdom of Glywysig, along with its neighbour Gwertty formed the southern part of the 
country of the ancient Silures. 

We are informed by the Saxon Chronicle that those naughty marauders, the " Danish 
men,** otherwise called "Nordmanni'' and ^' black pagans," a.d. 894, paid a devastating 
visit to the borders of the Severn ; and we learn from Caradoc's Brut y Tywysogiqn that in 
this identical year the " Normanyeit " wasted, along with Brecheiniawc and Gwent, Morganwc. 
This same incursion is also attested, under the varying date of 895, by the reliable Annales 
Cambria, We may be sure that the "black pagans" left no bone in Bro Morganwg 
unpicked. Who was now ruler of the district we are not told, and must suppose that the 
name " Morganwc,*' not yet born, is applied by the chroniclers just as, ex, gr,, we use 
** Wales," when we say that Wales was conquered by the Romans, although Wales as a name 
had no existence in Roman times. 

The story of Morgan Mwynfawr (the Courteous) is the next ray of light thrown on the 
annals of Glamorgan. He was the son of Athrwys, whom some perilously identify with 
Arthur, and so great was his renown and high his character as protector of his country, 
bleeding from the wounds inflicted by Nordmanni and Mercian adventurers, that the territory 
he ruled chose to call itself after his name— 6^a'/j//-Morgan and Morgan-ze/^, indifferently, — 
both signifying the country or land of Morgan. He is often called Morgan Mawr, the 



28 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

great, as well as Morgan Mwyn-fawr^iht greatly gentle or courteous, and it is just possible 
that the latter epithet in its original uncompounded form was Mwyn Mawr — " the great, 
the gentle." In the " History " of Glamorgan, " out of the book that was in the possession 
of the Rev. Mr. Gamage " of St. Athan's, and which passed through the hands of lolo, it is 
said that he resided at Adur and Breigan, and that he and his race, both beTore and after, 
were endued with the grace of supreme good fortune up to the time of Owain ap Morgan 
H^n. Their good fortune consisted in this — that they were chaste in youth, full of vigour, 
having children in their old age, and lived to see their children's children and their children. 
In illustration of this blessed lot we are told that Morgan's first son was bom when his 
father was sixty-seven years old, and that this son, called Morgan H^n — " the aged," was 
eighty-seven years of age when his son Owain was bom. It was on the next day after the 
birth of Owain that Morgan the Courteous died, " and he was buried in the grave of Teilo ; 
but it is not known now where that grave is." Morgan the Aged and his son Owain " had 
contention with Howel the Good, son of Cadell, King of South Wales ["South Wales" in 
those times did not include Morganwg, Gwent, and Brycheiniog], for possession of Ystrad 
Yw, Ewias, and Erging, or the Vale of Crickhowel and surrounding district, with the 
adjoining parts of Herefordshire." The peculiar relation at this time of the princes of Wales, 
including Morganwg, to the English kings, is significantly brought out in connection with 
this quarrel, for the " History " relates that Morgan and Owain went with their complaint 
against Howel the Good " to Edgar, King of England ; " that Edgar interposed and 
made peace, giving the land of Brychan (Brecknock) and the land of Gwyr Isa (lower Gower) 
to Howel, and Ystrad Yw, Ewias, and Erging to Morgan ; " and when the peace was settled, 
it was written on a roebuck's skin, and upon the altar of Teilo it was laid, and by the aid ot 
God and Teilo a great blessing was vouchsafed to such as would maintain peace between 
the King of Morganwg and the King of South Wales, while a great curse was denounced 
against such as would disturb the peace and right now established between them." 

But in this very transaction the tributary condition of the prince of Glamorgan is also made 
evident. " Teilo and Dewi," which mean the presiding ecclesiastical authority of Llandaff 
and St. David's, " arranged that the King of Morganwg should pay tribute to the King of 
London, and that the King of North Wales should not receive the tribute [which as superior 
regulus he had been accustomed to receive] because the supreme lord of Britain [Unben 
Prydain] is the King of London ; for when personal supremacy was established in Britain, 
it was ordained that all kings and princes in the island should pay tribute to the King of 
London, in order that he might have power to wage war against all enemies." This is a 
remarkable passage. While tinctured with the modes of thought and expression belonging 
to the Cymric tongue, its historic substance is true to facts otherwise known. As usual, 
dates are neglected, and so are names, in the allusion to a concerted supremacy ; but the 
principle was doubtless introduced as early as the reigns of Egbert and Athelstan, and 
several instances of the exercise of the " King of London's " suzerainty in Wales might 
be mentioned. Perhaps the reference above made to a specific arrangement that all 
kings and princes in the island should pay tribute to the King of London, has in view a 
state of things brought about by Athelstan. 

With Morga^. H^n and his son and successor Owain, we arrive in the annals of 
Glamorganshire at the end of the tenth century. Caradoc's Bntt puts the death of Morgan 



HISTORY OF GLAMORGANSHIRE— SAXON PERIOD. 29 

at the year of " the age of Christ " 974. The Liber Uandavensis, generally worthy of credit, 
would make it appear that his rule continued longer ; for at the apparent termination of that 
rule it records the election as kings of Glamorgan, in a.d. 983, of Owain, Idwallawn, Cadell, 
and Cynfyn, sons of Morgan H^n, and of Rhodri and Gruffydd, sons of Elised \ a record, 
by the way, of much interest from what it implies as to the meaning of brenin and brenhiniaeth 
(king and kingdom) at that time among the Cymry, when in a territory so circumscribed so 
many " kings " and " kingdoms" could co-exist. 

Owain, above named, was succeeded in his sovereignty of Morganwg. or such part as he 
inherited, by his son, Ithd Ddu — " the black," so called " from the intense blackness of his 
hair, eyes, and beard." His reign was disturbed by incursions of the Saxons, who sacked 
Llandafif and scattered its clergy, whose territory was afterwards restored by Ithel. The 
birds of ill omen hovered now in frequent flocks over Morganwg, presaging coming trouble 
and carnage, when the hungry Norman eagles would settle upon their prey. Already, in the 
words of Longfellow, — 

** On helm and harness rings the Saxon hammer. 
Through Cymric forest roars the Norseman's song ; " 

the power of England has fallen before the Dane, and Dane and Saxon combine to harass 
the enfeebled land of the Cymry; but soon the Norman strikes both to the dust, and 
undertakes on his own account the absorption of all that is fair and profitable in the eastern 
borders of Wales, from Chester to Glamorgan Vale. Ithel Ddu passes away from Mor- 
ganwg, and is followed by his son Gwrgant^ whose chief title to fame rests on his being 
father of the notorious lestyn, and on his *' gift of an extensive moorland plain in the ' hills ' 
called Hiru^aun y brmin (the king's long moor) to all who desired to keep cattle and sheep, 
and sow com." This plain from that time forth was called Hirwaun JVrgan, and is the 
table-land between Merthyr and the Vale of Neath known to this day as Hirwaun. 

As to the place of residence or castle of these princes of Glamorgan, the old historians 
and chroniclers say little. In our day history is expected to furnish itself with the verifying 
apparatus of places, dates, coherence and succession of events ; but the monkish chroniclers 
were above recording such trifling details. They knew them all themselves at the time, and 
not being over-gifted with imagination, perhaps assumed that others through all time would 
know them equally well But as most of the chronicles were probably written as a means 
of whiling away idle time, or for the information of the limited societ}' of the monastery or 
family, and with no definite historical purpose or thought of future ages, panting in curiosity 
and alert in criticism, the looseness, contradictions, strange lacunae, and narrowne.<;s of range 
by which they are characterized are intelligible and largely excusable. The Coychurch MS. 
tells us (see Williams' Monmouthshire) that Morgan Mwynfawr — said there to be the son of 
King Arthur, — on retiring from Caerleon and making his home in Glamorgan, resided some- 
times at Cardiff", sometimes at Radir^ at other times at Margam. That Cardiff" had a British 
fortress, and was a seat of power, and therefore in all probability the residence of the ruler 
of the surrounding country before the Roman settlement, is all but certain, and that the 
Normans found it a place of similar dignity is equally credible. Dunraven has also the 
credit of having been a British princely residence under the name Dindryfan. 



30 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



3. — Norman Period, 

We now arrive at a new and very distinct era in the annals of Glamorganshire, — an era 
pregnant in great events, and sending down a legacy of consequences which reach our own 
time, and will reach times long to come. Hitherto, since the Roman age, the Cymric princes 
had all the land and its inhabitants to themselves (despite occasional subjection to the 
" King of London "), fought at their own risk their battles, and arranged as best they could 
their mutual differences. They met the Mercian on the border, combined to chase the 
Dane from their creeks, and battled with varying success with Scandinavian Magnuses and 
Anglo-Saxon Egberts and Athelstans ; and when no enemy appeared at the mouth of Taff 
or Tawe, Dovey or Dee, or crossed OfFa's vallum, then the board was cleared for a native 
game of war, for which pretext was never wanted, between north and south, Gwynedd and 
Powys, or sections of either. Who would be foe or who ally was quite a chance \ one thing 
only was certain, the weird dance must be danced, and the horrid caldron must be kept 
boiling. 

But now a power which has already laid the race of Offa, Athelstan, and Alfred in the 
dust, after having occasionally swung its dragon tail to smite the Welsh — not without loss 
of some of its own blood and scales, lays one of its great fangs with settled purpose upon 
Morgan wg and other districts of Eastern Wales. At this time {circa a.d. 1091) lestyn, son 
of the already mentioned Gwrgant, of Hirwaun y brenin memory, was the madcap ruler of 
Morganwg. This is the common opinion, and notwithstanding some recent attempts 
at disproof, this is the account we are disposed upon the whole to accept. It is borne out 
by the largest consensus of unwavering testimony, and is most in harmony with native 
tradition checked and toned down by historic facts. 

It is of little import whether this native ruler, lestyn ap Gwrgant, was a man of 
great or ignoble qualities, of princely or inferior rank. That he did exist, was a man of 
authority in Glamorgan at this time, and was succeeded by sons who bravely led an 
unavailing assault against the Normans, it is useless to question. That he is not mentioned 
by this or that chronicler, that there are inconsistencies in such records as we possess about 
the date of his life, is of little importance. Chroniclers, as already said, were often in those 
days careless in registering dates ; often ignored the most important persons and transactions ; 
even at times ignored the transactions of half the island. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ^ ex.gr,^ 
says little about Wales. The Annales Cambrice scarcely notice England. A Welsh Brut^ 
and even Asser^ hesitates not to speak of Welsh affairs as those of " Britain." Although the 
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle repeatedly mentions Gruflfydd (" Griffin "), King of the Welsh (for 
which reason, perhaps, even Mr. E. A. Freeman believes that there was such a man as 
Gruffydd), it never mentions Rhys ap Tewdwry one of the most prominent princes of Wales, 
and a bitter enemy of the Normans, although it professes to register the events of his time. 
And what if the same chronicle makes no mention of Robert Fitzhamon ? did there exist, 
therefore, no Robert Fitzhamon ? The historical reality of lestyn ap Gwrgant, and his 
prominence in public affairs, are nearly as well evidenced as those of Rhys ap Tewdwr, 
P'itzhamon, or Newmarch. He is named in the twelfth century by so credible and well- 
informed a man as Giraldus Cambrensis (///>/., 2) in the same undoubting way as De Braose 



HISTORY OF GLAMORGANSHIRE- lESTYN AP GWRGANT. 31 

or Newmarch is named, and the subsequent power and influence of his sons in the wars 
which wasted Brecknock are plainly implied. He was a man of so great consideration that 
his contemporaries, Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Gruffydd ap Cynan, and Rhys ap Tewdwr (after- 
wards his opponent and victim), all princes of Wales, in determining who should thenceforth 
be considered " founders of royal tribes " in Wales, ranked him along with themselves and 
Elystan Glodrydd, ruler of the country between the Wye and the Severn, as entided to that 
dignity. We in these days may think that a prominence was thus accorded to lestyn which 
he little deserved ; but we are bound to allow that these princes were the best judges of 
what should be done, and must yield to the evidence involved in their decision — unless 
indeed we covet the distinction which some have won by coolly setting aside the authority of 
Vaughan of Hengwrt, and boldly denying that such a census was ever made. Instances are 
not wanting of incredulity being carried to such a point of credulity. lestyn's reality and 
position are also witnessed to by numerous genealogical records of much antiquity, results of 
the labours of authorized genealogists, whereby many old families have traced their descent 
from the sept of lestyn. Of course a stupid or ignorant prejudice may deny the value of 
these records ; but such denial is not history. 

We need not trouble ourselves with the minor criticism some writers indulge in respect- 
ing the want of accordance in the different chroniclers as to the dates of lestyn ap 
Gwrgant's chief operations. It is quite enough to know, on the authority of respectable 
chronicles, that he engaged in war with Rhys ap Tewdwr, Prince of South Wales, and was 
joined in this enterprise by the sons of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, late Prince of North Wales. 
This was about a.d. 1088, or perhaps a year or two later, — a most active stage, and nearly 
the last, in lestyn's life. And that this chronology of his life is substantially accurate, despite 
the entry in the JBook of Aberpergwm which makes lestyn marry the daughter of Bleddyn 
ap Cynfyn as early as a.d. 994, is made plain by the reference made by Giraldus Cambrensis 
just a century later (a.d. 1188) to the sons of lestyn. He says that the sons of Iest)ai had 
been engaged in " a great war in which nearly all the province " of Brecheinioc " was 
destroyed." Now this "great war" had evidently occurred after lestyn's time, because it 
was under the leadership, not of him, but of his sons, Caradoc, Madoc, Hywel, and Rhys, 
or some of them ; and Giraldus alludes to it as a war which had already in 1188, when he 
traversed the locality, long passed away and become a matter of history. This kind of 
indirect evidence is always valuable, and coming in this instance from a man so observant 
and so well versed in the affairs of South Wales, is more to be depended upon than entries 
in chronicles. The war alluded to was doubtless the great struggle of the natives of 
Brecheinioc against the Norman, Bernard Newmarch, who, according to the Annales 
Cambria^ came to Brecheinioc in 1091 (see p. 66), a date which, whether strictly accurate 
or one or two years too early, most likely synchronizes with the conquest of Glamorgan by 
Fitzhamon. lestyn ap Gwrgant is held to have fled the country on his defeat by Fitzhamon 
near Cardiff, and is variously reported to have died, having first wandered to Glastonbury 
and then to Bath, at Keynsham, or, as said by the Book of Aberper^wm^ " in the monastery 
of Llangenys in Gwent," and the leadership of the patriots by his sons, at the time implied 
by Giraldus's allusion, is therefore in itself probable and consistent. 

Then, however, comes the question. What hand had lestyn ap Gwrgant in bringing 
Fitzhamon and his Norman companions to Glamorgan? The usual and long-established 



32 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

account represents the Norman invasion of this part as the enterprise of a number of knightly 
adventurers who first entered as auxiliaries to lestyn in his unequal contest with Rhys ap 
Tewdwr, but afterwards, having assisted him through that difficulty, turned upon him and 
took possession of his country on their own account The story holds a curious analogy to 
that of the conquest of Kent by Hengist and Horsa ; and lestyn ap Gwrgant forms a parallel 
with Vortigem, the traitor in the general history of Britain. The bad odour attaching to 
lestyn's character is owing to his inviting the Norman knights to the country, and his breach 
of contract with Einion ap Cadivor ap Collwyn, or Einion ap Collw)ai, his successful agent at 
the court of Rufus, in refusing him his daughter's promised hand, and thus instigating Einion 
to retaliate by persuading Fitzhamon to hurl him and his race from the seat of power. 
This is the version, without precise date, of the Book of Aberpergwm — a document of common 
origin with Brut y Tywysogion^ but marked by a painful confusion of chronology; the Brut 
oj leuan Brechfa, under a.d. 1090 ; and the " lolo MSS." But neither the Annales Cambria 
nor Caradoc's Brut y Tywysogion give this or any other story of the conquest of Glamorgan, 
although both narrate the overthrow of Rhys ap Tewdwr by " the French (Normans) of 
Brecheinioc/' 

Now, however unreasonable or uncritical appears, after investigation, the theory that 
lestyn ap Gwrgant was not a man of prominent and unhappy notoriety in Glamorgan about 
the time of its conquest, and however clear it is that he had a hand in favouring the first 
operations of the Normans in these parts, it is still to be admitted that iht/orm of the story 
renders it liable to some suspicion, and makes proof of its substantive truth, from what data 
are available, necessary. Students of antiquity, though proverbially devotees of the old, 
are now and then covetous of the applause won by discoverers. Mr. Floyd has recently 
made an ingenious attempt {Journ, Archceoi, Institute^ xxviii., 293) to prove " that the war in 
which South Wales (including Morganwg) was conquered" was not the work of Robert 
Fitzhamon and his twelve more or less companion knights, but " was a national war," in 
which " William Rufus personally took part." 

This new account is more liable to question than the old. It is sustained only by slender 
intimation and conjectural reasoning, while the other is handed down by clear, definite, and 
not improbable record. At the same time a careful examination of all the data within 
reach inclines us to believe that neither account need be entirely rejected, but that by the 
omission of the questionable points of each they are capable of being so blended as to form 
a consistent history; We are far from thinking that William Rufus in person superintended 
the conquest of Glamorgan, or that he ever conquered South Wales ; at the same time the 
work was not done by adventurer knights without the cognizance and authority of the king. 
The known practice of feudal warfare, and the method notoriously adopted by the Norman 
kings on the marches of Wales of having conquests effected for them and not by them — as 
shown by Sir John Dodridge, hereafter cited, — are consistently adumbrated in the older 
account : the fact that the king claimed thcf land, and that no vassal could appropriate a foot 
square without authority of his liege, necessitates the belief that Rufus's authority afid 
.sanction sounded in every deed of Fitzhamon, De Londres, and St Quentin, and made the 
conquest of Glamorgan in tliis sense a conquest by Rufus the king and not by these knights ; 
but this is a view not contradictory of the account of the Bruts. In dealing with this subject 
the following points are to be borne in mind : — 



NORMAN CONQUEST OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 33 

1. The subjugation of Glamorgan was not a separate and solitary undertaking, but was 
one of a series of operations conducted by the Normans against Wales. William the Bastard 
himself, according to Brut y Tywysogiotiy was already, as far back as a.d. 1080, entitled, in 
some inexact sense, to the designation Brmin y Saeson ar Brytanyeit — " King of the Saxons 
and Britons," — a title which he had probably obtained more by policy and the inspiration of 
fear than by force, for we know that there had been no proper conquest. Before even this 
date, between a.d. 1070 and 1080, he had sought popularity and power in Wales by making 
a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. David, partly influenced, perhaps, by the belief which grew 
into a proverb, that two pilgrimages to St. David's were equal in merit to one to Rome, — 

*' Roma semel quantum, bis dat Menevia tantum,'* — 

but not without the shrewd intention of making the " Britons " think him a very religious 
king ; perhaps also, as the year last mentioned was within seven of the last of his life, he 
might begin to feel that he had nearly had enough of blood and tyranny, and that the shadow 
of the great coming mystery made him sober. 

Brut y Tywyscgion informs us that "the French (Normans) devastated Ceredigion, 
Dyfed, and St. David's, and that Bangor was spoiled by the Gentiles (Danes);" and the 
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle^ under date 1081, states, " This year the king led an army into Wales, 
and there he set free many hundred persons ; " but the part of Wales is not specified; probability 
is very strong in favour of the North ; but even allowing it to be South, it might be only 
Morganwg or the borders. In a eulogium on the Conqueror the same chronicle says, 
" The land of the Britons was under his sway, and he built castles therein." These were 
certainly not in the South. Thus in less than twenty years after the battle of Hastings 
William's devouring appetite was itching for Wales, while as yet the whole of England had 
scarcely been swallowed, much less digested ; but the evidence is overwhelming that his 
gains only amounted to a bare recognition of feudal superiority and occasional payment of 
tribute, while the native princes continued to rule. 

2. On the other hand, it is to be borne in mind very specially that the Conqueror and 
his successors pursued a somewhat exceptional policy with respect to the subjugation of 
Wales. It is clear that they looked upon it not merely as a different country and nationality, 
but as a hard and sharp substance to deal with. Having much on hand at home, in 
Normandy, and in Scotland, they sought some byway and auxiliary means of dealing with the 
proud and fiery Welsh, and conceived the happy idea of calling into play that arm of the 
feudal system which had the appearance of acting occasionally independently of the royal 
head. Authority was given to vassal lords to push their fortunes on the borders of Wales. 
The king's army was not at their bidding. Their men-at-arms, their own retainers, and all 
who coveted plunder and new settlements might join them; they might enter Wales 
wherever the sword made an opening for them, overturn the native and rightful authority, 
build their castles on the steeps or on the plains, and assume the power to rule, bound only 
to the acknowledgment of the king of England as supreme lord. It was precisely repeating 
on a smaller scale the Conqueror's own descent upon England. By an assurance of infinite 
audacity, William of Normandy took leave to consider the land of Britain as his own, to give 
it to whom he would, if only by longer sword and stronger' arm he could take it. His 
speech to his army on the field of Hastings, " Remember to fight well and put all to death. 



34 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

for if we conquer we shall be all rich ; what I gain, you will gain ; if I conquer, you will 
conquer ; if I take their land, you shall have it,** was reflected in the letters of marque issued 
for plunder and murder in Wales. Then it was that the first Norman earls were settled at 
Chester, Shrewsbury, Hereford, and Montgomery, in almost distinct sovereignty ; but in all 
these cases, except the last named, the country had been already preliminarily conquered by 
the imperial army. The Lords Marchers in South Wales, in Glamorgan, Brecknock, 
Cydweli, Pembroke, Cardigan, &c, were not settled in the same manner ; they were sent 
more like filibusters, against all law except " the law of the strongest," authorized to murder 
and pillage, and subject to indignity and servitude the rightful and unoffending possessors 
of the land. It was a feature of the tiroes, a natural and almost necessary operation of the 
feudal order of things. 

While, therefore, in the subjugation of Morganwg Rufus's will may well be allowed to be 
the paramount moral and political force, it by no means follows that the work was not done 
by Fitzhamon, as a military leader, for the profit of himself and his companions, and in 
conjunction at first with lestyn ap Gwrgant, and that thus the representations of the early 
Cymric records are substantially correct. % 

But is not this view rendered untenable by clear statements of direct conquest oi 
Glamorgan by William Rufus in person ? Nothing of the sort. The idea of such a conquest 
is a mere inference, from data p>eculiarly scanty and inadequate. The Ang/a-Saxon Chroniile^ 
although it follows with some minuteness the movements of Rufus in these years, makes no 
allusion to his visiting South Wales or Morganwg, or even preparing an army or expedition 
to invade them. In 1091 he goes to Normandy " bent upon his brother Robert's ruin," and 
then returns to invade Malcolm, king of Scotland. In 1092 he goes "northward to Carlisle 
with a large army," and here repairs the city and builds a castle. In 1093 " King William 
was very sick at Gloucester, insomuch that he was universally reported to be dead." And 
yet, without a syllable of evidence, in this year he is held to have conquered South Wales ! 
He was long recovering from this illness, for he is still at Gloucester in 1094, where he 
" holds his court." Here he receives "messages out of Normandy from his brother Robert;" 
and " at Candlemas proceeds to Hastings and embarks for Normandy." Not a hint through 
all these years has the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle about any invasion or thought of South Wales — 
an omission quite incredible in a chronicle which so assiduously follows Rufus's movements, 
if he had actually himself been engaged in systematic aggression and conquest in this 
important part of the country. 

In fact, the king's hands were more than full with the troubles occasioned by Malcolm of 
Scotland (" Moel Cwlwm, brenin y Picteit ar Albanyeit," — Brut y Tywysog,) and Robert of 
Normandy, and his own state of health was such that the extra care of an expedition into 
Wales was by no means likely to be undertaken by him. On the other hand, and for these 
same reasons, the probability is strong that his sanction would be given to any adventurous 
knights who might wish to do the work. Thus the vraisemblance of the native account here 
is highly interesting. 

As we have said, no facts are recorded in any chronicles of value to sustain the contrary 
theory. That William was sick at Gloucester in 1092 or 1093 is no proof that he was 
directing warlike operations at Cardiff or Brecknock. That he was torn by anxiety by the 
proceedings of his brother in Normandy, and was obliged as soon as his strength allowed to 



NORMAN CONQUEST OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 35 

hurry across the Channel, lends no probability to the notion that he was busy in personally 
conducting a general conquest of South Wales. That in 1092 according to the Annales 
Cambria^ or in 1094 according to the Anglo-Saxon ChronicU^ the Welsh rose in arms against 
the Normans, and demolished all their castles in Demetia and Ceredigion except Pembroke 
and Rhyd-Cors (probably near Carmarthen) — a fact confirmed, without date, by Brut y 
Tyutysogion^ is only indirect proof that the Normans had here and there established positions 
and temporarily imposed their yoke on districts, but is no proof whatever that such yoke 
was not imposed by the Lords Marchers in the name of the king, but without his formal 
co-operation, and without aid of his treasury or his troops. It is true, as Giraldus tells us 
(///«., ii., i), that William did at some time or other penetrate, as his father had done before 
him, as far as St. David's, when he uttered his threat of crossing over on a bridge of boats to 
conquer Ireland; but how many years after the conquest of Glamorgan that visit to 
St. David's took place, or whether it was a hostile visit, we are not told, and therefore the 
fact as quoted in proof of conquest is utterly beside the mark. So of the order he gave 
Fitz-Baldwin to erect the castle of Rhyd-Cors ; such an order does not imply the presence 
of the king at the place. No evidence is producible that William Rufus conducted an 
armed force from Gloucester to St. David's, or superintended in person the subjugation of 
any part of South Wales. On his return from the journey to Normandy above noticed, he 
is known to have conducted, in 1095, an expedition into Wales (see Anglo-Saxon Chronicle)^ 
but it was solely into North Wales. In 1097 he again entered Wales "with a great 
army," vowing, as Florence of Worcester informs us, " the destruction of every male in the 
country ;" he remained there, if the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is correct, " from midsummer till 
near August, to his great loss in men and horses and many other things," and " seeing that he 
could not effect his purpose, returned into England ["vacuus ad sua reddit" — AnnalCambr.\ 
and forthwith caused castles to be built on the Marches." But this expedition also was into 
North Wales. He found it easier to build castles and plant garrisons on points he had 
reached than conquer the people. But even if he had done more than conduct a great 
army, and fail of effecting his purpose in the North, that were no proof of conquest in 
Glamorgan; and we may be sure that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle^ which is so careful in 
noting Rufus's doings in this country, even when they isstded infailurey would not have passed 
in silence a victorious campaign in South Wales, had it ever oc9urred. In fine, we have yet 
to wait for the smallest modicum of evidence that Rufus was in any other sense than through 
the agency of the Lords Marchers the conqueror of any part of South Wales. 

That Robert Fitzhamon not only helped lestyn ap Gwrgant against Rhys ap Tewdwr, 
but subsequently drove lestyn himself from his lordship, taking possession of it in Rufus's 
name and by his authority, is the only conclusion we can come to, and this conclusion 
harmonizes as far as desirable the two apparently conflicting views we have noticed. The 
conquest was William's in effect, Fitzhamon's and his companions' in reality. A conquest 
so effected would be in harmony with feudal custom, and congruous with the whole sub- 
sequent settlements of the Marchers at Cydweli, Pembroke, Cemmaes (Pemb.), Cardigan, 
Aberystwyth, and the contemporary settlement of Newmarch at Brecknock. 

Upon this subject the opinion of the learned Sir John Dodridge is worth citing : — " As 
touching the government of the Marches of Wal^s, it appeareth by divers ancient monuments 
that the Conqueror, after he had conquered the English, placed divers of his Norman 



36 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

nobility upon the confines and borders towards Wales, and erected the earldom of Chester, 
being upon the borders of North Wales, to palatine, and gave powers unto the said persons 
thus placed to make such conquest upon the Welsh as they by their strength could accom- 
plish, holding it a very good policy thereby not only to encourage them to be more willing 
to serve him, but also to provide for them at other men's cost; and hereupon further 
ordained that the land so conquered should be holden of the Crown of England in cqpite. 
In such manner did Robert Fitzhamon acquire unto himself and such others as assisted him 
the whole lordship of Glamorgan, usuig in some semblance the Roman policy to enlarge 
territories by stepping in between two competitors, and by helping the one [meaning, of 
course, lestyn, as against Rhys ap Tewdwr] he subdued the other, and after turning the 
sword against him whom he had assisted, made himself absolute owner of all. Likewise 
Bernard Newmarch conquered the lordship of Brecknock, containing three cantreds, and 
established his conquest by a marriage with Nest, daughter of Trahaem ap Llywelyn, in 
the Welsh blood." {Gov, of Wales and the Marches, p. 37.) 

Nothing worthy of the name of a " conquest " of South Wales had taken place 
when Giraldus wrote his Topographia Cambria (probably about a.d. 1190), for he shows the 
greatest desire to instruct the Normans how to accomplish a work which he seemed to 
consider so desirable, and gives elaborate directions how the people should be governed if 
once conquered (see cap. 8 and 9). " The prince who would wish to subdue this nation," 
he says, " and govern it in peace, must proceed thus : he must make up his mind to give 
unjleviating attention to this purpose for at least one year ; for a people who, with a collected 
force, will neither attack in the field nor wait to be besieged in castles, is not to be overcome 
at the first onset, but to be worn out by prudent delay and patience." Then, further 
implying that the work was yet to be done, he proceeds, " This portion of the kingdom, 
protected by arms and courage, might be of great use to the prince, not only in these or the 
adjacent parts, but, if necessity required, in more remote regions ; and although the public 
treasury might receive a smaller annual revenue from these provinces, yet the deficiency 
would be fully compensated by the peace of the kingdom and the honour of its sovereign, 
especially as the heavy and dangerous expenses of one military expedition into Wales 
usually amount to the whole income arising from the revenue of the province." 



The SiHlements of the Twelve Knights. 

It is allowed on all hands that Fitzhamon took up his abode and built his castle at 
Cardiff, the ancient seat of the native princes of Morganwg, with the st/ongholds of Tre- 
fufered and Cynffig, and the lands thereto appertaining, in addition. (Brut y Tywysog,) The 
remainder of the fair and fertile " Vale," — 

" Morgania tellus, 
Pulchra situ, frugumque ferax, amoena locorum *' {PeniarcMc^^ 

was partitioned among his companion knights, who probably in many instances had to 
take possession at the point of the sword, while in others,, where the rightful owners had 



HISTORY OF GLAMORGANSHIRE-THE TWELVE LORDSHIPS. 



37 



fallen in war, and were represented only by widows and orphans, the task was easy. The 
names of these new possessors, with the manors they claimed, have come down to our time 
— in a few instances made ever-enduring by the impress of local names. In the Bruis they 
are given as follows : — 



Name, 



Robert Fitzhamon 



William de Londres [so colled because bom in London] 

Richard de Granvyl [otherwise Granvil, Grenfyld, Granville 1 

Paganus de Turbervill 

Robert de St. Quintin . 

Richard de Syward . . ^ . 



Gilbert de Humfrevill . 

Reginald de Sully 

Roger de Berkrolles, or ** Berclos" 

Peter le Soore .... 

John le Fleming .... 

Oliver de St. John 

William de Esterling [corrupted Stradling\ 



Possession, 

Caerdyf, Trefufered, Cenffig, with their sur- 
rounding lands. 

Ogmor [W., Aber-ogwr. He afterwards re- 
moved to Cydweli, where he built a castle]. 

N6dd, Castell-Nedd (Neath). 

Coyty [Coed-ty, near Bridgend]. 

Llanblethian \ox St. Quintin^ s\ 

Talafan, or Tal y Fariy and the royal burgh of 
Pont-faen [Cowbridge]. 

Penmark — Penmarch. 

Sully — A bersilL 

East Orchard — St. Athan's. 

Peterston — Uanbedr ar Fro, 

St. George — Uanyfelwyn, 

Fonmon — A berbernant. 

St. Donates — Uatnverydd, 



It is very remarkable how soon the blood of these foreign settlers vanished from Glamor- 
ganshire. Fitzhamon himself, dying after twelve years of possession, left no son, and his 
daughter, Mabel, carried his wealth to Robert, Earl of Gloucester, natural son of Henry I. 
by Nest, daughter of Prince Rhys ap Tewdwr. In the sixteenth century the Stradhngs were 
the only famil) descended in the male line from the Norman chieftains, and even these have 
long ago passed away. (See Stradling of St, Donafs,) By female descent the name Tur- 
bervill still continues in the county — a solitary relic of a long and distinguished line (see 
Coity Castky and Ewenny Abbey), 

The lands of Glamorgan being thus partitioned between his companions in arms, Fitz- 
hamon is said to have displayed some generosity — a thing quite unusual with his race — 
towards a few of the foiled and deprived native chieftains, and, as was natural, towards the 
native leaders who had rendered him material assistance. Chief of the latter class, Einion 
ap Cadivor ap Collwyn, useful to him at the Norman court, as well as in the field, had 
assigned him, along with Miskin, the hill stronghold of Smghenydd (St. Cenydd), which in 
after times grew into celebrity and vast proportions (see Caerphilly Castle), Others have 
said that the lordship alone was given to Einion, and that Fitzhamon kept the castle to him- 
self. Of the former class were the sons of lestyn ap Gwrgant, four in number, who had 
each a portion of territory ; Caradoc receiving Aberafan, and " the whole country between 
the rivers N6dd and Afan, in the lordship of Rial;" Madoc receiving the lordship of 
" Rhuthyn ; " Hywel, Llantrithyd ; and Rhys, the lordship of Soflen, between the rivers 
N^dd and Tawe. Another chie^cain, supposed to be of the native race, Rotpert ap 
Seisyllt, received " the lordship of Maes Essyllt," the locality of "which cannot be with cer- 
tainty determined. These are the dispositions made to the Welsh leaders, according to 
Brut y Tywysogion (Aberpergwm copy), the correctness of which is not impeached by its 
comparison with the extentce recently discovered at the Public Record Office, which are of 
so late a date as the reign of Henry HI. 

The government set up by Robert Fitzhamon was all but absolutely centred in himself 



3S GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

He held his monthly court at Cardiff Castle, where he heard plaints and gave decisions in 
matters civil and criminal, and received appeals against decisions of the subordinate barons, 
who, each in his own lordship, likewise exercised jurisdiction. As he held from the king, so 
they held from him, and owed him fealty and service. The tenure of Fitzhamon, Newmarch, 
and the other chief lords of the Marches of Wales, differed in several points from that of the 
English barons, for the latter held by charters granted in writing by the sovereign, wherein 
the boundaries of their lands and the laws according to which they were to rule were 
explicitly laid down ; whereas the lords of the Marches, having fought and won on their 
own account, held in a sense by right of conquest, without charters, and with a greater 
measure of independence. The reason of this exceptional advantage on the part of the 
chief Lord Marchers is said to have been that until their lands were gained by adventure it 
was impossible for the king to issue a definite charter, and when the conquest had been 
made the successful knight preferred not to apply for a charter which would only limit his 
own liberty of rule and further conquest. 

It is, however, not to be understood that this freedom was enjoyed by the less prominent 
barons in Wales, and especially in the later conquests. In the inspeximus of a " Deed 
from King Edward to Roger Mortymer of Gene'r-glyn," &c., authorizing " the exchange 
between Llewelyn, son of the said Roger, and Jeffrey Clement, for Coetmor" (see further, 
p. 169), we have a sample of instruments of the kind occasionally met with. But they are 
rare, and it is said that none have been discovered relating to the chief early Marchers before 
the conquest of Wales by Edward. 

Of the peculiar privileges of jurisdiction enjoyed by these local reguli Sir John Dodridge, 
referring pointedly to Fitzhamon, Newmarch, and Hugh de Lacy, says, " And because 
they and their posterity might the better keep the said lands so acquired . . . the said 
lordships and lands so conquered were ordained Baronies Marchers^ and had a kind of 
palatine jurisdiction erected in every of them, and power to administer justice unto 
their tenants \tetientes — men holding land in fief] in every of their territories, having therein 
courts with divers privileges. . . So that the writs of ordinary justice out of the king's 
courts were for the most part not current amongst them." (Gov, of Wales and Marches^ 
p. 38.) These privileges, termed yz/rdf regalia^ reflections of the absolutist and summary rule 
of the Norman in England, empowered the lord to make as well as administer law in his 
own territory. Some of the harsher features of this rule were witnessed in Newmarch's 
government of Brecknock. 

But strong as was the Norman baron's arm, the spirit of the Welsh in many instances 
refused to bend to new-made or foreign laws, even when their land had been taken from 
them, and they were allowed to hold and cultivate only on condition of doing homage to 
the pillager. Wounded and prostrate, they yet turned on their overthrower a look of 
defiance which made him tremble and grant their demands. They claimed government 
according to their own laws and customs. In cases this was fully, in others partially granted, 
in some refused; and we find to this day in use those mysterious designations of neighbour- 
ing districts, as Wallicana or Angiicana^ Welsh or English^ Welsherie or Englisherie^ which 
had their origin in these practices. We find in Glamorganshire Coity Anglicana and Coity 
Wallicana, Avan Anglicana and Avan Wallicana; and in Breconshire, Haia Wallicana, 
" the Welsh Hay," and Haia Anglicana ; English Talgarth and Welsh Talgarth, &c. A 



HISTORY— TIMES SUCCEEDING THE CONQUEST. 39 

district which refused to be governed by any but the ancient laws of the country were 
called Welsh and " Welsherie," and vice versa, Fitzhamon himself was besieged in his own 
castle of Cardiff on this very question, and compelled to give way. Even Turbervill, of 
Coity, one of his own knights, but who had identified himself with the Cymry by marrying 
the heiress of Coity (see Coity Castle)^ had joined and led the insurrection. The account, 
as given in £rui y Tywysogion (Book of Aberpergwm), a.d. 1091, says, "The men of 
Morgan wg and Gwaen-llwg arose en masse ["ynun Uu"], overthrew the castles of the French, 
killing nearly all the defenders, and Paen Twrbil, lord of the castle of Coety, was leader X)f 
the people of the country. He would not hold his lands except in right of his wife, the 
heiress of Meurig ap Gruffydd ap lestyn ; he led his hosts to Caer-Dydd, and began to 
destroy the castle. When Robert ap Amon [Fitzhamon] beheld this and asked the reason, 
Paen Twrbil made known that the Cymry would only consent to be governed according to 
the ancient privileges and customs of their country and the laws of Howel Dda, and would 
have their land free [/. ^., free from socage, or military service] ; and on account of the 
greatness of the multitude, Robert deemed it well to follow the course that would satisfy the 
Cymry. The country then had rest ; Paen Twrbil held his lands and privileges by right 
of his wife ; the people of the country held their lands free, and properly enjoyed their 
privileges and customs, as they had always done before the time of the French. When this 
state of things was fully settled in Morganwg, many of the Welsh nation came from South 
Wales and North Wales to Morganwg, to enjoy a quieter life than was found in the other 
countries." 



Times succeeding the Conquest. 

Fitzhamon was a favourite at the Norman court, and through his brief government ot 
some dozen years in Glamorgan was both a considerate and successful ruler. He was raised 
to the dignity of Earl of Gloucester ; after the death of Rufus became a strong partisan of 
Henry I. against his brother Robert of Normandy ; and upon his capture Robert was com- 
mitted as prisoner to his keeping at Cardiff Castle, where he remained for many years. Fitz- 
hamon having no son, the lordship of Glamorgan went with his daughter Mabel, who was 
espoused by Henry's illegitimate son, Robert of Gloucester. Though a Welshman on his 
mother's side, being the son of Nest, of more prominent than attractive fame, the daughter of 
the fallen Rhys ap Tewdwr, Robert attempted to rivet more closely rather than loosen the 
feudal chains which Fitzhamon had rather easily placed on the limbs of Morganwg ; but he 
found that the people retained some notion of liberty while owning fealty and moderate 
service to Norman lords, and the result was a mighty rising of the country, the investment 
and storming of Cardiff Castle, and finally the release of Robert upon his making solemn 
oath to respect the laws and immunities of the natives. 

For a long time Glamorgan remained a part of the possessions of the earldom of 
Gloucester. It was often subject to violent commotions, the spirit of the people remaining 
' strongly national and independent, persistent and often successful in claiming the restitution 
of ancient privileges. Still, from the iron grasp of the feudal system they were not able to 
free themselves. That form of society prevailed for at least two centuries, and substantially 
continued till the radical change introduced by the eighth Henry. 



40 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

To the 46th of Henry III., or a.d. 1262, belong a $eriesof interesting documents recently 
disinterred at the Public Record Office (Wallia, Bag I., No. 15), and proofs of which 
through the kindness of Mr. Burtt, have been placed in our hands. These consist of 
Extent(Zy or " returns," ten in number, from the district of Morganwg and Gwent, their 
object being, as usual, to ascertain under royal command ("per preceptum domini regis") the 
value of the Earl of Gloucester's feudal rights in these parts, in order to find a basis upon 
which to calculate the king's claim to revenue from the same. Those in Glamorgan relate 
to Cardiff (" Kairdiff "), Llantrisant (" Lantrissen "), Llangonyd (" Languniht "), Neath 
(" Neht "), and Llanillt>d and Llysworney (" Laniltwit and Liswrini "). The Norman 
spelling of names of places and persons shows a commendable attempt at imitating the 
native articulation. The returns show what dues were receivable by the lord from burgage 
rents, from free tenants and cotters, from market tolls, fairs, courts of law, demesne lands, 
and mills, as well as obligations of labour in harvest-time, and in repairing implements of 
husbandry, &c., for the lord. A board or jury of inquisitors — the modem name would be 
** Commissioners of Taxes " — was ordained in each lordship to conduct the investigation and 
render report on oath (" per sacramentum "). These in Cardiff, judging from their names — 
Robert Upedyke, Stephen Bagedrip, Richard Lude, and nine others, — were all of foreign 
blood, taken probably from castle officials and dependants, for at that time Cardiff consisted 
of little else ; but in other places they were as exclusively Welsh, as will be seen in the 
example of " I-antrissen." This shows that a kind of rough impartiality as regarded the 
nationality of the " commissioners " was observed. At " Neht " they are quite mixed ; and 
at " Languniht " all Welsh. The importance of the miii-ioW (molendinum) is very obvious, 
for at Cardiff, while the return for the town is only ;^2o 4s. 8d., the mill-tolls yield the 
respectable sum of £^6. The advowson of the parish is not forgotten. It is clear that 
there had been recent fighting, and the superiority of peace over war is implied when the 
Llantrisant mill, which now produces of available dues only twenty shillings^ " tenjpore 
pacis " yielded twaity marks. Another mill, whose customary value was also twenty marks, 
is regretfully mentioned as wholly burnt down and destroyed (" combustum est etdestructum 
omnino ") ; while not fewer than a hundred houses in Llantrisant alone had been ruined by 
war. This inquisition had probably been made after one of the frequent incursions of the 
Welsh into the lordship. We give first the Llantrisant return : — 

"EXTENTA DE LaNTRISSEN. 

" Extenta de Lantrissen per preceptum domini Regis &cta per sacramentum Howell Vochan, Ivor ab 
Cacherot, Lewelin ab Meuric, Yorverht ab Adam, Yvwan ab Yssac, Yorverht ab Wrgeneo, Yorverht Vochan, 
Lewelin ab Howell, Griffid Gdch ab Lewelin, Philip ab Lewelin, Yvwan ab Wiann, et Ghfiid Gdch ab 
Howell. Qui jurati dicunt quod, — 

Redditus burgi est xiij* iiij' 

Et de redditibus liberorum et rusticorum x" o o 

Et de auxilio ad lardarium xv o 

Et pro molendino de Brosseley iij iiij 

Et dominicum debile continet v carucatas terre valet tempore pars 1 o 

Et vij acre more que potest falcari viij viij 

Et de piscaria U <^ 

Et de j Molendino xx o 

Et de Forestariis x o 

Et de servicio rusticorum in autumpno xiij iiij 



t 



HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES— FEUDAL CHARGES. 41 

Et de pannagio iiij o 

Et de redditu plumbi x o 

Et de Trewem et Lanveir ad auxilium ad lardarium vj o 

Et de redditu et servicio liberorum et rusticorum captorum de tenementis de Sancti Fagano Ixiij ix ob 

Et de erbagio ibidem \ x o 

Et de terra locata ibidem xix o 

Et de redditu Adaaf ab Yvor pro j esperuario U ^^ 

Et de placitis et perquisitis curiarum x" o o 

Summa xxxij" x* v** 

" Et est ibi advocacio ecclesie de Lantrissen que valet xx marcas et pertinet ad Comitem. Et advocacio 
ecclesie de Pentirech que valet iiij marcas. Et memorandum quod predictum molendinum tempore pacis solet 
valere xx marcas. Et aliud molendinum quod ibidem similiter solet valere xx marcas combustam est et 
destructum omnino. Et C. mansiones sunt ibidem destructe et de gwerra. Et memorandum quod filii Morgan 
Cadewalthan habent Glynrotheni.'' 

Then follow the signatures of the jury, " Howel Vochan,'* &c., as above ; with certain 
names omitted, not being within call, perhaps, at the time. 

When a hundred dwellings lay in ruins in Llantrisant alone, we may judge of the 
devastating character of the " gwerra *' carried on between the recalcitrating Welsh and their 
Norman lords ; and also that the population of the parts was not very sparse. The sons of 
Morgan Cadwallon, here mentioned as in possession of Glynrothen, were doubtless men of 
some note ; but whether holding their lands in fee to the lord of Morganwg, or in defiance 
of him, the word " habent " is scarcely sufficient to show. 

Welsh proper names in this foreign dress give us a clue to the Welsh pronunciation of 
the thirteenth century. " Vochan " not only detects Fychan (junior, little) on its way to the 
modem Vaughan, but plainly tells that the Cymric y was sounded in those days in 
Morganwg in the broad way still preserved in North Wales. The b in the patronymic ab 
also shows that this contrast to the ap of the North is not of recent birth. " Yowan '* is 
levan beginning to assume the fonp Owen ; and " Yorvcrht " intimates the existence even 
then of the terminal aspirate now represented by th^ but then attempted to be represented by 
A/. The same is observable in ** Neht '* below. 

"EXTENTA DE NeHT [Ncdd]. 

" Extenta de Neht per preceptum domini Regis facta per sacramentum Henrici Vochan, Madoc ab Rees, 
Lewelin ab Hailon, Cradouc ab Wasmeir, Cradouc ab Wrgan, Madanev ab Yorverht, Mauricii Molendinarii, 
Gilberti Cachevrench, Rees ab Ithenerht, Johannis le Wogare, Petri de Comdune, Ade Huse. Qui 
dicunt quod, — 

De redditu burgensium et Cotariorum cxij* o* 

Et de redditu libere tenendum forinsecorum ; . . . xyj o 

Et de redditu Walensium xxxij x ob 

Et de Molendino xl o 

Et dominicum parvum et debile valet xiij x 

Et de xiij acris prati , YJ vj 

Et de prisis cervisie • . . . v o 

Et de tholoneo xij 

Et de gurgite et piscaria vj viij 

Et de finibus et perquisitis curiarum xx o 

Summa xij** xiij* xj'ob 

" Et est advocacio ecclesie ibidem de Neht pertinens ad Comitem que valet x marcas. Et molendinum 
supradictum tempore pacis solet valere ix marcas \ — ^'j 6s. 8d., but now, alas ! only forty shillings]. Et 
vij" et X mansiones [150 dwellings] ibidem sunt combuste et destructe per guerram." 

Then follow the names of the jury of returns, " Henricus Vochan," &c 



42 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Thus we see, without quoting further from these valuable documents now being prepared 
for publication in the forthcoming Journal of the Archaological Institute, that the inhabitants 
of Glamorgan in the thirteenth century were generally placed under the conditions of feudal 
service. Those who held lands, held under the then lord of the district, the Earl of 
Gloucester, and a large proportion of the inhabitants were probably of the free villein class ; 
but it is improbable that any were reduced to the low condition of the theowes of the Anglo- 
Saxons. The Norman demand was not for absolute property in the person, and his 
degradation into a chattel, but that in return for his freedom, his holding of land, his keeping 
a mill, or enjoying an ecclesiastical benefice, he should pay so much tribute or service to his 
gracious superior. Adaaf ab Yvor at Llantrisant, if he must indulge in the luxury of sport 
with a sparrow-hawk^ might go to the lord*s woods and take game, but he must pay for the 
pleasure " two shillings " to dominus Rex. His reverence, the cure of Llantrisant, in those 
sunny days for priests, might go about, as Piers Plowman has it, — 



or as Chaucer says, — 



" A pricker on a palfrey from manor to manor, 
An heap of hounds [behind him] an he a lord were ; 



** WTien he rode men might his bridle heare 
Gingling in a whistling wind, as clear 
And eke as loud as doth the chapelle l)elle ; 



t» 



but he must remember that he held an " advocacio " which belonged to his lord the earl 
("pertinet ad comitem"). The mill at Llantrisant, which in time of peace paid twenty marks, 
now that the war, making eaters fewer and the fields less productive, had reduced its 
custom, was allowed to go on the easier terms of " twenty shillings ; " but, no tax, no grinding. 
If the cottarii wished to fatten their hogs on acorns in the lord's forest, and thus provide 
bacon for winter (as the Welsh cottiers still are fond of doing), they must obtain this 
" auxilium ad lardarium" at the cost of "fifteen shillings." Fishing was allowed in the 
streams, ponds, and in " gurgites " (weirs ?) ; and the well-to-do Cymro, like the idlers of the 
foreign race, might while away his leisure in the " gentle art," the only penalty being ** de 
gurgite et piscaria," six shillings and eightpence, — the prototype, perhaps, of the modern 
attorney's fee for writing a letter. Though a solidus of that time was oP far greater value 
than the shilling of to-day, the imposts on the whole were moderate for an age of conquest, 
amounting perhaps to a considerably smaller per-centage than the cost of " cheap govern- 
ment '* under constitutional management in the England of to-day, where we have an income 
tax for those who have incomes, and a series of taxes, " direct and indirect," still more heavy 
for those who have no " incomes,'* but still must try to eat, be clothed, and housed. 
^ The extentce give a picture in few but expressive and faithful touches of the state of 
things in Glamorgan about the end of Henry IIL*s reign. To the west of Glamorgan, in 
Dyfed, or what in those days went by the name South Wales {JDebatbarth^ " the part to the 
right," as you looked, in the orthodox fashion of the time, to the east), things were very 
different, and not quite so bad in point of systematic subjection to a foreign yoke, albeit 
quite as bad or even worse in point of real popular suffering, by reason of the contentions 
of the various chieftains. Glamorgan, at least, had the advantage of being in some measure 
settled. We have no adequate proof that west of Glamorgan and Brecknock the principle 
of feudal tenure and service had been established ; but the Norman power had nevertheless 



HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 43 

made considerable progress since, a century earlier, Giraldus encouraged the work of 
conquest (see p. 494). The Lords Marchers had not only planted castles as temporary 
posts when making raids or hasty progresses, as facilities for retreating, but had built 
powerful and permanent fortresses, and taken possession of large districts — as at Cydweli, 
Pembroke, Cardigan, and even ancient and royal Ditufawr, Prince Edward, soon to 
become Edward I. and conqueror of Wales, was already bom ; and the coming end was 
foreshadowed in ever-deepening lines in the deprivation of the Welsh princes in succession 
of power to rule in their own name as princes^ and their reduction to the status of " lords " 
only. (See under "Carmarthenshire," p. 239.) But they had not been forbidden the form 
of rule. They had their armies, and through cunning policy were allowed to maintain their 
contentions. But their movements were at any time liable to be checked, and themselves 
to be called to account by " the King of London," and one of their chief functions was to 
collect " tribute " for that king. 

Several earls in succession had been instrumental in bringing Glamorgan into the 
condition indicated above. The Earl Robert last mentioned, son of Henry I., was followed 
by his son William, who is said by Giraldus (///«., 6) to have possessed by hereditary right, 
besides " the castle of Caerdyf, all the province of Gwladvorgan." In his time, the arch- 
deacon adds, "an extraordinary circumstance occurred at Caerdyf. The earl "had a 
dispute with one of his dependants, Ivor Bach — a man of short stature but of great 
courage," who was " owner of a tract of mountainous and woody country, of the whole or 
part of which the earl endeavoured to deprive him. At that time the castle of Caerdyf was 
surrounded with high walls, guarded by 120 men-at-arms, a numerous body of archers, and 
a strong watch. The city also contained a large number of stipendiary soldiers ; yet in 
defiance of all these precautions, Ivor, in the dead of night, secretly scaled the walls, and 
seizing the count and countess, with their only son, carried them off into the woods, nor 
did he release them until he had recovered everything that had been unjustly taken, and 
received a compensation of additional property." The story throws light on the relations 
of conqueror and conquered at the time. 

Through. Earl William's daughter, Amicia, the lordship of Glamorgan passed to the line 
of De Clare. Four of her sons followed in succession, of whom the last, Gilbert, fell at 
Bannockbum a.d. 13 14, when the lordship descended to his three sisters. About this time, 
A.D. 1315, the natives revolted ; frequent changes had weakened the proprietors; and the 
revolt was not suppressed until some feudal exactions which gave offence were removed. 
The eldest of De Clare's sisters married the rapacious Sir Hugh Despencer, who in her 
right claimed the lordship of Glamorgan. Edward IL made the Despencers his favourites, 
and advanced their views in every possible way; but the county became the scene of 
violence and confusion ; the barons confederated against the Court, ravaged Despencer's 
manors, and at last, a.d. 132 i, drove him into banishment. On the return of the 
Despencers, the younger not only obtained the restoration of his Glamorgan estates, but 
their augmentation by new grants. In the subsequent revolt of the barons, headed by 
Edward's queen and Earl Mortimer, a.d. 1327, the king, clinging to the family which was 
dragging him to ruin, rather than consult the interest of his kingdom, when Bristol was 
captured and the elder Despencer, its governor, brutally ext^cuted, embarked in company 

E 



44 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

with the young Despencer for Ireland, but being driven back to his fate by contrary winds, 
landed on the coast of Glamorgan, and took refuge in Neath Abbey. When discovered in 
this retreat, he was removed to Monmouth, and then to Kenilworth, soon after to be 
deposed ; while Despencer was taken to Hereford, and there hanged and quartered. 

Henry Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, son of Isabella Despencer, left the lordship of 
Glamorgan to his sister and heiress, Ann Beauchamp. Ann Neville, her daughter by the 
king- making Earl of Warwick and Salisbury, was espoused first to Edward, Prince of Wales, 
killed at Tewkesbury, and secondly married to Richard III., who fell on Bosworth Field, 
A.D. 1485. At this time and since the revolt to join Owen Glyndwr, the condition of the 
people was wretched. The lordship was now bestowed by the Tudor Henry VII. upon his 
uncle, Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke and Duke of Bedford, on whose demise in 1495 ^^ 
reverted to the Crown. The lordship during this interval had rest and prospered. 
Henry VIII. in his twenty-seventh year abolished the jura regalia of the Lords Marchers, 
and constituted Glamorgan a county. Thus ends the separate history of this important 
district. The Crown, however, continued after the Act of Union and the obliteration of the 
Marches to exercise extensive rights of property in the county, for it was by Edward VI. 
that numerous manors, including that of Newton Nottage, were given to Sir William Herbert, 
afterwards Earl of Pembroke (see Rev. H. H. Knight's Newton Nottage). 

In the British Museum (Harl. Coll.y Nos. 368 and 6103 Plut.) are some particulars of 
nterest bearing on the history of Glamorgan, written, judging from internal evidence, in the 
time of Mary or Elizabeth. They relate to the geography, conquest, lordships, Middle 
Age government, and later history of the district, agreeing in many points with the informa- 
tion embodied in the preceding pages, and furnishing a few new facts. The power of the 
" lorde of this lordshippe, ever since the ,wynnynge of the same," is said to embrace " the 
triall of all accions as well reall as personalle, and plees of the Crowne, and auctoritie to 
pardone all offences. Treason onlie excepted." The eleven lordships subordinate to 
Cardiff are said like that lordship itself to possess ^^jura regalia used in all thinges saving 
that yf anye falsse judgmente given in anye of the Cowrtes " of the said inferior lordship, 
*' it shoulde be reverssed by a writte of falsse judgmente in the Countie Cowrte of Glamorgan 
and Morgannok as superior Cowrte. . . . Also all matters of conscience happeninge in 
debate in any of the saide members should be hearde and determined in the Chancerie of 
Glamorgan and Morgannok before the Chancellor thereof." These terms " chancerie " and 
"chancellor'* would seem to refer to an arrangement which came into existence under 
Edward III. 

We then are told, **^The bodie of the said lordshippe of Glamorgan and Morgannok was 
before the alteracion of the lawes in Walles a countie of itsealfe, wherein the lorde had two 
Castells and three Market Townes, viz., the Castell and towne of Kenfyge, in the weste parte 
thereof, and Coubridge towne in the middeste, and the towne and Castell of Cardiff in the 
este part, in the which Castell of Cardiff the Lorde did moste inhabit, and therein he had 
his Chancerie and an escheker, and a faire Cowrte-house wherein the Countie Cowrte was 
monthlie kept on the Mondaie for all the suters of the shere fee, that is to witte, of the 
bodie of the saide lordshippe itsealfe withoute the saide members." 

Further : — " In the saide shere, or bodie of the saide Lordshippe, were 18 Castells, and 



HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES—LORDSHIP OF COWER. 45 

36 Knyghte fees and an halfe that helde of the Lordshippe of Garaorgan and Morgannok, 
by knyghte service, beside a great nombre of freeholdars. ... In eyghte of the saide 
membres were 10 Castelle and 4 borough townes." 

The date of the document is approximately implied where it says that of the eleven 
lordships, " Mr. Robarte Gamege, Esquier, occupieth one at this dai€^ descended unto hym 
from the Turbervilles, his auncestors, that is to witte, the Lordshippe of Coetye. [See under 
" Old and Extinct Families," Gamage^ Coity Castk.'\ And the heire of John Bassett enjoieth 
an other, that is to witte, the Lordshippe of Talavan by purchasse from Kinge Edwarde 
the VI." 

" And the other 9 membres with 12 of the aforesaide knyghte fees, and all the Castells, 
nikett ToNvnes and borough townes, with the demains of the same, and all the landes els 
that were in the saide Lordshippe and p'cell of the saide Lordshippe and membres, the erie 
of Pembroke hathe purchassed, so that there remaynethe nate [now to the] seignorie Lord- 
shippe of Glamorgan and Morgannok 2 m^ hands [Queen's Majesty's hands] but the moitye 
onlie of the mannor of Dynnaspoys [Dinas Powys], &c." 

Thus crown lands in Glamorgan were disposed of to the Herberts (Elarl of Pembroke) 
and the Bassets in the reign of Edward VL, and there still remained of such lands, when 
this document was written, a moiety of the manor of Dinas Powys. It is noticeable that 
here the lordship is invariably designated " of Glamorgan and Morgannok," two names 
commonly understood as synonymous, but evidently at that time not precisely so used. 
** Morgannok" comprised the hilly parts and some of the eastern district between the Rhymney 
and Usk, which on the division into counties by Henry VHL went with Monmouth. 



The Lordship of Gower. 

Gower, the ancient Gwyr^ which for many ages has been ranked a part of Glamorgan, 
in earlier times belonged to Dyfed. In the division of Wales into cantrefs and comots, 
temp, Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, Gwyr formed one of the three comots of Cantref Eginawg^ in 
Ystrad Tywi (Carmarthenshire), the others being Cydweli and Carnwyllion. But before this 
time, and subsequently to the settlement of the other Norman lords in Morganwg proper, 
the peninsula had been taken by Henry de Newburgh (Beaumont), who had obtained a 
grant of it from the English king, and conquered it by force of arms. In the Triads^ also, we 
find it laid down that Pendaran Dyfed comprised " the men of Dyfed, Gwyr, and Cere- 
digion ; " but Gwyr, in this relation, must have had wider boundaries than the peninsula of 
Gower. The river Tawe was the western limit of Morganwg up to the sixteenth century. 

In a MS. collection of charters^ and other ancient documents made by and now in the 
possession of Col. G. G. Francis, F.S.A., at Cae Bailey, Swansea, we find several documents 
bearing upon the lordship of Gower. King John, in a charter afterwards confirmed by the 
first, second, and third Edwards, gave the whole territory of Gower with all rights thereto 
belonging (" totam terram Guher, cum omnibus pertinentibus suis in Wallia ") to William de 
Braose (Breos)and his heirs for ever on terms of one knight's service. In 1305, William de 
Breos confirmed to the burgesses of Swansea all the liberties granted by his predecessors. 

In the 25th of Elizabeth, as shown in these MSS., a commission was issued '\i\ 



46 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

reference to the lordship of Gower, in which it was declared ** that the said lordshippe is 
a Lordshipp Marcher, and hath had jurisdiction royal ijura regaiid] in all poynts. trial for life, 
member, and lands taken awaie by statute onlye excepted ; and the lord thereof is to have 
wrecke /^ mare, treasure-trove, deodands, felons' goods, felons' lands, infange-thieve [A.- 
Sax., infangen-theof^ in, to take ; thief y the right to try a thief taken within a lord's fee], out- 
fange-thieve [the same right to take and try a thief from without], waife, straife, socke, 
sacke and toll, through custom of strangers' goods and graunting of cocketts for the same, 
with killage and anchorage in all his ports and creeks within the said Lordshipp." 

King James L, in his fifth year (a.d 1608). by letters patent, granted to Edward, Earl 
of Worcester, " within his borough, castle, and manor of Swansey, Oysterraouth, and 
Loughor, and also within all that his lordship and lands of Gower and Kilvey, and within 
his manor of Kebhall, and Trivdra, Lannon, Pennard, and West Gower, in the co. of 
Glamorgan, these liberties following, viz. {inter alia), that he, the said earl, his heirs and 
assigns, &c., may have the wrecks of the sea, wharfage, and tolls, within the castles, manors, 
and lordship, lands and boroughs aforesaid, &c., and that the said earl . . . may have and 
hold within the said castles, &c., all courts baron, courts leet, and have view of Frankpledge, 
and all other things which belong to Frankpledge, and all fairs, markets, tolls, &c." 

At intervals between these changes the lordship was held by several others. A later 
De Braose (Breos) sold a part of it to different purchasers, and afterwards faithlessly 
transferred the whole to the younger Despencer. It fell, after the disgrace and extinction 
of the Despencers, to the lot of Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, and afterwards to the 
Somersets, Dukes of Beaufort, who are still lords paramount of the district, a good part of 
which, however, is possessed by C. R. M. Talbot, Esq., M.P., of Penrice and Margam ; 
T. Penrice, Esq., of Kilvrough, and others. 

In the year 958, according to the Annates Cambria, Owain, of South Wales, son of 
Howel Dda, devastated Gower (Goher), then perhaps under the princes of Morgan wg ; in 
970, Einion, son of Owain, paid it a similar visit, and repeated it the year following 
("iterum vastavit Goher"). The Annates also tell us that (about a.d. 991) Owain, son 
(grandson ?) of Einion, viith a force under command of the English Edelisus, assisted by 
the South Britons (" dextralium Britonum "), ravaged the territory of Maredydd (who we 
believe was his brother), namely, " Demetia and Ceredigion, Guhir and Cydweli." Who 
the South Britons were, after deducting all these invaded districts, it is hard to conceive, 
unless they were simply the men of Ystrad Towy. The same chronicle has it that 
A.D. 1095, or thereabouts, — for the year is not specified with sufficient distinctness, the 
French (Normans) ravaged Gohir, Cydweli, and Ystrad Towy; and so complete was 
the destruction, that Dyfed, Ceredigion, and Ystrad Towy are said to have continued 
desert places. 

Of course the great Rhys ap Gruffydd, of Dinefawr, " the Lord Rhys," the most for- 
midable foe of the Norman in the South, was not a likely man to leave Gower untouched ; 
accordingly, we find in the Annates under the year 11 89 this record :—" Rhys, son 01 
Gruffydd, carried on a war in South Wales, gave Rhos and Pembroke to the flames, 
plundered Gouhir, destroyed the castle of Carnwillion, and took other castles in Dyfed." 
Nor was Gower forgotten by Llewelyn the Great (the Normans' plague in North Wales) when. 



THE FLEMISH SEITLERS IN GOWER. 47 

in 1 2 16, he made his victorious progress through the South. Swansea Castle was then the 
chief fortress in the district. The AnnaUs record the prince's visit thus : — " Llewelyn, prince 
of North Wales, moved a great army into Gower, and on the first attack took the castle of 
Swansea ; thence, along with his confederate generals, Maelgwyn, Rhys the Less, the sons 
of Gruffydd, and others, he went to Rhos." Gower had also the honour of a visit from 
Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, the last and greatest prince of Wales, in 1257 (Annai, Camb,\ 
"With a mighty army ["grandi exercitu"] he came to Cydweli, Carnwillion, and Gohir^ 
burnt the English portion of these territories, and Abertawy ; but all the Welsh of the 
same regions he made his subjects, and before Easter returned with rejoicing to his own 
country." 



The Flemish Settlers in Gower, 

The distinction noted above as made by Llewelyn between the Aiiglicat and Wallenses of 
these parts, giving the property of the former to the flames, and taking the latter under his 
own government, reminds us of the two nationalities which now inhabited Gower, often 
indicated in old records by such terms as " Gower Anglicana,** ** Gower Wallicana," and for 
the most part separated geographically by the ric'ge of Cefn Bryn — the English occupying 
the parts towards the sea. The Anglici — with whom he dealt so summarily — were in all 
probability a mixture of Normans and Flemings. A Norman element had been introduced, 
partly, as a matter of course, under the Lord Marcher Henry de Newburgh when he con- 
quered the peninsula, and amplified under the De Breoses. The Flemish element, about 
the introduction of which there is some degree of obscurity, is generally held to have been 
settled in the reign of Henry I. contemporaneously with the settlement of their countrymen 
in Pembrokeshire, but definite statement respecting a settlement in Gower is much wanted, 
and the facts respecting Pembrokeshire are too often made to apply to Gower. William of 
Malmesbury makes no mention of the latter settlement, nor does Giraldus Cambrensis (see 
Flemings^ ** Pembrokeshire "). 

We are inclined to believe that the " English " colony in Gower was an amalgam of 
these two Continental elements, with others of the English race proper, who along with 
the Normans had come from England. The mere fact of their being all aliens would give 
them a basis of union and a sense of sympathy, while the English tongue, which the 
Normans were acquiring for convenience of intercourse with their. English companions in 
arms, would be adopted as their general speech ; and it may well be conceived that under 
the circumstances that speech would assume the hybrid character which that of the 
Gowerians has always exhibited. The old British race, made inferior but not dislodged, 
would view all the foreign interlopers with indiscriminate jealousy and hatred, and from 
** French " would soon learn, by reason of their language, to call them ** English." The two 
peoples for many ages kept distinct and shy of each other, in the earlier stage of 
their acquaintance maintained a hostile feeling, and came to occasional sanguinary conflict 
In the Antiales Cambrics^ under date a.d. 1258, the year after Prince Llewelyn's visit just 
mentioned, an attack was made upon the '* Anglici," when " two hundred, less six men, and 
six women were massacred." 



48 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

We are often told that the language now spoken by the peasantry of Gower, like 
that of the " Englishry " of Pembrokeshire, is marked by strong peculiarities, and it is 
somewhat strange that no effort has as yet been made to collect and explain them. The 
impression is prevalent among the " Welshery," that in point of religious culture the 
English-speaking Gowerians are sadly deficient ; but it is on all hands admitted that they 
are industrious, cleanly, and orderly^ and not behind in intellectual faculty. The mental 
soil is good if only tilled. 



Note on the Name " Goicer,'' 

• 

We have seen no rational attempt at settling the etymology of ihh name. That the 

word is of British origin, and has usually and from early times appeared in the form Gwyr^ 

is about all that is said of it. We believe it to have been first used as a term descriptive of 

the country as a narrow and long tract, and that the ancient British pronunciation made it 

to be two syllables, Go-liir—idSy outstretching, long, very long,— at last softened into Giayr. 

This etymology is confirmed, and was indeed suggested by the old Latin representative of 

the word as seen, amongst others, in the quotations given above from the Annales Cambria 

—one of our earliest and most reliable chronicles,— " Goher," " Gohir," " Goer,"— forms 

which could only arise as imitations of an original vocable of two elements. 



Section IV.— ANTIQUITIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

As the preceding sections of physical description and history have ended with Gower, 
our notices of the antiquarian remains of the county may as well commence there. It is a 
region as much marked by the hoary and venerable, the primitive and unchanged, as any 
in much- disturbed Glamorganshire. In the costume of the inhabitants there may still be 
here and there observed a waif floating down from the olden time ; a persistent long-lived 
Flemish chimney marks some of the rural dwellings ; and a large proportion of the parish 
churches claim paternity from Flemish or Norman masons. But the antiquarian fame of 
Gower rests mainly upon its pre-historic remains, and its numerous military fortresses. 

The most impressive monument of a remote antiquity in Gower — we might almost say 
in all Britain (always excepting that at Henblas, Isle of Anglesey) — is that mysterious 
solitary structure at the end of Cefn Bryn ridge, known as Arthur's Stone. Before a 
stone was laid of any of the ivy-covered ruined castles now looked upon as memorials of 
a hoar antiquity, when the first Norman rode up to Cefn y Bryn to view the goodliness of the 
land, this strange structure looked as hoary and sphinx-like in its mystery as it does to-day, 
and equally defied the knowledge and conjectures of men to explain its origin or its reason. 
Perched on the breezy height, in sight of the swelling sea, as indeed most of '\i% confreres 
are found, there it has stood — it is useless to conjecture how many ages, — the memorial of a 
people rude as masons, but bold and aspiring as thinkers, and of noble ideas associated 
with the dead and with the interminable future. " Arthur's Stone"by its very form confutes 



ANTIQUITIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE ■ ARTHUR'S STONE. 49 

tlie llieory that it was ever intended to be an " altar " for the immolation of human victims ; 
and confirms the conclusions which recent careful researches into the cromlechs of Brittany 
and Wales have authorized, that they were burial-places of the great and venerated. 




No evidence has as yet been discovered, even by the minute investigations of Mr. Lukis 
in the Channel Islands and Brittany, which fixes with certainty the age or people which 
gave origin to the cromlech tomb ; but it is more probable than not that it is an expression or 
the Celtic ideal. Nor is there any evidence that the people who built these tombs all over 
Britain and the Continent were not the Cymty. Nor can any one say that they were not 
the Cymry in times not long anterior to the Christian era, 

" Arthur's Stone," as it now exists, is an unshapely mass of the conglomerate of the Old 
Red of the locality, about fourteen feet long, seven feet in depth, and six feet six inches in its 
greatest breadth, standing over some seven or eight uprights, four of which only actually 
bear the load. Its weight is calculated at about twenty-five tons. The great stone is now, 
however, much reduced from its original dimensions ; for on the ground on its western side 
lies a ponderous fiagment, three feet thick and thirty feet in circumference, which has fallen 
off from the smooth perpendicular side visible in the engraving. The whole mass fiefore the 
fracture must have weighed from thirty to thirty-five tons. 

Magnificent as is this venerable tomb in dimensions and conception, it only forms the 
small remains of a far mightier work. Not only was the whole at one time, in all pro- 
bability, buried under an artificial mound, either of stones or of earth, but there are still 
clear indications that Arthur's Stone was only the central or principal of an accumulation of 
monuments once existing on the same ridge. Several tumuli are still remaining. A great 
cairn, seventy yards in circumference, stands to the west, and another to the north-west. 
The whole range of Cefn Bryn seems to have been the site of a prehistoric cemetery, on a 



so GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

smaller scale corresponding with the monumental congregation seven miles long at Carnac, 
in Brittany. 

The bone caves of Gower belong to a class of antiquities which excite much attention 
among pre-historic inquirers in our day, principally from their bearing upon the question of 
the antiquity of man. Ludicrous blunders, made by men hasty of fame, have alternated 
with some interesting scientific findings. Not a bone of mastodon or Elephas primigenius is 
found, but by a strong effort of a strong imagination, or a fortunate move of the spade, a 
human bone is found near it. The rhinoceros and cave bear, if we believe some explorers, 
had man as their contemporary in Britain, for flint flakes and arrow-heads have been found 
in the same beds of gravel with their bones. Then man began life as a cannibal, for we 
often find his own bones split — of course not by hyena or lion, but by man ; and by man 
to get at the marrow. But in spite of the credulities and hasty generalizations of some so- 
called men of " science," the exploration of caves has not been without substantial and 
reliable result. Those of Paviland, Bacon Hole, and others in Gower, have been found to 
abound in bones of a primitive age, which throw great light upon the climate and fauna of 
this country when the animals lived. Among the chief explorers have been Dr. Buckland, 
Mr. Moggridge, F.G.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, Esq., F.R.S., Col. G. G. Francis, F.S.A., and 
L W. Dillwyn, Esq., M.P. ; and the result of their investigations is in great part found in the 
palaeontological collection in the Royal Institution Museum of Swansea. CoL Francis has 
also recently exhibited a part of his own private collection before some of the London 
societies. The caves are in the face of the limestone cliffs, near Rhosilly Bay, above high- 
water mark, and accessible only at low water. Mr. Moggridge, after stating that the cave 
(Bacon Hole) was originally formed by the action of the sea on the loose detritus of a fault 
in the limestone cliff, and that a subsequent elevation of the land brought the caves out of 
reach of the waves, makes these observations : — 

" From this period the bodies of animals inhabiting the adjacent country have from time 
to time been left in the cave. Some of the lowest mammoths possibly drifted in by water, 
the higher remains, for the most part, carried in by carnivora ; but the unbroken state of 
the bones, and the absence of any quantity of cave earth, strongly infer that the cave has 
seldom been used as the constant retreat of the latter for the purpose of consuming their 
prey. It is more probable that the open and exposed state of Bacon Hole, well-mouthed 
at its entrance, and consequently freely admitting light, would not be inhabited by 
carnivora ; whereas it was from the same reason more approachable to the larger animals, 
whose remains were preserved in the lower parts of the cave. Of these the mammoths have 
been the first deposited. The three jaws of the rhinoceros were found below the second 
stalagmite, and the remains of bear, bos, and deer throughout the whole deposit. After 
the formation of the second stalagmite, it would appear that a large portion of the over- 
hanging limestone rock had fallen in. 

" The period at which the upper bed of stalagmite ceased to form was, at any rate, 
before the extinction of red deer and roebuck in this part of the country, as their remains 
are found in the black mud above the upper stalagmite. The remains of wolves are so 
scarce at Bacon Hole, that finding some below and some above does not finally conclude 
that the upper stalagmite was not formed even before their extinction in South Wales. 
The mass of rock above the cave is not of great thickness; and although water still continues 



ANTIQUITIES— BONE CAVES; PENRICE CASTLE. . 51 

to percolate freely, the limestone has long since exhausted its power of yielding carbonate 
of lime, and the formation of stalagmite had consequently ceased prior to the deposit of the 
bones found in the black mud. 

** All the known Gower bone caves are about the same height above the sea, and were 
therefore, in all probability, raised and made accessible to the mammalia inhabiting the 
adjacent dry land at the same period of time ; but on observing the fossils, saved from the 
neighbouring caves of Spritsail and Paviland, I have noticed that in the former the teeth of 
hyenas and horses are in conjunction most abundant, in the latter the teeth of wolves and 
deer ; whilst in Bacon Hole I am not aware of one single specimen of horse having been 
found beneath the upper stalagmite. . . , But the cave of Bacon Hole has evidently 
been so seldom used as a constant retreat by carnivora, in comparison with other caves, 
that the absence of horse by no means proves that that race did not inhabit the adjacent 
lands during the period of these deposits. No remains of man are foutid below the upper 
stalagmite. In the mud above it were pieces of ancient British pottery. 

"In conclusion, I may remark, that from the thickness, and consequently unbroken 
state of the upper stalagmite at Bacon Hole, a far more perfect separation of the ancient 
from the recent bones has been maintained than in any other of the Gower caves ; and had 
any remains of man been found beneath the lower stalagmite, they would have afforded 
clear proof of the co-existence of the human race with the mammoth in this country. 

" On the contrary, the absence of any human remains beneath even the upper stalagmite, 
in a cave so large and accessible as Bacon Hole must have been, is a strong proof that the 
existence of man in this country was subsequent to the formation and covering up of this 
cave deposit.*' The era of that deposit is quite a matter of conjecture, but cannot be 
extremely remote. 

The succession of layers of deposit in Bacon Hole cave was as follows : — The explorers 
first arrived at a bed of alluvial earth, containing recent shells, such as are now on the 
neighbouring beach, bones of the ox, red deer, roebuck, fox. Then came a layer of 
stalagmite. Next they encountered a bed of hard breccia, in which were bones of the bear, 
ox, and deer. The next layer was stalagmite, and below it more breccia with cave earth, in 
which were bones of mammoth, rhinoceros, hyena, wolf, bear, ox, and deer ; but the lowest 
of all were those of the mammoth. 

The most extensive military ruin in Gower is Penrice Castle^ occupying a moderate 
elevation facing Oxwich Bay. It is the property of C. R. M. Talbot, Esq., M.P., whose 
modern mansion, a plain structure of the same name, stands close by, under shelter of the 
grand old ivy-covered walls. 

From some unknown reason this great fortress has received little notice from topographers, 
or even writers of guide-books. One of the latter (Black's), evidently in complete ignorance 
of the place, simply refers to it as an "ancient fortress, of which there are some slight 
remains" I The ruin has been inspected and, for the first time, photographed for this work, 
but from the nature of the ground no photograph can be taken which would give an adequate 
idea of the vastness and grandeur of the ruin. 

Of the origin of Penrice Castle we have no certain history ; but it is generally held to 
have been first established as a post of strength by the British inhabitants, and from the 



Si CLAMORGvVNSHIRE. 

position must be supposed to have been intended to guard the little bay of Oxwich, where 
sea marauders were likely to land. The name Ox-wich is doubtless a memorial of the 
Danes, who in the age of Alfred in England, and of Rhodri the Great and Howel Dda in 
Wales, were an incessant plague upon our coasts. They have left fragments of their language 
in many creeks of South Wales, from Goodii'id at Fishguard, GellisJ'''/V4, Wmhwici, Mussel- 
mck, in Pembrokeshire, to this Ox«'(V/i. But on the Norman descent upon Cower the post 
was taken and fortified by those settlers. The great Earl of Warwick, whose daughter Ann 




Penrh;k CAsn.t, UiAVEK (/>i"" " /"'"'■'. fy GuZ/nvr). 

became the consort of Richard III., is credited by some as the builder oi the actual structure 
now in ruins. The possessors were at that time called " Lords of Oxwich," — the name 
Pmrice not having yet become associated with the manor. 

Pen-Rhys, the ancient Welsh name, was possibly the designation of the rock or eminence 
upon which the castle is planted, and adopted by the Pmrhys family, who lived here before 
the Mansels of Mai^am, through marriage with the heiress, entered into possession. We 
read in the pedigrees that " Sir Hugh Mansel, Kt, son of Richard Mansel by Lucy, daughter 
of Philip Scurlage, Lord of Scurlage Castle (the ruins of which are still traceable near Llin- 
ddewi in Cower), /««/. Richard IL, married Isabel, daughter of Sir John Penrees, Lord ot 
Oxwich and other large possessions in Glamorganshire," and that " this Sir Hugh was the 
great-grandfather of Anthony Mansel, Esq,, who was slain in the -wars between the houses 
of York and Lancaster." {See Jenkin's MS., 4to.) The property continued hi the Mansels 
till 1750, when, by default of heirs male, it passed to the second sot} c^ Hxry, youngest 
daughtirr of Sir Thomas, by her husband, J. Ivory Talbot, Esq , of Eacock 'Abbey, Wilt- 
shire, of* whom the present proprietor is descendant. (See Talbot of Margain.) The time 
when the castle of Penrhys ceased to be inhabited and was dismantled is not, however, 
known to the writer, nor is there any means at hand of tracing the connection between the 
old Penrhys family and llie earlier Norman proprietors. « 



ANTIQUITIES— OXWICH AND PENNARD CASTLES. 53 

Standing on any favourable point near Oxwich village, the view of Penrice Castle and its 
richly wooded park, occupying the mid-scene between you and the heathy heights of Cefn 
Bryn, is extremely fine. The luxuriant and extensive woodland, broken sufficiendy to afford 
the eye here and there the variety of verdant meads, and the gravelled walks aiyl terraces 
of the modern mansion, receives a picturesque and perfect finish in the grey and broken 
ramparts of the great castle, which mount up defiant of time and elements iiv the midst. It 
must be confessed, however, that the venerable pile is much neglected ; no care is taken to 
preserve it from dilapidation, and if it were not for the friendly ivy— ever partial to the old 
and neglected — its disappearance would hasten apace. 

Oxwich Castle, close by, can only by a latitude of expression be termed a military ruin. 
Topographers and tourists' books have again been as widely at fault respecting this as 
respecting Penrice. Malkin says that "a fine Gothic window is nearly all that remains of 
Oxwich Castle." So far from this being the case, the ruin is one of considerable dimen- 
sions, the principal part being a lofty tower, six stories high, something in the form of a 
keep, but pierced with arched windows irregularly placed, and so numerous as to suit a 
residential and comparatively recent rather than a warlike fortress of the Middle Ages. The 
place was in fact built by Sir Rice Mansel, Sheriff of Glamorganshire (according to 
Jenkin's MS.) in 1541, and purchaser of Margam Abbey on the suppression, temp. 
Henry VIII. (see Marram Abbey). Perhaps it was built as a summer-house or manne 
residence, and still made strong to meet the uncertainties of the times. 




Pennaru Castlb. 



Pennard Castle and Church occupy the side of a wild hill, at once commanding the sea 
and a little creek or pill leading up into the GoWer country between Penmaen and Kilvrough. 
This stronghold guards the eastern side of Oxwich Bay as Oxwich Castle guards the 
western, and has the appearance of having been a great castellated residence buih in warlike 



S4 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

times, and perhaps of the British, or possibly Norman age, ratlier than a regular Norman 
fortress of the more fonnidable class. It was a strong place, but devoid of architectural 
splendour. Its history is unknown— a circumstance which, coupled with the bold and 
romantic spot it occupies, has occasioned the creation of a variety of tales and legends 
which in the popular imagination clothe it with peculiar interest. The simple swain believes 
that the castle had a supernatural origin, that its monster bulk was planted there in one 
night, and that it has ever continued the abode of elves and fairies. 

Oysttrmouth Castle, well known to all visitors to the Mumbles, is an extensive and 
beautiful ruin, better preserved than many of the great ancient monuments of these pans. 
It is the property of the Duke of Beaufort, who has sanctioned the expenditure of some 
money on its clearing and protection, under the pious care of Col. Francis. Th2 founding 
of this fortress is a.scribed by some to Henry Beaumont, Earl of Warwick, who subdued 
Gower, and by others to Richard de Granville, one of Fitzhamon's knights, and founder ol' 
Neath Abbey. (See Keath Abbey.) The plan of the castle is polygonal, without bastions or 
projecting towers, except at the great south-west entrance. The chapel at the north-cast 
end, which has often been described as the " keep," is of fine architecture, the features ot 
which have been further brought to light by the recent clearance of accumulated debris ; the 
great hall, and many of the chief apartments, are recognisable, and several Gothic windows 
with mullions and some elegant tracery remaining, long walled up and entirely concealed by 
plaster and tangled ivy, have been recovered to view. 




Swansitt Castle is said to have been erected about a.d. 1 1 20 by that conqueror of Gower- 
land, Henry Beaumont, otherwise called Newburgh, Earl of Warwick, the same who obuins 
credit for founding Oystermouth Castle. Gruffydd ap Rhys had destroyed a castle here 



ANTIQUITIES -LOUGHOR CASTLE; NEATH ABBEY. 55 

some years previously (a.d. 1113). The greater part of Beaumont's original structure has 
disappeared, either through absolute destruction, or through alteration and conversion at 
different times for other purposes, such as public offices, gaols, market-houses, storehouses, 
&c. When Swansea was a smaller town a part of the castle served as town hall. One of 
the large apartments, perhaps the fortress chapel, served for a long time as a Roman Catholic 
chapel. The remains of the castle still surviving, although comparatively small, include some 
beautiful features of the original. But it is subject to doubt whether the interesting tower or 
keep, the best part of the ruins, shown in our engraving, is not an addition made by Bishop 
Gower of St. David's in the fourteenth century. Leland, in his Collectanea^ favours this 
opinion ; and the idea is further rendered probable by the fact that the beautiful line of arches 
near the top, enclosing an open parapet running round the building, are exact copies of those 
found in the remains of the Bishop's Palace, St. David's, and Lamphey Palace, near 
Pembroke, both known to have been built by Bishop Gower. 

Swansea had also " religious houses," one of which, the Hospital of St. David^ has left 
some faint traces of its existence. 

Loughor Castle^ like the village of which it forms a part and was once the chiel 
constituent, is a desolate -looking object. The position of this place on the ferry of the 
Loughor river {Llwchwr) naturally gave it importance from the earliest times ; the Romans 
added to this importance by establishing here one of their stations on the Via Julia^ giving 
it the name Leucarum^ in imitation of the early British Uwchwr—z. purely Celtic term. The 
post- Roman Britons naturally took advantage of works left by the Romans; and thus the 
Norman lord who first took this district — probably the same Henry de Beaumont already 
mentioned in connection with other castles in Gower — fixed upon the site for a Norman 
castle. The river Llwchwr washes its base ; the mound on which it stands indicates a place 
of strength and considerable extent ; but for many ages the ponderous ivy-covered fragment 
which remains has only been a habitation for the sparrow and the owl; the country around, 
cold and unattractive, is yet full of industry in coal and iron, and the whistle of the railway, 
with its frequent and rapid trains, tells the castle keep, its dungeons, mounds, and ditches, that 
their day, and the habits and modes of their day, are for ever past and gone. 

Scurlage Castle, in Gower, the fortified home of the family of that name (see Scurlage of 
Scurlage Castle), was probably nothing more than a mansion with strong walls and parapets, 
and a surrounding ditch, suited to times when every owner of a tract of country h^d to defend 
his own by force. Some traces of the place, not far from Llanddewi, still continue. 

Neath Abbey, on the marsh near Neath, is a great ruin which cannot be witnessed without 
a mixed sense of sadness and admiration. It tells of days when great wealth, gotten by 
rapine, was freely given to the holiest of purposes (as then understood), when a priesthood 
only less potent than the spirit of martial adventure and devouring cupidity of conquest 
forced the mailed warrior, with his hands red with blood, and grasping the treasure of the 
murdered, to kneel meekly at the altar and attempt atonement for his deeds by building a 
church or endowing a priory. Thus it was that Richard de Granvil, otherwise Granville, one 
of Fitzhamon's knights, and it is said his brother, to quiet his conscience after a painful 
dream, resolved to build on the lands he had taken from the Welsh a magnificent abbey (see 
Llanover pedigree). Bishop Tanner says that Richard and his wife Constance (but about 



sfi 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



her name there is a doubt) gave their chapel in the castle of Neath, the tithes belonging to 
it, a large tract of waste lands and other possessions, in the time of Henry I., to the abbot 
and convent of Savigny, near Lyons, that they might build an abbey here in Wales. 




The date a.d. i i 29 is assigned for the completion of Neath Abbey. The Brul lells us that 
the architect employed was one Lalys, " a man very skilful in the art of building," whom De 
Clranvil had brought with him on his return from the Holy Land. He also is said to have 
built Margam Abbey. The monks here stationed were first of the Franciscan, but were soon 
changed into those of the Cistercian order, and came at first from Savigny. Leland, having 
visited the place about 1 540, calls it " an abbey of white monks," and " the fairest abbey in 
all Wales." Edward IL sought here a sanctuary, but was taken and afterwards deposed. 

Lnvis Miirganwg, the bard, in an encomium on Lleision, the Abbot of Neath circa 1525, 
uses the most glowing epithets in describing the structure as it then stood : — 

" Like the iky of the Vale of Ebron a the covering of this monastery : weighty is the lead that roofs this 
abode- the dark blue canopy of the dwellings of the godly. Every colour is seen in the crjita! windows ; 
every fair and high-wrouRht form beams forth through them like the rays of the sun-portals of radiant 
guardiansl . , . Hereare seen the graceful robesofprelates ; heremay be found gokl and jewels, the tributeof 
the wealthy. Here also is the gold-adotned chair, the nave, the glided tabernacle work, the pinnacles, worthy 
of the Three Fountains. Distinctly may be seen on the glass imperial arms ; a ceiling resplendent with kingly 
bearings, and on the surrounding border the shields of princes, the arms of Neath, of a hundred ages ; there is (he 
white freestone, and the arms of the best men under the crown of Harry ; and the church walls of grey marble. 
The vast and lofty roof is like the sparkling heavens on high ; above ate seen Brchangels' forms ; the floor 
beneath is for the people of the earth, all the tribe of Babel— for them it is wrought of vari^pled stone. The 
bells, the benedictions, and the peaceful songs of praise, proclaim tbe frequent thanksgivings of the white 



ANTIQUITIES-NEATI! ABBEY. 



57 



The charters, with details of the liberties and privileges of the abbey, are collected and 
skilfully edited by Col. G. G. Francis, F.S.A., in his valuable work on Neath and its 
abbey, jirivately printed, 1845, The conventual buildings as well as the churcJi must have 
received large additions since the first erection, but much of the history of such changes has 
been lost through want of record. Their style is of the Tudor period. 




After the dissolution ot the monasteries this abbey, with its lands (yearly value, according 
to Dugdale, ^13' 7s. 7d.), was given to Sir Richard Williams, an ancestor of Cromwell, 
and subsequently came into the hands of the Hoby family (see Ifoiy of Neath Abbey). 
When Henry, first Duke of Beaufort, made his lordly progress through Wales, a.d, 1684 
(recently printed, but privately), he halted at Neath Abbey, and has left some interesting 
notes on the condition of the building at the time, " This at present is famous for one of 
the fairest roomcs in Wales. In the old painted glass and in the stone worke are seen the 
coats in the margin [figured on the margin of the book]. The first is of Gi^an ap Ithell, 
King of Glamorgan, lineally descended from Meyric ap Tewdry, King of Glamorgan, that 
erected the cathedrall church of Llandaff, and appointed the same a seat for the bishop 
thereof, and gave liveing for maintenance. The next coat impaled is of Yngharad, daughter 
of Ednowen, Lord of Ardudwy." How " Yngharad " (Angharad) came into these parts is 
not known. 

At the time when the Duke of Beaufort was at Neath Abbey, the Hoby family, who had 
been in possession only two or three generations in the male line, may still have been in 
residence there in the female branches or their descendants ; but the last male repre- 
sentative here was Philip Hoby, Esq., who died 1678, and was buried in the Herbert Chapel 
of St Mary's Church, Swansea. 

Neath Castle had its origin at the same period with the abbey. Its builder was the 
same Richard de Granvil, or Granville, who had " come over with the Conqueror," 
accompanied Filzhamon into Wales, and after the conquest of Glamorgan had assigned him 



58 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

a lordship at Nfidd, whereupon he built his castle. Why he chose such a flat situation — 
the castle is in the midst of the town of Neath — instead of one of the beautiful slopes or 
picturesque eminences flanking the delightful valley it is impossible to say. His naii\e 




Nonnandy was more undulating than hilly, and he may have had associations with home in 
his mind when fixing the sites of castle and monastery. A British stronghold belonging to 
lestyn ap Gwrgant is said to have been on the spot ; a Roman structure may have existed 
anterior to that, and the genius loci may have forbidden its own removal. It must, however, 
be remembered that the Norman soldier had little reverence for " use and wont," but 
implicit faith in use by itself. The position near the centre and mouth of the vale would 
guard the splendid demesne, which stretched inland, against marauders from the sea, and 
from south and west. No beauty of situation, not even strength of position, could rival a 
consideration of this kind in the calculation of advantages. Here Richard built his castle 
early in the twelfth century, and here his successors in the lordship for some generations 
dwelt, but he himself is said to have returned to his Continental possessions, which were 
largely augmented at the decease of his relative, Robert Fitzhamon, Lord of Glamorgan. 

Granville appears to have been a man of large ideas and large performances. His 
abbey and priory of Neath were conceived and completed magnificently ; and although the 
history of his castle is not one of splendour, or its remains indicative of large original 
proportions, his household and its appointments seem to have been on a distinguished 
scale, tor the bard Lewis Glyn Cothi (temp. Henry Vil.), in an ode to " Rhisiart Twrbil 
(Turberville) o I^ndudwg," celebrates the grandeur of his hero's state by declaring ( Works, 

p. lOl},— 






if 



/, 



1 



^iP^R-«« ■■!«.« . i^^j/mmw^i I. J ■■ 



(Anm /-*^ Btatifort Prograi, 1684.) 




Arms op Sik Ricb Mansell. 






EPMijSi 



Tomb of Sir Rice Maksri.l, Kt., of Margam {d. 1589), ash Dahe Cecil his Wipe. 



i: 



ANTIQUITIES-MARGAM ABBEV. 59 

"Caer wen )f birwn . . . 
V sy gaer unvainl a llys Greinvil " 
(To Gr«nville's palace b the baton's fair forlress equal). 

Margam Abbey, the next antiquarian monument of importance as we move eastward, has 
a Tame noted as that of Nt^dd, albeit the sight of its desolation is not so impressive. It has 
the advantage of perishing amid scenes of unsurpassed quiet, the songs of birds, and the 
shelter of mighty forest trees ; while the ruins of Neath Abbey and Castle are made to 
lie in deeper gloom by the grime and smoke, the stilling breath of furnaces, the din and 
turmoil on all sides surrounding them. The abbey of Margam stands in the extensive park 
of the demesne of Margam, the seat of C. R. Mansel Talbot, Esq., M.P., and formerly ot 
his ancestors, the Mansels of Margam, Penrice, &c. ; and was unquestionably the nucleus 
around which this great historic manor and its fame and influence grew. The date of its 
foundation, if we take Dugdale as our guide, was a.d. 1147. Its founder was Robert, 




MARGA3I Abbey— THE Chapterhouse. 

Earl of Gloucester, natural son of Henry I,, who raanied the daughter of Fitzhamon, 
the Norman Lord of Glamorgan, and succeeded him in the lordship. Giraldus Cam- 
brensis, who visited the place in 1188, says, "We pursued our journey by the little cell 
of Ewennith [the abbey of Ewenny not having been seen, perhaps] to the noblf Cister- 
cian monastery of Margan. This monastery, under the direction of Conan, a learned 
and prudent abbot, was at this time more celebrated for its charitable deeds than any other 
of that order in Wales. On this account it is an undoubted fact that, as a reward for that 
abundant charity which the monastery had always in times of need exercised towards 
strangers and poor persons m a season of approaching famine, their com and provisions were 
perceptibly, by divine assistanct, increased, like the widow's cruse of oil by the means of 



6o GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

the prophet Elijah," Then come a series of strange prodigies, the relation of which, in 
Ciiraldus's estimation, enhanced the glory of this celebrated abbey and its monks. 

After the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII., the abbey of Margam, with 
its wide domain, whose revenues were valued at ;^i8i 73. 4d., was sold to Sir Rice Mansel, 
of Oxwich Castle, who fitted up part of the building, with extensive additions, as a family 
residence of no mean splendour, and this for several generations continued to be the chief 
abode of the Mansels. In the Beaufort Progress the following account is given of this 
magnificent abbey residence, as it stood in 1684 : — 

" Margam or Margan was anciently an abbey, one of whose abbots, John Delaware, 
. became the thirty-ninth Bishop of LandafT, and died June 30, 1256. The arms in the 
margin [of the Book] of Gwigan ap Ithell, King of Glamorgan, viz.. Mars, three 
chevronels, Luna, are often repeated in the old stone worke of Margham." 

" Margham is a very noble seat, first purchased by Sir Rice Mansell, Knight, who, with 
his lady, ly buried in Little St. Bartholomew's, neer Smithfield, London. It appears, from 
some noble mines about it, to have been formed out of an ancient religious house ; the 
modem additions are very stately, of which the stables are of freestone, . , , the roof 
being ceiled, and adorned with cornishes and fretwork of goodly artifice." 

"The ancient gate-house, before the court of the house, remaines unaltered, because of 
an old prophesie among the bards thus concerning it and this ffamily, namely, 'That as 
soon as this porch or gate-house shall be pulled down this family shall decline and go to 
decay ; «Aw qutere," 

" Its scituation is among excellent springs, furnishing all y« offices thereof with excellent 
water, att the foot of prodigious high hilles of woods, shelter for the deere, about a mile 




distant from an arm of the sea, parting this shore and the county of Cornwall in England, 
below which, and washed almost round with the salt water, is a marsh, whereto the deer, 
the tide being low, resort much by swimming, and thrive to such an extraordinary weight 
and fatness as I never saw or heard the like." 

The Dulte of Beaufort, as the Lord President of Wales, was welcomed on this sUtely 



(Ftvm ike BmufoH Prvgrtu, 1684.) 




1 OF Sib Kdward Manszl, Kt., of Marcau, {d 1585), and Jank Somerset his Wiir. 




Arms op Sik Rice Mansel, of Makgam, with 14 Quarterinus. 




Tomb of Sir Lkwis Man!;gi. Hart., of Marram, Attn Emzarfth ins \Vn 



ANTIQUITIES— MARGAM ABBEY. 6i 

occasion at Margam, as indeed everywhere, with the greatest " loyalty " and respect. He 
was " conducted to the summer banqueting-house, built after the Italian, where regular 
simitrie, excellent sculpture, delicate graving, and an infinity of good Dutch and other 
painting, make a lustre not to be imagined. Its pavements are of marbles, black, red, mixt, 
and white, chiefly the product of his own quarries in lands in the county. Here nothing was 
spared that the noble place could afford of diversion ; hence his Grace was enterteined with 
the pastime of seeing a brace of bucks run down by three footmen, which were afterwards 
led into Margham anti-court alive, and there judged fit for the table, before y* huntsman 
gave the fatall stroke with his semiter." The house was thrown open to all, " where as 
many as came, eat and drank as their appetites led them." The customs of the seventeenth 
century gave full licence, and we may well imagine the consequence ! 

It is strange how little notice the Duke, or his secretary and reporter, T. Dineley, took 
of the abbey buildings which still in great part survived. One of the objects of the Progress^ 
judging from the result, was to collect monumental inscriptions^ and several of these, with 
neat cuts of the massive altar- tombs of the Mansels, with effigies in full armour, are given. 
They are described as being " in a small neat chapell on y* south side of the, chancell." 
An " honorary monument in white marble, carrying a representation of Sir Rice Mansell, 
Knight, dame Cecill, his lady, at length lying on cusheons " (died a.d. 1589, but buried in 
London) ; others " to Sir Exlward Mansell and the Right Hon. dame Jane, his lady, youngest 
daughter of Henry Somerset, Lord Herbert, seconde Earle of Worcester of that name ; Sir 
Lewys Mansell, Kt and Bart.," and " dilectissima ejus conjux P^lizabetha," &c., are given. 
There they lay, and there perhaps they still lie, effigies and all, a peaceful and distinguished 
line— once the lords of many acres, the holders of great entertainments, warriors and 
statesmen : — 

** The knights are dust, 
And their good swords are rust, 
Their souls are with the saints, we trust." 

The Progress is not unmindful of heraldry. " The patemall coat of the Mansells is — Argent^ 
a chevron between three maunches or^ sleeves sable. This word maunche is French, and hath 
its derivation from the Latin word manica^ signifying the sleeve of a garment" 

The male line of the Mansels of Margam became extinct in 1750 ; some years after this, 
about 1780, the house was pulled down, and its contents removed to Penrice Castle. The 
abbey chapterhouse was still nearly perfect in 1774, when Mr. Wyndham visited the place ; 
but the ruins were left uncared for, and went inta rapid decay. 

The modem mansion of Margam is a superb structure. (See further Talbot of Margam!) 
But what of the earher tombs of Margam Abbey ? of the long succession of abbots and 
of holy monks, whose crosiers and crosses, with their names, once marked many a stone of 
the place, and had been viewed with reverence by the eyes of many generations? In the 
duke's progress no mention is made of them ! They had given place to a new generation of 
tombs, more splendid and more interesting, which themselves have now become " relics of 
antiquity." Still, in some obscure comers of chapel or crypt some of them must have lain. 
The lords of Avan, large contributors to the abbey, and buried there, must have had some 
durable memorials. A fragment of an effigy, in chain mailj supposed to be one of them, 
still exists, but without name or other sign; and two elegantly sculptured stones, one 



62 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

bearing a foliated pastoral staff of the twelfth century with imperfect inscriptions. The 
inscription on one of these is legible : — 

**Constans et certus, jacet hie Ryewallis opertus, 
Abbas Robertus, cujus Deus esto misertus." 

Camden notices a stone with a crosier, a memorial of " Abbot Henry," as in his time covering 
a drain. The duke commemorates in his progress only the family who entertained him 
The old abbey belonged to a corrupter phase of religion. The reformed church now set up 
—though at the date of the progress, the days of the Rye House Plot, and Charles II.'s 
sorry exit from the stage of life, in a tottering state — must at least on the surface be 
respected; and prudence might counsel silence about abbots and monks, even though 
belonging only to the dead past. 

Kenfigtown and Castle^ both alike mere fragments left on the strand, not far from Margam, 
supply to that splendid demesne the most striking contrast. The early records say that 
Kenfig was a princely British residence, retained by Fitzhamon as part of his own acqui- 
sitions in Glamorgan. The town, once large, and still recognised in the formalities of 
county business as a contributory borough, was partly destroyed in the sixteenth century by 
a fearful storm and inundation of the sea, which left the place and adjacent lands covered by 
a wilderness of sand. 

The Ogham stone of Kenfig, on the road-side between Kenfig and Margam, was, if we 
remember rightly, the first monument with true " Ogham " characters discovered in Wales. 
Since that time six others have been made out — some by the late Longueville Jones. The 
stone itself was long known, and mentioned by Camden as bearing the inscription 
PUNPEIUS CARANTORIUS, probably in memory of some man, Briton or Roman, of 
Roman or post-Roman times ; but the marginal indentations it bears had not been thought 
worthy of attention until made out by Mr. Westwood as characters of the Ogham alphabet. 
This monument is an undressed monolith, standing about 4 ft. 6 in. above ground. The 
Ogham does not correspond with the Roman inscription, and Camden is not quite correct 
in his rendering of the latter. (See ArchaoL Cambr,^ i., 182.) 

Coity Castky near Bridgend, marks a spot of historic note more than coeval with the 
Norman subjugation of Glamorgan. The name, Cc^ty^ " wood-house," intimates that at 
the time it received that designation it was surrounded by woodland, as indeed from the 
nature of the country it is easy to believe ; but of the time of its first settlement by a British 
lord, or the extent of the demesne, we have no certain information. At the time of the 
Norman invasion the hereditary lord of Coity was Morgan ap Meurig, of the line of 
lestyn ap Gwrgant {pace Mr. K A. Freeman, who stoutly disbelieves pedigrees unless they 
happen to be of Saxon or Norman birth) ; and in the old account by Sir Edward Mansel, 
quoted in all histories of Coity, and upon whose fidelity no doubt has been cast, Morgan's 
daughter and heir is said to have been married to Paganus Turbervill, one of Robert 
Fitzhamon*s knights, who thenceforward became lord of the place. The romantic story is 
as follows : — 

"After eleven of the knights had been endowed with lands for their services. Pain 
Turbervill asked Sir Robert where was his share ; to which Sir Robert answered, * Here are 
men, and here are arms ; go, get it where you can.* So Pain Turbervill with the men went 



ANTIQUITIES— COITV CASTLE. 63 

to Coity, and sent to Morgan, the Welsh lord, to ask if he would yield up the castle ; where- 
upon Morgan brought out hia daughter Sara [otherwise called Sar" and " Assar"] by the 
hand, and passing through the army with his sword in his right hand, came to Pain 
Turbervill, and told him if he would marry his daughter and so come like an honest man 
into his castle, that he would yield it to him quickly and if not,' said he, ' let not the 
blood of any of our men be lost, but let this sword and ann of mine, and those of yours, 
decide who shall call this castle his own Upon this Pam Turbervill drew his sword and 




CoiTY Castle. 



took it by the blade in his left hand, and gave it to Morgan, and with his right hand 
embraced the daughter; and after settling every matter to the liking of both sides, he went 
with her to church and married her, and so came to the lordship by true right of possession, 
and being so counselled by Morgan, kept in his castle two thousand of the best of his Welsh 
soldiers." 



64 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

The account further states that Turbervill, having thus without aid of Fitzhamon*s men 
and by lawful and peaceful process become owner of Coity, was unwilling to acknowledge 
his obligation '* to pay the noble that was due to the chief lord every year to Sir Robert, but 
chose to pay it to Caradoc ap lestyn, as the person he owned as chief lord of Glamorgan," — 
thus siding visibly with the native race. " This caused hot disputes, but Pain, with the help 
of his wife's brother, got the better [see p. 497], till in some years after that it was settled 
that all the lords should hold of the seigniory, which was made up of the whole number of 
lords in junction together." 

In the " lolo MSS." it is recorded that Pain Turbervill was succeeded at Coity by eleven 
generations of his descendants, ending in the male line with Sir Richard Turbervill, who, 
leaving no legitimate son, settled his property upon his nephew. Sir Laurence Berkrolles, 
son of his sister Catherine and her husband, Sir Roger Berkrolles, Lord of St. Athan's. Sir 
Laurence married Matilda, daughter of Sir Thomas Despencer, then of Caerphili Castle. 
These records give her a character and end not out of keeping with those of her kindred, 
for she is said to have " poisoned her husband, so that he died," whereupon " she was 
buried alive, agreeably to the sentence pronounced upon her by the country and the lord, 
Sir Richard Begam, Lord of Glamorgan." 

The demesne of Coity now passed to a member of another of the great houses ,of 
Glamorgan, also of Norman descent, Sir William Gamage, " son of Gilbert, the son of Sir 
William Gamage by Assar [Sarah], the fourth daughter of Sir Pain Turbervill, the third" of 
that name. Then comes this curious piece of information from the same MS. : " And now, 
as the possessions had thrice descended by distaff, that is, by the right of a daughter, the 
royal lordship of Coetty became alienated, and went as an escheat of Sir Richard Begam, as 
the law required. But although property may, prerogative cannot descend beyond three 
times successively by distaff, hence the king is now lord of the Court of Coetty, and is 
supreme governor of the county halls of justice ; but the Gamages are the lords of the land, 
and to them appertain the possessions and manorial supremacy of the estates." The line of 
Gamage of Coity terminated in an heiress, Barbara, daughter of John Gamage of Coity 
Castle, who, circa 1584, became wife of Sir Robert Sydney (brother of Sir Philip Sydney), of 
Penshurst, afterwards Earl of Leicester, (See further Gamage of Coity Castle.) 

The other side of Bridgend from Coity is Ogmore Castle^ another of those spots in 
Glamorgan made memorable by the Norman settlement. It stands at the junction or aber 
of the Wenny stream with the Ogwr, and was called by the Welsh Castell Aberogwr, By 
some freak of pronunciation, since the days of Leland, the " Ogwr," as he properly calls it, 
has come to be called Ogmore. There must have been here a British settlement and 
estate, if not a stronghold, for the Brut informs us that Fitzhamon gave to William de 
Londres (William de Lwndwn) " the lordship of Aber-ogivr^ and the lands thereto belonging." 
William is credited with having strengthened the place, and built the " keep," still standing, 
and said to be in the early Norman style. But his stay here was not long, for, as noticed 
elsewhere, he pushed his way onward to Carmarthenshire (although some accounts say that 
this was done by his son, Maurice de Londres), where he built Cydweli Castle, possibly 
ambitious of escaping the position of a retainer to the conqueror of Morganwg, and becoming 
owner of an independent lordship held directly from the king. But he also held lai\ds in 



ANTIQUITIES— OGxMORE CASTLE; EWENNY ABBEY. 6$ 

England, as did most of the inferior lords of Glamorgan, — Humfreville, Fleming, St. 
Quentin, and Sully; like them he considered the other side of the Severn Channel as his 
home, and there he, like them, was buried. 

At Newton Nottagey nigh to the harbour of Porthcawl, we find a neighbourhood possessing 
a good deal of antiquarian interest, which has had the advantage of careful illustration from 
an antiquary on the spot, the Rev. H. H. Knight, B.D. (see Account of Newton Nottage^ 
reprinted from "Arch. Cambr.," 1853). The chief antiquities consist of British circles, barrows, 
and Celtic and Roman remains, a Medusa face, coins, &c., which prove either that the 
Via Julia passed that way (an improbable thing judging from the position), or perhaps that 
" some officer from the cohorts quartered in the Roman camp about Pyle was tempted by 
the sheltered aspect and pleasant sea view to fix his residence here; or some British chief, 
unmolested while he paid taxes to the Roman authorities, resided in this part of the 
extensive tract called Tir y Brenhin^^ as Mr. Knight conjectures. Some of these 
antiquities were found near Danygraig House. Mr. Knight's brochure throws a good 
deal of light also upon the old manor lands, estates, and families of this primitive district, 
and is a model of what ought to be attempted in every part of the country. 

At Marcross are the remains of a cromlech^ unless recently destroyed. The " spirit of 
improvement," now abroad, is so fatal to pre-historic monuments that nothing respecting 
them is certain except that they are in daily peril of destruction, and therefore there may 
no longer be a cromlech at Marcross, called the Old Church, The ruins of either a castle 
or a monastic building, also pointed out here, may be safely considered to be the latter, 
both from the name Marcross (Mary-cross), and the monastic barn near at hand. (See 
further Van of Marcross y and Marcross of Marcross?^ 



Ewenny Abbey falls behind none of the ecclesiastical and monastic ruins of Glamorgan 
either in the bold and impressive character of its architecture, its age, or the perfect preser- 
vation of many of its parts. Though the monastery is a ruin, the nave of the priory 
church is still used for worship —the aisles and north transept having disappeared. The 
style is pure Norman, the plan of the church a Greek cross ; the stone of which it is built 
— perhaps the lias of the locality — .^as stood so well that the angularities are still sharp, and 
the joints close and regular. The whole of the buildings, church, convent, offices, gardens, 
&c, were surrounded by lofty walls and powerful tower defences, indicating that the inmates 
lived in times of danger, and in a country unsettled if not unfriendly. The chief entrance is ' 
by a magnificent gateway, defended by towers and portcullis, still remaining in tolerably good 
preservation ; and these, with the terrace walls, partly existing, are picturesquely mantled with 
ivy. Under the tower of the south gate there was a deep dungeon, only six feet in diameter, 
the entrance covered by a strong iron grating, through which prisoners were let down. 
The great central tower is exceedingly massive — too much so to be graceful, but is a picture 
of strength and durability, sustained by buttresses of such dimensions as almost to defy 
time. On the whole, this great monument, in the early Norman style, is one of the Tnost'^ 
interesting architectural studies in the country. 

This priory was founded for the Benedictines soon after the conquest of Glamorgan, by 
William de Londres, Lord of Ogniore (Ogwr), and made by Maurice de Londres, in 1141, 



66 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

a cell to St Peter's Abbey at Gloucester. It contains some interesting monuments, among 
which is one to the memory of Maurice de Londres, having an ornamental cross in relief 
extending from one end to the other, with the following inscription deeply engraved round 
the border : — 

** Ici gist Morice de Londres le fondeur, 
Dieu lui rend son labeur." 

The living of Ewenny is a donation in the patronage of Thomas Picton Turbervill, Esq , 
whose mansion, built about the beginning of the present century, on the site of the old 
priory, stands within the fortifications of the monastic edifice. (See further, Turbervill of 
Ewenny Abbey ^ 

It would be a mistake to suppose that these religious foundations at Ewenny, Margam, 
and Neath, were any proofs of extraordinary piety on the part of their Norman donors. 
These lords only yielded to the demands put upon them by the times. The Welsh 
princes of the same age were doing the same work north and south. Madoc, Lord of 
Dinas Brdn, was building ValU Cruets Abbey; the Lord Rhys, of Dinefawr, was building 
those of Ystrad Fflur and Talley^ and Rhys ap Tewdwr probably had long ago set up the 
great abbey of Whitland, 

Dunraven Castle^ a modern structure, the seat of the Earl of Dunraven, stands on the 
site of an ancient British castle of great fame and antiquity on a lofty promontory near the 
sea, where a little stream joins the tide. Its early name is said to have been Dindryfan, 
and tradition has clothed it with the dignity of chief palace of the kings of Wales from times 
so remote as those of Br^n ap Llyr and his more renowned son, the brave Caractacus. It is 
enough to say that of this we have no evidence beyond tradition ; but as Caractacus is 
allowed by all, even critics of Mr. Freeman's school — who reject the British accounts in 
order apparently to have more room to swallow " English," — to have existed, he must have 
resided somewhere, and, during his leadership of the Silures, Dindryfan may well be 
supposed to have been one of his castles ; and who will say that Caerleon or Caerwent was 
not another? 

Dunraven, on the parting of Morganwg between Fitzhamon's knights, fell, along with 
Ogmore, to the share of William de Londres ; and either he or his son Maurice gave it and 
the lands or lordship thereto belonging to Sir Arnold Butler. This family continued at 
Dunraven for ten generations (see Butler of Dunraven\ till it terminated in an heiress, Eva, 
who married Sir Richard Vaughan, of the Vaughans of Bredwardine, Tre'rtwr, &c. ; and the 
manor remained in his descendants till the time of his great-grandson, Sir Geoige Vaughan, 
son of Sir Walter, grandson of Sir Richard, who, losing his three sons by an untimely death 
by drowning, " sold the lordship and estate of Dunraven in 1642 to Humphrey Wyndham, 
Esq." (See Vaughan of Dunraven^ Wyndham of Dunraven, and Dunraven of Dunraven,) 



St, Donafs Castle^ already partly described (see engraving, p. 466), derives its name 
from the little parish church in its grounds dedicated to St. Dunawd, an early Welsh 
Christian, — perhaps that staunch abbot of Bangor Iscoed, who withstood the assumption 



ANTIQUITIES : ST. DON ATS CASTLE-LANTWIT MAJOR. 67 

of the monk Augustine. (See Williams* Eccles, Antiq, of the Cymry, 141.) Fitzhamon gave 
William le Esterling, one of his knights, "the lordship of Llanwerydd^^ {Brut y Tywysog^^ 
the Welsh name of St. Donates, who founded here a family which in course of time became 
known under the altered form Stradling^ and continued in possession of the estate for a 
period of more than six hundred years. William le Esterling built here a castle, but whether 
in substitution for another belonging to a Welsh chieftain or on a virgin site it is hard to 
say ; but that there was a lordship of Llanddunwyd or Llanwerydd before the Fitzhamon 
conquest, and that the land was taken from its rightful owner and given to Le Esterling, 
is clearly taught us in the Stradling pedigree (Jenkins* 4to. MS., p. 223), for it is there 
stated that in the fourth generation " Sir Robert Stradling married Hawisia, daughter of Sir 
Hugh Brin, Kt., whose mother was the lawful Welsh heiress, on failure of male issue, to the 
castle and manor of St. Donat*s (in Welsh, Llanddunwyd),** and that "by this marriage the 
Stradlings acquired a rightful title by just heirship to the estate,** and ever since '* successively 
continued to enrol their names as Welshmen ** and " warm patrons of Welsh literature.*' 
The last of the StradHngs of St. Donat*s was Sir Thomas, who died s, p, 1738, at the age of 
twenty-eight, when the extensive estates were divided, St. Donat*s falling, by virtue of a deed 
made by Sir Thomas, to the share of Sir John de la Fountain Tyrwhit, Sheriff of Glamorgan- 
shire 1750. {Stt fwrXh^r Strad/ing 0/ St, DonafSy in "Old and Extinct Families.**) The 
estate afterwards passed to the Drake family, and is now, by purchase, the property of 
Dr. J. Nicholl-Came. What portion, if any, of Le Esterling's first castle remains in the 
present venerable structure it is difficult to determine, but it is quite certain that the bulk 
of St. Donat's Castle as it now stands is of a comparatively recent age. 

The castle of St Donat*s is unquestionably one of the most perfect of the ancient baronial 
halls of Wales, and highly interesting as having never been left uninhabited through the 
changes of several centuries since it was founded. Several parts of the venerable pile clearly 
belong to an earlier structure, but the great bulk of the building is said to be of the age of 
Henry VIII. In the MS. above quoted it is said, pp. 223 — 226, that Sir John Stradling, created 
a baronet by James I., " made the new park and planted it with trees ; he planted also many 
trees in the old park, and rebuilt in a great measure the old tower which was blown down 
by a tremendous storm in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when many of the old trees in the 
park were thrown down ** ; that Sir Edward Stradling, temp, Henry VI., who in 141 2 inherited 
the estates of Berkrolles, returning from Jerusalem, where he was made Knight of the 
Sepulchre, " brought with him from Italy a man skilful in carving, who made the ornamental 
columns to be seen in St. Donat's Castle.** We have no account at hand of the erection of 
the main part of the present structure. Since its purchase by Dr. Nicholl-Came it has been 
subject to careful and extensive restoration, its antique features scrupulously spared as far 
as possible, and the new work done, under the guidance of the learned proprietor, in keeping 
with the character of the whole. 

The church of Lantwit Major and its precincts, indeed the whole site of the village and 
surrounding spaces, oflfers to the antiquarian a field of research of the greatest interest The 
e^^jlier name was Caer Wrgan, The later and present Welsh name, Uanilltyd-fawr^ of 
which "Lantwit -major** is partly a corruption and partly a translation, commemorates 
St lUtyd (Iltutus), the celebrated monk-professor of the fifth century, who here either 
originated or resuscitated a school which with growing strength and reputation continued to 



68 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

flourish for 700 years. It was, of course, a monastic seminary, and both depended upon and 
fed what in process of time became an imposing monastery. The institution became the 
resort of youths noble, ignoble, and royal, and ecclesiastics high and low from all parts of 
Britain and the Continent ; the college sent forth learned men as teachers and bishops to 
many distant parts, among them St. David, Paulinus, Bishop of Leon, Samson, Archbishop 
of D61, in Brittany, &c. The Norman conquest of Glamorgan gave a blow to the establish- 
ment of Llanilltyd-fawr. Robert Fitzhamon transferred the property it had accumulated to 
Tewkesbury Abbey ; but the college and monastery still retained a portion of their income 
till the time of Henry VIII., whose Act for dissolving the monasteries included this place, 
and bestowed its revenues upon the new chapter of Gloucester Cathedral. The ancient 
tithe-barn^ in ruins, still survives ; the monastery, halls, and other buildings, which have 
wholly disappeared, " stood on a place called Hill-head, on the north side of the tythe-bam." 
The ruins of the schools are in a garden on the north side of the churchyard. Strewn far 
and near, in garden walls, field fences, jambs of cottage doorways and windows, and in the 
furrows of the paddocks around, are fragments of hewn and carved stone — relics of what 
at one time was a town of no inconsiderable dimensions, suggestive of wholesome reflections 
on the change which ages make in human things, and calling up unavailing regrets at the 
little we really know of the men and the doings which once distinguished so remarkable a 
spot And yet the past seems to rise with something like distinctness, constructed by 
the imagination from the few authentic facts we know, — 

'* Visions of the days departed, shadowy phaptoms fill the brain ; 
They who live in history only, seem to walk the earth again. " 

Lantwit-major, by long and holy tenure consecrated to education and religion, is on the 
estate of Dr. NichoU-Came of St. Donat's Castle, and that gentleman a few years ago gave 
proof of the estimation in which he held this feature of the place, as well as his concern for 
the advancement of education in modem Wales. When the editor of this work inaugurated 
the movement for university education for Wales, and visited Glamorganshire to advance 
the scheme. Dr. NichoU-Came offered as a fi*ee gift six acres of land on this spot, including 
the very site of the ancient buildings, for the erection of a university college for South Wales. 
It was then proposed to erect a corresponding collie for the North near Menai Bridge, 
where a site of seven acres had also been tendered gratis. The decision, however, to 
establish one central college, and the purchase of the noble Castle House premises at 
Aberystwyth, prevented the final acceptance of the J^ntwit-major site, — in many respects, and 
especially in the history of Welsh culture, the most interesting in all Wales. The projected 
institution at our date of writing is still unopened ; but a large sum of money remains funded, 
and a building of ample capacity and unrivalled architectural excellence has been purchased 
since 1867 ; while a college such as that proposed, free from sectarian narrowness, and 
superior in the quality of its teaching, now that elementary and middle-class education is so 
happily progressing, is more than ever demanded in the Principality. 

The church of Lantwit-major is itself a huge and complex monument of antiquity. It 
seems a thing almost entirely of the past The date accorded to its first foundation is 
A.D. 408 ; but the building now standing consists of several parts of unequal age. The 



ANTIQUITIES -LANTWIT MAJOR; LLANTRISANT CASTLE; ST. QUINTIN. 69 

lady chapd and the old church to which it is attached are very ancient, the former 
measuring forty feet long, decorated with statues of saints, &c. ; the latter sixty-four feet long, 
displaying great rudeness in the arches, and an imperfect clerestory, but with a reredos of 
some beauty. Then continues what has been usually considered a more modem structure of 
three aisles, of the age, it is said, of Henry I., and erected by Henry Neville, Lord of 
Glamorgan. This extends to a length of ninety-eight feet, by fifty-three feet in width, and 
supports a tower ** containing six bells of exquisite tone." 

The church and churchyard abound in antiquities. The chief object of interest in the 
latter is the Cross of St, Iltutus^ erected in the sixth century by Archbishop Samson of D61, 
in Brittany, and a pupil of the Llanilltyd College. Its height is now about six feet above 
the surface ; its breadth at the base about two feet six inches, diminishing upwards to one 
foot ten inches. The carving on its face is well done ; and a border divided into sections 
runs along the side, with an inscription yielding the words CRUX ILTUTI . . • SAMSON 
POSUIT HANC CRUCEM PRO ANIMA EJUS. The head of the cross has been broken 
off — of course, as all the guide-books say, by the " Puritans," — for as Cromwell destroyed all 
castles, so the " Puritans ** alone did all the mischief to ecclesiastical monuments ! 

Another cross shaft, of almost equal interest, and of more curious history, stands against 
the church wall. A tradition floated among the old people that a huge stone monument had 
fallen into a new grave and been left there. In 1 7 89, lolo Morganwg — whose vocation seemed to 
be to bring out the hidden things of darkness, whether of stone or parchment — felt a desire 
to search for the missing object. He lived at Flimstone, a few miles away ; and being a 
mason by trade, had perhaps a cunning art with stones. At all events, remembering the 
tradition, he began digging, and, strange to say, soon came upon the ancient cross, and placed 
it in its supposed original position against the church wall, where it now stands. It is a 
ponderous stone, slightly pyramidal in form, six feet nine inches high, one foot three inches 
across the centre, seventeen inches at the top, and eighteen inches thick. An inscription on 
the side, judged to be of the same era as that of the Crux Iltuti^ partly illegible, shows that 
it is a monument to a king or kings of Glamorgan. 

A third cross, discovered in 1730, of similar date with that of the first mentioned, seems 
to be a monument set up by Howel, Prince of South Wales, on his penance and absolution 
for the murder of his brother, Prince Rhys. 



Llantrisant Castle^ whose remains occupy the craggy heights on which this historic little 
town is planted, was a place of great strength under the lords of Glamorgan. From its towers 
its master could view a wide extent of fertile country lying at his mercy. On the division of 
the lands by Fitzhamon, Llantrisant, centre of the hundred of Miskin, fell to the share of 
Einion ap Collw3m, along with Senghenydd (Caerphilly). In a.d. 1247 it had come under 
the power of the line of lestyn ap Gwrgant, in the person of Howel ap Meredydd, who was 
expelled therefrom by Gilbert de Clare, then the supreme lord of Glamorgan ; but the 
Norman was foiled in his attempt to possess Miskin and Llantrisant by Cadwgan Fawr. 
From hence, after leaving Neath Abbey and Caerphilly Castle, Despencer, the favourite of 
Edward II., was taken to Hereford for execution. Edward le Despencer confirmed the 
charter of Llantrisant, temp. Edward III. Thomas le Despencer did the same. Leland says, 



70 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

" Llantrissant Castelle, longing to the king, as principal house of Miskin, lyith half a mile 
from the est ripe of Lay (Ely). . . . The castelle stondeth on the toppe of a hille, and is 
in mine. It hath been a fair castelle and had two wardes, and the inner diked, having 
among other toures one great and high caulled * Gigvran ' [W., dgfran, a raven], and at this 
castelle is the prison of Miskin and Glyn Rodney. There were 2 faire parkes by South 
Llantrissent, now onpalid, and without deere." 

Near Cowbridge, which has no castle or other important object of antiquity to boast of 
except a tumulus and part of a cromlech, is Llanblethian Castle^ otherwise called St, QuintitCs 
Castle^ whose entrance gateway, ivy-covered, would indicate a place at one time of great 
extent and strength. This castle had its origin in the Norman conquest of Glamorgan, when 
the lordship of Llanblethian fell to the share of Sir Robert St. Quintin, one of Fitzhamon's 
companions. "To Robert de Sancwintin," says the Brut^ "was given the lordship of 
Llanfleiddian-fawr and the royal burg of Pontfcun " (Cowbridge). The castle, which was 
probably first built as a Norman stronghold by De St. Quintin, on a site which is said to have 
been previously occupied by a British place of defence and centre of a lordship, stands on 
high ground on the western bank of the little river Daw, 

The St Quintin family are said to have continued to enjoy the castle and lordship until 
the time of Henry III. The property afterwards came into the hands of the Herberts 
of Swansea, and thence to the Marquess of Bute. (See De St. Quintin of Lianbieiddian.) 

In the same immediate neighbourhood, commanding views of exquisite richness and 
beauty, is the castle of JJandough^ with its contiguous little parish church, already partly 
noticed. Llandough or Llandocha lordship came to Sir William Herbert from his great- 
grandmother, daughter and heir of Sir Matthew Cradock, Kt., who had here one of his 
principal residences. The castle of Llandough was not a military stronghold, but a 
castellated mansion. It is now inhabited by the Rev. T. Stacey. 

Pmlline Castle (now the seat of John Homfray, Esq.) has been a place of note from the 
twelfth century, when it became the property of a Norman settler named Sir Robert Norris, 
vice-comes^ or sheriff of the lordship under Robert of Gloucester, successor and son-in-law of 
Fitzhamon. The Norris family continued at Penlline for several generations; were in 
possession at the time of. Spencer's survey; and ceased in the male descent with Sir John 
Norris, Kt. 

Bcaupre Castle^ also near Cowbridge, is a complete and picturesque ruin standing in a field 
between St. Hilary and St. Mary Church. Tradition relates that prior to the Norman 
subjugation of Glamorgan, a British fortress existed on the spot, and the early Welsh name 
of the place is said to have been Maes Essyllt^ which some have considered as the proper 
original of Beau-prk (Fair-meadow). Maes certainly means a field, but how essyllt can be the 
original of the French /r^ or the English " meadow " we know not. D. Jenkin's MS. has it 
(P- 457) that this Maes-Essyllt was the ancient and "favourite abode of the Sissyllt family, 
from whom are descended the noble family of Cecil, Marquises of Exeter and Salisbury," and 
that " Llewelyn ap Sissyllt [Prince of North Wales], who inherited the principality of South 
Wales in right of his wife \_d, circa 1020], frequently held his court at this place." In this 
princely line the lordship is reported to have continued until it was purchased {temp, 
Henry IL) by Sir Philip Bassett, Lord Chief Justice of England, a near descendant of John 
Bassett, chancellor or vice-comes to Robert Fitzhamon. We believe the lands of Beaupre have 



ANTIQUITIES— BEAUPRE CASTLE; LLANXARFAN. 71 

ever since continued in the family of Bassett, although the place of residence has been 
removed to a little distance, and the original seat allowed to fall to ruin. (See Basset 
of Beaupre,) 

The entrance-porch of this ruin is at once an extremely beautiful specimen and a 
peculiar medley of architecture containing Italian features, held by some to be the earliest of 
that order introduced into England. The age, as shown by a date over th« entrance, is 1586, 
and the work was done by a native of the neighbourhood, Richard Twrch by name, who 
acted in the double capacity of architect and working builder. The story is that this man 
and his brother William were stonecutters (temp, Edward VI.), and worked the Sutton 
freestone quarries ; that, a disagreement arising between them, Richard left the country, and 
for many years worked at his trade in London, and afterwards in Italy, where he attained 
" great proficiency in the science of architecture and the arts of masonry and sculpture." At 
last, returning to his native neighbourhood, he re-entered upon his former business at Sutton 
quarries, and executed work in a manner so superior as soon to command admiration and 
large employment He was engaged by the Bassetts-to build at Beaupre Castle first the chapel 
in the year 1586, and afterwards the porch in 1600. This porch is in the three Greek orders, 
the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, wrought with an elegance and delicacy not often to be seen 
in structures of much later date and by the most celebrated architects. It is remarkable, 
however, that the doorway arches in the porch and chapel are in pointed Gothic, while all 
besides is in the composite Grecian. See a paper on this subject by lolo Morganwgy Cambr. 
Jaurn.^ v., 138. 

Fonmon Castle^ Penmark Castle^ and Wenvoe Castle^ all of Norman origin, and noticed 
elsewhere, lie in the south-eastern part of the county, not far from the sea. (See Jones of 
Fonmon Castle^ Thomas of Wenvoe^ 2Xi^Jenner of Wenvoe,^ 

Uancarfan^ in this same district, is a place of antiquarian and historic interest, chiefly as 
the site of an early monastery, and as the birthplace of the celebrated chronicler, Caradoc 
of Llancaifan. Caradoc lived in the twelfth century, but of the details of his life little is 
known. His memorial is in his yfor\iy Brut y Tywysogion, — "Chronicle of the Princes of 
Wales," several copies of which in MS. have come down to our time, varying con- 
siderably in dialect, and in the copiousness of their narrative, but substantially agreeing in 
their factSy as copies of the same original work, modified by different transcribing editors of 
different ages and provinces, might be expected to do. For the Bruty in four different 
recensions, see Myvyrian ArchaoL of WaleSy vol. ii. 

The monastery of Llancarfan, called also Llanfeithin, is said to have been founded by 
Germanus. Dubricius {Dyfrig) has the credit of having been its first head, or abbot, before his 
appointment to the see of Llandaff. This college sent forth six missionaries to convert 
" the Scots of Ireland." The monastery of Llancarfan is believed to have been destroyed 
about 1400, by the Normans, since which time we find no mention of its affairs. 

The celebrated cromlech of St Nicholas, known by the name of Llech y Filasty is the 
largest in superficial measurement in Britain, being in length twenty-four feet, in greatest 
breadth seventeen feet, by about two and a half feet in thickness. The cubic measurement 
of this magnificent flag is three hundred and twenty-four feet. A crack runs across at about 
six feet firom the narrower end. The supporting stones, five in number, prop it up at a 



7a GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

height of some six feet, and enclose, on three sides, an apartment not less than sixteen feet 
by fifteen. One of the supporters forms a wall sixteen feet in length. Truly a stupendous 
tomb I A companion eromlah at Dyffryn, at a short distance from the former, measures 
fourteen feet by thirteen feet in the widest part, supported by three stones above seven feet 
high. These, and Arthur's Stone, in Gowcr, already described, are the chief pre-hUtoric 
remains in Glamorganshire. 

In passing from Lanhvit-major and Uantar/an, by Si. Fagan's, to Llandaff, it is im- 
possible not to feel that we are treading at every foot on ground possessing peculiar interest 
in the history of the Christian Church in Britain. These were all early settlements of the 
faith. Dyfrig, Catwg, Illtyd, and Dewi, and considerably earlier, Fagan, are foremost names 
in the ecclesiastical antiquities of Wales, and all of them were intimately connected with 
the Vale of Glamorgan. 



^€ 




Ancient Cross at Llandafv. 

The cathedral church of Uandaff, whose more recent history has akeady been noticed, 
is said to have been invested with the dignity of a chief church, wtiose head pastor was 
an overseer of neighbouring pastors, in other words a bishop, as early aa the fifth century. 
^yMi (Dubricius), akeady named as first abbot of the monastery of Llancarfan, was its first 
bishop, and next to him was Teih. By the liberality of Meurig, King of Glamorgan, all the 
lands between the rivers Taff and Elwy were conferred upon this church. The early 
structure, on the same spot as the present cathedral (see engravings, pp. 4^8-9)> was 
repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt during the incursions of the Saxons, Danes, and Normans, 
and the contentions of the British princes among themselves. The cathedral, out of the 
dilapidations of which the beautiful pile now standing forth in its renovated glory has arisen, 
was a work of the time of Henry I., and the year given for its foundation is a.d. it 30, 



ANTIQUITIES— LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL. 73 

Urban being then the bishop. The conquest of Glamorgan by the Normans, and the 
barbarities therein practised, had reduced the former sanctuary to ruins, and the work was 
now to be done from the foundations. It took about sixty years to complete the nave, and 
eighty more to complete the choir, or " eastern chapel." 

It was during the progress of this work (a.d. ii88) that Giraldus Cambrensis, in company 
with Archbishop Baldwin of Canterbury, on their tour through Wales preaching the Crusades^ 
visited Llandaff. He says little about the cathedral, and makes no allusion to its building; but 
from what he incidentally mentions we are given to understand that the church had then a "high 
altar," — an essential part, of course, in a church of the twelfth century, but a part which here 
might be only substitutionary and temporary. " On the following morning," he says (//r«., 7), 
" the business of the cross being publicly proclaimed at Llandaf, the English standing on one side^ 
and the Welsh on the other [showing a sharp line of race distinction !], many persons of each 
nation took the cross ; and we remained there that night with William [de Salso Marisco], 
bishop of that place, a discreet and honourable man. The word Llandaf signifies the church 
situated upon the river Taf^ and is now called the church of St. Teileau \Teilo is spelt by 
Giraldus to suit the Norman-French pronunciation], formerly bishop of that see. The arch 
bishop having celebrated mass early in the morning before the high altar of the cathedral, 
we immediately pursued our journey by the little cell of Ewenith [we must suppose that 
Giraldus, pursuing a too northerly route, had not seen Maurice de Londres' great monastery 
of Ewenny, which by this date was building, if not complete, — see p. 523] to the noble 
Cistercian monastery of Maigan." 

The cathedral which was in process of building in the twelfth century had become a 
crumbling pile by the eighteenth. Browne Willis, writing of it in 1715, says, " The glorious 
structure has fallen into a most deplorable state of decay within these few years." The 
southern tower at last fell. The authorities now collected a sum of money, and set to work 
to '^ deface " what remained, and to add to it incongruous deformities by way of supposed 
restoration and improvement It was now that those objectionable features were introduced, 
already referred to at p. 471. The nave, however, "was left roofless, and St. Mary's Chapel 
deserted." Thus it continued until the modem restoration, which has ended in so much 
majesty and beauty. (See pp. 467 — 471.) 

" The western facade of our cathedral," says Dean Conybeare, in a paper in the ArchceoL 
CambrensiSy " is a very beautiful and characteristic specimen of the transition between the 
later Norman and early pointed styles contemporaneously with the age of our Richard Coeur 
de Lion. It appears to rest on the clearest evidence that the principal features of this new 
style — its pointed arches with its multifoil or cuspidated mouldings — ^were borrowed from 
Saracenic architecture, and first introduced by the influence of the Crusades; and we 
therefore naturally associate the style so derived with the name of a monarch so identified 
with these military adventures." 

" Our western fa9ade presents a specimen of this style, exquisitely beautiful, and nearly 
unrivalled for the elegance and simplicity of its composition and execution, and, from the 
great predominance of its pointed over its Norman features, seems to be a late example of the 
transition style. It is composed of three stories, besides the extreme angle forming the upper 
termination of the pediment. Of these three stories, the lowest exhibits the great western 
doorway, which is Norman just so far as its rounded arch can entitle it to that denomination ; 



74 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

but this is supported by triple clustered columns with slender shafts, surmounted by capitals 
with long thin necks, overhung by protruding foliage, intermingled with birds, apes, and 
human figures, all marked characters of the confirmed pointed style" 

" The second story of the western facade presents three narrow and lofty lancet windows, 
which, with their two intermediate piers, are faced by an arcade of five lancet arches, 
alternately broader and more narrow, the former corresponding with the windows, the latter 
with the dividing piers. The third, or sub-pedimenlary story, exhibits a central window with 
an arch very nearly, if not exactly round. This is flanked on either side by an arcade 
gradually lowering, which is formed by a series of three arches. ... All the shafts and 
capitals of this arcade are still of the early pointed style." 




CaSTKI.I. CnCH, 



Following the Taffa few miles to the interior, we come in view of Castell Cock (the Red 
Castle ; so called by reason of the colour of its stones, taken probably from the durable red 
dolomite of the Radir beds). This picturesque ruin stands boldly on a craggy declivity 
facing the Taff, high enough to command a view of the Channel beyond Cardiff, and of the 
mountain gorges and passes inland, — a most important post to watch and gu^ird against 
incursions from the Vale of Glamorgan into the hilly parts, and the contrary. The age of the 
structure is not known, but the spot is believed to be the site of the castle of Itvr Bach, the 
chieftain of short stature but puissant spirit mentioned by Giraldus (see p. 501), who broke 
into Cardiff Castle, carried off William, Earl of Gloucester, his wife and son into the 
woods, and declined their release until his demands were fully satisfied. The present castle 
is thought to be a Norman work of later date than Ivor's time ; but of its builder and its 
subsequent history next to nothing is knowiL Ivor Bach, at the very time of the above 



AXTIQriTlES~''AFRFH:L: V \" r. T -i 

exploit, was holding his lands in fee from the Lot ! o:' i.j'.ir.'. -r^an. »?;;:•.". he ■.rv.-ir.s'-i^. ar 1 
it was inevitable that sooner or later a post so imporunt as Cajte'.^ Coch should beco:re i 
mere outpost of Cardiff Castle, and in cornectio:i w:;h Cae-p ■.:'.!>■, I/.i-rriKti-.t. ani Co'.:r 
Castles, serve in checliing the Wtlsh and c-Jttir.j cr. :he:r re:r«: w 'er: rivsjrr- :'-« V-le of 
Glamorgan. 



Caerphiily Cast.'e is the grandest and most \i»ni,ie"ji r. 
have already given a large engraving shon'ing the vasn'.fs: ni 
ifibt frenthpUci), and here supply two others, t^e ore s:v::".; 
bleak hills of Scnghcnydd, the other a vii^n- oi i:s vc.v.t. u: 
strange obscurity rests upon the numt of this fonre'*. '\'.-.<: ■. 
(a corruprion of St. Cenydd, who is said in the £'i.f ti h-. 
spot), is both familiar and intelligible, but the mo>:-.-rn C.7ir 
components are Welsh, Caerphiii, is a perfect puzz'.e. H'l-.v : 
man can tell. Conjecture, therefore, has been rife i an \ ihi 
derivations have been proposed. It were beneath the i:i~n:!; 



«r Y'^.i.^i.. We 
cm cTie of it* siles 
'oi;::on anior.g the 

It-.ir.m.: tower. .■% 
■- rame, Sttii^kttts SJ 
1 monastery on ihe 
ire rorrecdy, i: the 




key among the archives of Greek or I„-itin. and we have bcon acrordingly offered dtrd-filiit, 
on the assumption that some one's " beloved daughter " had held some relation to the place 
The wise in the legendary lore of Britain would fetch the word from Belt Maicr. and supply 
Caer'BM—toqffiVaTi% that the name to be explained is in reality of comparatively modem 
manufacture. Edward Lhw>-d makes it to be Caer-vyli, " the king's stronghold or city," from 
vat, a king. But did the Welsh contain such a word for " king " in the thirteenth centurj- ? 
And was Caerphilly die city of a king at any time, except in one or two instances as a plare 
of temporary lodgment ? Others have an idea that the name may be from PM//>, Wf 



76 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

know of no " Philip " who called this cattle his own. Philip ap Meredydd, of Cilsant, once 
held the castle for a time, and entertained there 500 horsemen, and it has been ingeniously 
suggested that the name might have arisen from that circumstance. But Philip ap Meredydd, 
it is to be remembered, lived in the fifteenth century, for his son. Sir Thomas Philips, 
received the honour of knighthood, according to the late Sir Thomas Phillipps, of Middlehill 
— a branch of the Cilsant stock — in 1511, and we have ground for believing and showing 
hereafter that this castle went by the name Caerphilly long before his age. 

On the partition of Morganwg by Fitzhamon, ana a.d. 1092 — 1094, this lordship, under 
the British name Saingkenydd, fell to the share of Einion ap Cadifor ap CoUwyn {Brut y 
Tywysog.). A.D. 1217, Llewelyn the Great, during one of his victorious marches through the 
south, gave the castle, called by the same chronicle Seinkenyd, to his son-in-law, Reginald 
de Brcos, after Rhys Fychan had attacked it, and the garrison, out of fear, had set fire to 
both castle and town. In 1221 John de Breos repaired the castle of ^un^ .ttrnvrf. In 1270, 
for the first time, we meet in the Brut a form of the new name Caerphilly. " In that year 
Llewelyn ap Gruffydd took the castle of Caer Filu " At this time the castle and lordship of 
Caerphilly were held by Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester, Lord of Glamorgan. The 
reason of the change of name m the Brut from Senghenyd to Caer-Filu, is the one thing to 
be found out The time when these entnes were actually made in the Brut of Caradoc is 




not of much importance ; for whenever made they must be presumed to give the castle its 
proper name for the time being — "Senghenyd " when it was called Senghenyd, and " Caer- 
filu " when it came to be called Caerfilu. Neither in person, place, nor event can we discover 
a plausible reason for the new and ever since persistent designation. 

The first of the De Clares who possessed this lordship was Gilbert above named, sur- 



ANTIQUITIES— CAERPHILLY CASTLE. 77 

named " the red ; " but how he obtained it is not quite clear. Some say it was by purchase. 
Like most of the Lords of Glamorgan he held immense estates in England, and was a man 
of foremost influence and activity under Henry III. and Edward L, and married Joan of 
Acre, daughter of the latter. The repulse he met when attempting to arrest the lordship of 
Miskin and castle of Llantrisant from the line of lestyn has already been mentioned. How 
much of the castle, now in ruins, existed in his time it is impossible to say. Dying in 1295, 
he left his vast possessions, including Caerphilly Castle, to Gilbert, his son by Joan, a boy 
only ^ve years of age. He grew up a strong partisan of Edward II., and in defence of his 
failing cause fell in the battle of Bannockbum, a.d. 13 14, in the twenty-third year of his age, 
leaving no issue, when his manor and castle devolved upon his three sisters, the eldest of 
whom, Eleanor, married Hugh le Despencer the younger, who in her right became, as Lord 
of Glamorgan, seised of Caerphilly Castle. 

Hugh Despencer was at once the most splendid and most unfortunate of the lords of 
Caerphilly. He so far enlarged, strengthened, and decorated the fortress that the fallen and 
crumbling masses which now open such a field of desolation to the beholder may be said to 
be the ruins of Despencer's castle. He, like De Clare, was devoted to the feeble Edward. 
In 1326 the king fled to Bristol, pursued by the queen and barons of the kingdom, but 
encouraged to persist by the two Despencers, father and son. The elder Despencer was 
executed at Bristol ; and the younger, with the king, fled. There is confusion in the accounts 
of subsequent events and their scfquence — the embarking for Ireland, or Lundy Island ; the 
refuge at Neath Abbey ; the defence of Caerphilly Castle ; the escape thence, and the 
subsequent capture of Despencer and the king near or at Llantrisant ; and the execution of 
the former at Hereford, &c. : but it is certain that in 1326 the younger Hugh Despencer, 
after his father's execution, and after the concealment at Neath Abbey, had the king with 
him at Caerphilly Castle, and that they were here hotly besieged by the queen's forces, under 
command of Roger Mortimer, who, besides serving her Majesty, claimed the castle as his 
inheritance by a right preceding that of Despencer, viz., the will of Joan of Acre, his mother 
by her second husband, Ralph de Mortimer. 

The investing army on this occasion is said by some to have numbered 10,000 men, but 
the same number is assigned as the investing army under the Glamorgan insurgent, Llewelyn 
BreUy who is said to have reduced the castle in 1315 ; and it is just possible that the two 
sieges are confounded. Although Despencer and his master seem to have thrown themselves 
into the castle precipitately, they must have contemplated such a step long before, and 
Despencer had counted the cost of defending his stronghold against a formidable attack. 
Improving upon the work of De Clare, he had built a castle second to none in the kingdom ; 
he felt that he and the king, with a few jiartisans, had to confront the popular cause supported 
by the queen and the barons of England, and that the estimation in which he and his family 
were held presaged no good if he failed in the conflict. He had therefore entrenched himself 
strongly, gathered the largest force available, stocked his fields and his bams, and laid in 
provisions on an immense scale. 

The castle being of vast extent, there has been no end of exaggeration respecting the 
number of live animals and other provisions laid up within the walls preparatory to the siege. 
We hear of " 2,000 fat oxen, 12,000 cows, 25,000 calves, 30,000 fat sheep, 600 draught- 
horses, and a sufficient number of carts for them, 2,000 fat hogs; of salt provisions 200 



78 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

beeves, 600 muttons, 1,000 hogs ; 200 tuns of French wine, 40 tuns of cider and wine the 
produce of Despenccr's own estates, with wheat enough to make bread for 2,000 men for 
four years, and salt filling the great round tower (now 'the leaning tower'), being laid up 
within the castle. But the extravagance of this account is patent. The truth probably is 
that Despencer had provided food to this extent on his estates, partly within and partly 
without his castle ; but that he had driven within his walls, even if the walls were sufficiently 
capacious to admit, such a multitude of live cattle, hogs, horses, and sheep, which would 
require for their daily sustenance such an amount of provision, is totally incredible on any 
other supposition than that of his suicidal folly. We believe the story has arisen from the 
confounding of preparations for this siege with other and later accounts we have of the great 
wealth of the Despencers in cattle as well as in money. Another Despencer, Thomas (the 
last of his race), Lord of Glamorgan, and, by restoration, of Caerphilly, on petitioning 
Parliament for the reversal of the sentence of banishment pronounced against his forefather, 
Hugh Despencer, delivered an inventory of the said Hugh's territories and property at the 
time of his impeachment. From this we find (see Collins^ Peerage) that this Hugh Despencer 
was lord ot not less than fifty-nine lordships in various counties in England and Wales, was 
possessed of 28,000 sheep, 1,000 oxen and steers, 1,200 kine with their calves, forty mares 
with their colts of two years, 160 drawing horses, 2,000 hogs, 3,000 bullocks, 40 tuns of wine, 
600 bacons, fourscore carcasses of Martinmas beef, 600 muttons in his larder, ten tuns of 
cider ; armour, plate, jewels, and ready money better than ;^io,ooo, thirty-six sacks of wool, 
and a library of books." 

All this bustle at Caerphilly, we may remember, took place after the conquest of Wales 
by Edward I. But that conquest had nothing or little to do with Glamorgan — this Lordship 
Marcher, since the time of Rufus, being a fee under the English king. And this Edward II., 
who was now being hunted about by his own queen and subjects, and hiding his head at 
Caerphilly, was a son of that conqueror of Wales, as well as father of an equally puissant 
soldier, Edward the Black Prince. Queen Isabella's forces succeeded in reducing this great 
fortress, whose defence was, at least in part, conducted for Despencer by John de FeltOD. 
It took a great deal of arrow-throwing, stone-throwing with the baliistay and battering with 
ponderous rams, before a breach was effected. This was made, it is said, near the " leaning 
tower," which was thrown out of its perpendicular, if report be true, by an explosion, but far 
more likely by undermining, either at that time or subsequently. As the castle was long 
inhabited after this attack, such a leaning tower would scarcely have been allowed to continue 
to mar the structure and record the disaster, so that the fracture is more likely to be the 
result of later attacks, either by Owen Glyndwr (a.d. 1400) or during the Civil War. 

For four generations the Despencer family suffered degradation, until another Hugh, 
mentioned above, succeeded, temp, Edward III., in recovering a vast amount of his fore- 
fathers' landed estates, but had scarcely completed this success when death overcame him. 
He left a widow, but no issue. He was followed by his brother Edward, by his brother's 
son Edward (who went with the Black Prince to France, fought at Poictiers, and is styled 
by Froissart "a great baron and good knight," died at Cardiff 1365), and by the same 
Edward's son, Thomas, who died on the scaffold at Bristol for treason a.d. 1400, when 
all his estates were confiscated. His daughter and heiress, Isabel, married as her second 
husband Richard de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. (See The Despencers.) 



ANTIQUITIES— CAERPHILLY CASTLE. 79 

The Beauchamps and the Nevilles, Earls of Warwick, next Lords of Glajnorgan by 
marriage alliance, were men of great note and splendour, and passed away in rapid 
succession, their line ending in heiresses who married princes and kings. During their 
brief day of stately magnificence we hear little of Caerphilly Castle, or whether it always 
continued in the same succession, but have much reason to believe that soon after the 
extinction of the Despencer glory it was allowed to fall into neglect. It was at last used as 
a prison, and finally dismantled after the Civil War. Leland, circa 1540, describes " Cairfilly 
Castelle " as " sette among marisches, where be ruinous walles of wonderfuU thicknesse, and 
a toure kept up for prisoners." It is the property of the Marquis of Bute. After lying 
long in silent desolation, visited only by the curious tourist and antiquarian, its repose was 
broken in July, 187 1, by a great gathering of archaeologists, for whose reception the great 
hall of the castle had been fitted up with considerable magnificence. The noble owner, who 
presided, invited his guests to a sumptuous luncheon in the ancient banqueting-hall of the 
Despencers. roofed in for the occasion, and the entertainment was continued by a discourse 
on the castle from G. T. Clark, Esq., of Dowlais, and by inspection of the plan and chief 
features of the fortress, and the wilderness of ruins lying about. Will there ever be another 
great event at Caerphilly Castle ? 

The extent of this fortress when in its glory it is now hard to ascertain ; but it is believed 
that the walled castle, with its projecting earthworks and redoubts, covered not less than 
thirty acres of ground. Lewis has described the castle as follows : — " The buildings in the 
several courts, together with a spacious area, were enclosed within a lofty outer wall of great 
thickness, defended by square towers at intervals, between which a communication was kept 
up by an embattled corridor. In the outer court were the barrack for the garrison, and from 
it was an entrance through a magnificent gateway flanked by two massive hexagonal towers, 
leading by a drawbridge over the moat into an inner ward, from which was an eastern 
entrance into the extensive court that contained the state apartments, by a massive gateway, 
strongly defended with portcullises, of which the grooves are still remaining : the western 
entrance to this court was also over a drawbridge, through a splendid arched gateway, 
defended by two circular bastions of vast dimensions. The coiirt in which were the superb 
ranges of state apartments is seventy yards in length and forty in width, enclosed on the 
north side by a lofty wall strengthened with buttresses, and in the intervals pierced with 
loopholes for the discharge of missiles, and on the other sides by the buildings and the 
towers which guarded the entrances. The great hall^ on the south side of the quadrangle, is 
in a state of tolerable preservation, and retains several vestiges of its ancient grandeur. This 
noble apartment was seventy feet in length, thirty feet wide, and seventeen feet high, and 
was lighted by four lofty windows of beautiful design, on which the ogee-headed arches, 
richly ornamented with fruit and foliage, are finely wrought in the Decorated style. Between 
the two central windows are the remains of a large fireplace, of which the mantel is highly 
embellished in beautiful and elegant detail: on the walls are clusters of triple circular 
pilasters, resting upon ornamented corbels at the height of twelve feet from the floor, and 
rising to the height of four feet, for the support of the roof, which appears to have been 
vaulted. The suite comprises various other apartments of different dimensions, and of 
corresponding elegance, in a greater or less degree of preservation. Near the south-east 
angle of the central building is the armory, a circular tower of no great elevation ; and 



8o GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

almost adjoining is the Meaning tower.* This tower, already referred to above, and 
pictured in the engraving, is eleven feet out of the perpendicular, and is seventy feet in 
height. Near the armory is a spacious corridor, above one hundred feet in length, in the 
wall of the inner enclosure, communicating with the several apartments, and with the guards 
who were stationed in the embattled towers which protected the walls." The position of 
the stables, and yards for horse exercise, &c., is ascertainable ; showing provision for men-at- 
arms and garrison forces, storing places for material, &c., on a scale unequalled, it is 
believed, in any feudal castle in the kingdom. 

As might be expected, Caerphilly Castle at one time occupied a large space in the 
popular imagination ; tales respecting the exploits of its besiegers and defenders were 
numerous ; even to this day it is doubtful whether the apparitions of the mailed and fierce 
De Clares and Despencers are not occasionally seen flitting among its broken and gloomy 
ramparts. The wholesale spoliation and cruelty practised by the latter family towards the 
inhabitants burnt deep into the native mind. Whenever a man's lands were cleared of cattle, 
or his house of goods, it was known that Despencer had been at work. Hence arose the 
popular saying (which to this day plays on the lips of the peasantry), when anything was 
hopelessly lost, "It's gone to Caerphilly;" and when an excited temper bade its object depart 
to the worst and hottest of places, the volition went forth in the energetic words, " Go to 
Caerphilly ! " This saying is old, for we find it in the works of the bard Dafydd ap Gwilym^ 
circa A.D. 1380^ the period cf the later Despencers, — 

A gen y gwr gan ei gi, a'i gorff el i Gaerffili ! 
" Let his soul pass into his dog, and his body go to Caerphilly ! '* 

When Caerphilly Castle was in its prime, and Castell Coch and Llantrisant co-operating 
with it to protect the lordship of Glamorgan, and its heart the castle of Caerdyf against the 
free children of the mountains, there existed in the Valley of Rhondda Fach, not far oflf, an 
important monkish establishment, of which, at present, not a single trace is discoverable — 
the Monastery of Penrhys, Dugdale says nothing of it \ Bishop Tanner does not name it ; 
but here and there in the Welsh records, in the songs of the bards, and allusive expressions 
of annalists, it often occurs. The " Holy Well," near its site, still pours forth its pellucid 
waters, — full of virtue, it used to be believed, to cure the ailments of pilgrims. According to 
Mr. Llewelin, who personally inspected the place (^Cambrian JoumcU^ 1862), "the spring, 
which is entered by stone steps, is arched over, and at the back, above the spring, there 
stands a niche, in which it is evident that there stood originally an image of the Virgin, to 
whom the monastery was dedicated." He adds, " When I visited Pen Rhys about twenty 
years ago, some portions of the monastery existed, though incorporated with modern 
erections, and diflScult to identify. The present farmhouse of Pen Rhys has been erected 
on the site of the ancient monastery. . . . The bam, which stands in a field near the 
house, called to this day * Y Fynwant,' or the churchyard, was formed, to a considerable 
extent, out of portions of the ancient monastic buildings ; one of the windows, and parts of 
the old walls of which were, at that period, very clearly discernible." 

Since that time, however, a new spirit has entered the Rhondda Valley, which cannot 
afford room for other rubbish than its own. Deep pits, tall chimneys, whistling engines, 
long-drawn-out villages, with teeming multitudes of men, women, and children, white by 



ANTIQUITIES— CARDIFF CASTLE. 8i 

nature but black from coal, are now the visible objects; and it is hard to believe that this vale 
was once the gem of Glamorgan for its lovely scenery, and the calm and silent home of 
drowsy, bead-counting monks — who, however, for the times, were not without their use. 

The monastery of Pen Rhys is supposed to have been founded by Robert, Earl of 
Gloucester, the successor of Fitzhamon as Lord of Glamorgan, and grandson, on his mother's 
side, of Rhys ap Tewdwr ; and tradition says that it was built as a memorial of that celebrated 
prince, who is held by many to have fallen in this neighbourhood, and not, as is more probable, 
near Old Brecknock. In the " lolo MSS." it is said that on the spot where Prince Rhys 
was beheaded, " at a place called Pen Rhys, was afterwards erected the great monastery of 
that name in the parish of Ystrad-dyfodwg ; " and over his grave " was raised a large tumulus 
near the monastery, which is called Bryn y Beddau, i. e,, the hill (or tumulus) of graves." 
The same allusion to the monastery is found in Rees Meyrick's Morganicz ArcIuEographie^ 
1578. In the lolo MSS. it is recorded, "After the insurrection of Owain Glyndwr had 
come to an end, the monastery of Pen Rhys was suppressed, and its possessions sold by 
Henry V., about the year of Christ 1415, for the favour it had shown to Owain and his party." 
This partisanship had been discovered in the fact that a meeting of bards, held at the 
monastery, had been presided over by Owain Glyndwr during his raid into Glamorgan 
(a.d. 1402). That this meeting had taken place is a fact borne out by other evidence, for in 
Dr. John David Rhys*s learned grammar, Cambro-Brit Cytnracave Ling. Ittst.^ iS92> we find 
an ode to Wyrif Fair Wcnn Ben Rhys (Mary, the Fair Virgin of Pen Rhys), which was 
delivered at the congress by the bard Gwyiim Tew. 

Morlais CastUy near Merthyr Tydfil, is a ruin of whose history very little is really known. 
Planted on an eminence above the lesser Taff, it was evidently intended to guard the narrow 
valley against the enemy. But whether the enemy first provided against was Briton or 
Norman it is hard to say. On two sides it is made proof against assault by the deep escarp- 
ment of the valley, and on the remaining sides by a deep excavation in the rocks. In form 
it is an irregular pentagon. Part of the ruins are Gothic, which would suggest a Norman, or 
at least not pre-Norman origin. 

Cardiff Castle^ which comes last in our way to describe, was the cynosure of all the 
other strongholds of Norman Glamorganshire, as, through the development of new circum- 
stances and industries, it has come to be a centre of mighty influence of a different kind in 
our own day. At the mouth of the river Dyf^ now called Taff (from the same Celtic root 
with Tif, Teivi, Dovey, Tafwys, TTiames)^ the British princes of Morganwg had long planted 
their chief residence. Its site appears to have been the very mound on which the ancient 
keep of Cardiff Castle now stands (see p. 462). Morgan, and Gwrgant, and lestyn, the son 
of Gwrgant, had here their castle ; and Robert Fitzhamon, when he crushed the last-named 
ruler, appropriated the residence as well as the territory to his own use. The castle lies 
conveniently in the mid-distance between the champaign country stretching westward as far 
as Margam, and eastward as far as and beyond the Usk. It has never been doubted that on 
this spot the Norman pitched his tent, and that on this spot his successors continued their 
state and riot for four hundred years. 

The Britons, even after the Roman occupation, had not developed that type of civilization 
which creates large towns, a circumstance which scarcely of itself speaks to their disadvantage ; 



^ « GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

for it is hard to see any great superiority in the " civilization ** of such modern creations as 
the Seven Dials, or the crowded districts of the " Black Country.** At Caer-dyf, when lestyn 
ruled, and when the Normans conquered Glamorgan, there was no " town." The " Caer " 
first, the castle afterwards, was the only paramount interest existing, all the other atoms of 
mill, church, monastery, smithy, armory, gathered around it to draw for themselves succour 
and life. After several generations of Norman settlement, the dues payable to the Lord of 
Glamorgan from the town (" burgus ") of Cardiflf were not half the amount payable by the 
" mill." This is shown by the Extenta de Kairdiif returned, tenip, Henry III., or about 
A.D. 1262, already partly quoted (see pp. 40, 41). Of course the lord of the land at the 
castellum paid himself no taxes ; he felt it hard enough to have the trouble to receive, and to 
receive so little. He was responsible in life and service to his " sovereign lord, the King *' 
(souzerain, souverain \ Lat., superus\ and for the land he was to no other power responsible — 
a state of things to which the whole " land question " in England must by and by refer itself 
in order to encompass itself with light. The dues from " Kairdiif" in 1262 were as folio w*, 
as testified on oath by Robertus Upedyke, Stephanus Bagedrip, Richardus Lude, and nine 
other jurors : — 



Redditos burgi est [town return] . 

£t Molendina valent [mills, do.] . 

Et de prisa cervisie [prisage on beer— Cwrw] 

£t de piscaria [fishing] .... 

Et de theloneo mercati [market toll] 



xlvi o o 

xiiij o o 

viii o o 

• • • • 

mj o o 



Other miscellaneous but trifling charges follow, making a total of fourteen times twenty, 
and sixteen pounds sixteen pence, or ;^96 is. 4d., which only slightly more than doubles the 
mill dues alone. Where the " mills " were situated, or how many existed, it is of course 
impossible to say. There were more than one, and probably they were all on the 
river side. 

The earlier castle of Caer-dyf was doubtless strengthened and enlarged, if not entirely 
rebuilt, by Robert Fitzhamon, for it is not conceivable that the requirements of a Norman 
feudal fortress could be. met by the simple Uys^ or fortified palace, and Caer of a British 
chief Fitzhamon also surrounded the town with walls. He died 1102, and was buried at 
Tewkesbury. The castle whose remains still partially continue in the " ancient keep," is 
believed to have been chiefly if not wholly built by his successor and son-in-law, Robert of 
Gloucester, natural son of Henry I. He died 1147, and was succeeded as Earl of Gloucester 
and Lord of Glamorgan by his son William. The surprise and capture of the castle by 
Ivor Bach, the Lord of Castell Coch, related by Giraldus, who visited Caerdyf in 11 88, took 
place in his time (see p 43). The castle was then " surrounded with high wall^, guarded by 
one hundred and twenty men-at-arms, a numerous body of archers, and a strong watch, and 
the city contained many stipendiary soldiers." (/////., 6.) The name of the town at this 
early time was " Caer-zaT)^,*' of which the modern English Czidiff is a better representative 
than the modem Welsh Q,2Jtxdydd, So vas the Norm.-Latin KaJT'dii/ of the Exienta above 
quoted. In fact C^Lti-dydd is nothing better than a lapsus penruB which crept into the Brut; 
and its derivation from Aulus JDidms, the Roman general, is a pedantic makeshift. The 
name is taken from the river on which the " Caer " stood. 

For several generations, as the De Clares, Despcncers, Beauchamps, and Nevilles 



i 



ANTIQUITIES-CARDIFF CASTLE. 8j 

succeeded each other as I^rds of Glamorgan — taking, however, a far more prominent part 
in English than in Welsh affairs, and ruling with a sway more cruel than facile over 
Glamorgan, — we hear little of the castle of Cardiff as such. The estates which, after many 
changes, conGscations, restorations, and sales, remained to the lords of this castle, came at last 
by purchase from Edward VI. to the Herberts, and by marriage, in 1766, of John Stuarr, 
Earl, and anerwards Marquess of Bute, with the heiress of the Herberts, to the line of Bute. 
(See Bute, Marquess of.) 

The present residential castle of Cardiff was built by the first Marquess of Bute on part 
of the site of the ancient fortress. Of the latter scarcely anything remains except the "keep" 
illustrated on p. 46a, and the Curthose Tower, sometimes called the " Black Tower," standing 
on the left, close to the chief entrance from the town, and celebrated chiefly for having been 
the place of confinement, for the space of twenty-six or twenty-eight years, of Robert 
Curthose, Duke of Normandy, detained here by his brother, Henry I, 




The Curthusb Tower, CAanipr Castle. 
Robert had doubtless given both Rufiis and Henry a good deal of trouble both in 
Normandy and England, but no small part of their anxiety concerning him arose from the 
fact that as eldest son of the Conqueror he, by right of succession, was entitled to the throne 
of England. He fell into Henry's hands while drawing the sword to do battle for that 
throne. That his confinement, however, in Cardiff Castle until death, a.d. 1134, released 
him, was of the severe and cruel character generally represented, and that he had been 
deprived of his eyesight by command of Henry, are things by no means worthy of implicit 
credit. The story of the blinding by means of " a hot brass basin being held so near his 
face that the humours of the eyes thereby dried up," though related by Matthew Paris and in 
Caradoc's Brut, implies a brutality not quite in keeping with the indulgence generally 
granted him. William of Malmesbury, usually accurate, tells us that his imprisonment was 
made as easy as possible, and that he was supplied with an elegant table, buffoons to divert 
him, &c. True, indulgences of this kind might be granted to a blind man ; but there is a 
strange silence about this blinding where it might be expected to be mentioned. After 



84 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Robert had been confined about thirteen years, Lewis of France, suzerain of Normandy, 
brought a complaint before the Pope, a.d. 1119, respecting Henry's imprisonment and hard 
treatment of Robert, stating that he " treated him contrary to all right and reason," and " in 
a most scandalous manner made him prisoner and detained him in a long captivity ; " but of 
putting out his eyes nothing is said. (See Ord. Vitalis^ xii., 21.) 

In the same year Henry, in a conference with Calixtus, defends himself thus : — " I laid 
siege to Tinchebrai [in Normandy], the real cavern of demons, where William, Count de 
Mortain, brought my brother against me with a great army, and I fought against it on the 
Starved Field in the name of the Lord and for the defence of my country ; there by the aid 
of God, who knew the purity of my intentions, I conquered my enemies, making prisoners of 
both the count my brother, and his cousin, with many traitors, and I have detained them in 
close custody to the present day for fear of their causing some disturbance to me and my 
kingdom. As for my brother, I have not caused him to be bound in fetters like a captive 
enemy, but treating him like a noble pilgrim worn with long sufferings, I have placed him in 
a royal castle, and supplied his table and wardrobe with all kinds of luxuries and delicacies in 
great abundance." (Jbid.^ 24.) Could he thus ignore the cruel act of blinding if it had been 
done ? It is true that Robert, after this, continued nearly fourteen years a prisoner, and 
might in that space of time be subjected to worse treatment; and Henry's affectation of 
leniency, like his affectation of piety, may reasonably be taken with distrust ; but Robert's 
age at this time — for he was nearly eighty years old when he died in 11 34 — would both have 
made him a quiet prisoner, and inclined his brother to refrain from wreaking upon him 
unnecessary barbarities. But that Robert of Normandy was a prisoner in the Curthose 
Tower until he died is as well substantiated as any other historical fact. 

In A.D. 1402, "the irregular and wild Glyndwr" came with fire and sword to Glamorgan- 
shire, burnt the bishop*s palace, and the archdeacon's residence at Llandaff, then attacked 
and burnt Cardiff, with its castle and " religious houses," and proceeded to deal the same 
measure to the castle of Humfreville at Penmarky which he finally cast to the ground. He 
also in this incursion devastated the castles of Penlline, Landough, Flemingston, Dunraven, 
Talyvan, Llanblethian, Malefant, &c. 

In the Civil War, Cardiff, like many other towns in Wales, zealously espoused the cause 
of Charles I., and Cromwell was brought upon the scene. The castle was " bombarded from 
an entrenchment about a quarter of a mile to the west of the town, and a cannonade was 
kept up for three days ; the castle offered a stubborn resistance, but was afterwards taken 
through the treachery of a deserter, who in the night conducted a party of the besiegers 
through a subterranean passage under the Taafe into the castle." {Cardiff Guide^ 1829.) 
Of course, Cromwell profited from the deed and took the castle ; but, suo more, immediately 
commanded the traitor to be hanged. In 1642 the Marquis of Hertford surprised the 
castle, " having crossed over from Minehead with a few royalists ; but it was shortly after- 
wards retaken by the Cromwellians " {ibid,). In 1647, Colonel Prichard, the governor, 
refused to surrender the castle to Major-General Henry Stradling, the commander of the 
Royalists. 

In the Duke of Beaufort's Progress (1684) we find the following notes on the castle : — 
" The castle of Cardiff hath in it the coat armors of the twelve knights belonging to Robert 



ANTIQUITIES OF CARDIFF, ETC. 85 

Fitz Hamon, in^ho gained the dominion of the shire of Glamorgan from Justin ap Gwrgan in 
the reign of Wilhani Rufus, where he kept his court monthly, and used therein jura regalia^ 
having his twelve knights to attend him, . . . they having their severall lodgings and 
apartments given them, and their heires for ever within the castle." 

" Castle Hall, The chimney-piece is formed of the shields and coat armour of the said 
Robert Fitz Hamon and of his twelve knights about it." 

'* The Black Tower thereof is famous for the imprisonment of Robert of Gloucester [?], who 
remained there for the space of twenty-eight years, and had his eyes put out." 

Seal of t/ie Corporation of Cardiff. "1 have scratched off the Common Seal of Cardiflf, 
which was affixed to a Deed of Surrender of the Ancient Charter of this town to his Majesty, 
and which this community most humbly desired his Grace, the Duke of Beaufort, to deliver 
up accordingly. The form of which seal, as it appears to me (and 1 have exhibited [in 
engraving on margin] from a bare impression in soft wax received from the hands of Mr. 
Thomas Jeyne since the Progress), is, as to the circumscription, — s. commune de kerdif. 
As arms, I guess it to be — The field . . . [not filled] two lyoncels rampand combatant, 
. . . . ; upon a rock in base . . . ; a chief, . . . with an Inescocheon of the 
ensigns armorial of . . . ." 

Caerdiff Church is fair. " Adjoining to the north wall of the east end of the north aisle is 
seen the chiefest monument (almost gone to decay by the injury of time, and by neglect) of 
two brothers, Herbert. John Herbert^ who was principall secretary to Queen Elizabeth and 
King James, having had the honour of being employed in severall foreign embassies, viz., to 
Denmark, Poland, Holland, and France, &c. Sir William Herbert of Swansey, Knight, at 
whose quondam house there his Grace was enterteined in his Progress." 

The Priories of Cardiff, — In olden Cardiff there were " severall religious houses," which 
met with severe treatment from " the rude hands of that Welshman," as Shakspeare has it, 
Owen Glyndwr. Bishop Tanner {Not. Mon,) describes them as "[i] a goodly priory, 
founded by Robert, first Earl of Gloucester ; [2] a priory of black monks, or Benedictines ; 
[3] a house of black friars in Crockerton Street; [4] a house oi grey friars^ dedicated to 
Saint Francis^ under the custody or wardship of Bristol ; and also [5] a house of white 
friars." None of these orders experienced any favour from our hero except the Franciscans 
in "Crockerton Street." They, being firm adherents to the late King Richard, Owain*s 
friend, were carefully protected, and Crockerton Street (now " Crockherbtown **) was not 
burnt Leland says that Owain Glyndwr " spared the Friars Minors, on account of the love 
he bare them," but he " afterwards took the castle and destroyed it, carrying away a large 
quantity of treasure which he found therein ; and when the Friars Minors besought him to 
return them their books and chalices which they Had lodged in the castle, he replied, 
* Wherefore did you place your goods in the castle? If you had kept them in your convent, 
they would have been safe ' " {Collect.y i., 389), There still remains on the side of Crockherb- 
town towards the castle ground a portion of this old priory of the Franciscans, carefully 
protected by the friendly ivy; and this is probably the only visible memorial existing of all 
these " religious houses." 

The Roman camp on " Bryn y Gynnen," near Neath, is remarkable more for the memorial 



86 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

contained in the name than for the remains surviving — Bryn y Gynnen meaning " the hill of 
contention.'* But as the camp was probably used during disturbances long subsequent to the 
Roman age, it is quite possible that the designation is comparatively recent. 

The stone called Mam Uyihyrog^ on the hill near Margam, contained, as mentioned in 
Camden^ a rather doubtful inscription, but conjectured to read, Bodvocus hic jacit filius 
Catotis, Irni pronessos, eternalive doman (i. ^., " etemali in domo "). 

The age of the stone in the parish of Cadoxton, near Neath, considered by Edward 
Lhwyd as remarkable, is not known. Its name oi Maen dau lygad yrYch is from two cavities 
in its surface once serving as mortices to hold upright pillars, one of which, not long removed, 
was found at a gate by the road-side. It bore the inscription, Marci (or Memoria) Caritini, 
riLii Berici (or Btricii), See Gough^s Camden. 

The cross on Mynydd Gelli-Onnen, Llangyfelach, described by Edward Lhwyd in Camden^ 
is probably early. It was a flat stone, three inches thick, two feet broad at bottom, and 
about five feet high, with rounded top, " formed round like a wheel," and adorned with " a 
kind of flourish or knotted work," with a man*s face and hands on each side further down, 
and at the bottom ** two feet as rude and ill-proportioned as the hands and face." 

We must probably consider as pre-historic or " Druidic " the circUy mentioned also by 
Lhwyd in Camden on " Cam LUchari " hill. It is described as ** above seventeen or eighteen 
yards in diameter, the highest stone then standing not above one yard high." In the centre 
of the area was a Kistvaen about five feet long by four wide, the top stone fallen. 

Modem Cardiff — with which this work has little concern, except as it regards some of 
its chief families — may be summed under three heads, — the castle, the port, and an energetic 
municipal government. The increase of the town has been remarkably rapid (see p. 3) ; 
but it has too many of the features of a place marred morally by a seafaring and foreign 

intrusion and a rank licentiousness. In the suddenness of its rise it has been subject to a 

* 

disproportionate growth, but the law of a healthy community is asserting itself; intelligence 
and Christian culture are nourishing the youthful blood of a vigorous and orderly city, by 
and by to appear as distinguished for its moral tone as for its trade, wealth, and populousness. 



Section V.— INDUSTRY, CONDITION OF SOCIETY, AND CRLME IN 

GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Glamorgan.shire, beyond all other counties in the United Kingdom, I^ncashire itself not 
excepted, is distinguished for the fewness and at the same time stupendousness of its staple 
industries. They are three or four only in number, and all relate to minerals and metals. 
The copper mart for all the y)rld is at Swansea ; Merthyr, Dowlais, and surrounding places 
dig, melt, and work iron for all lands ; as for coal^ it has been already shown that nearly 60c 
square miles of the county belong to the coal measures, and these are being drawn upon as 
fast as home and foreign requirements and the capabilities of miners permit It is not the 
jprovince of such a work as the present to enter into the statistics or the methods of metal 



INDUSTRY— COPPER-SMELTING. 87 

lurgy and mining, otherwise in Glamorganshire a tempting field would be found open ; 
general references have been made to the development of the vast iron and coal trade of the 
county (see section Physical Description)^ and it only remains here to touch upon the copper- 
smelting^ which, being nearly peculiar to this county, possesses a more distinctive character. 

That mystery of trade — ^its tendency to group and concentrate its various branches — ^which 
has made Manchester the centre of cotton, and Sheffield the workshop of cutlery, has made 
Swansea the home of copper-smelting. The local supply of coal had something to do with 
the matter in all these cases, but it was not the only reason in any of them, for the coal of 
Glamorganshire might have told for cotton-mills as well as for copper- working, and the coal 
of Lancashire might have made Liverpool the emporium and furnace for copper. If people 
knew as much two centuries ago as is known at present. Mil ford Haven had been made the 
port for cotton, and the country from Pembroke to Glamorgan would have by this time 
become the land of chimney-stacks and spindles. 

Copper-smelting, 

Copper-smelting in Swansea and Neath had its origin in the nearness of the ports to the 
mines of Cornwall, and to the coal supply of their own locality. The trade, although largely 
developed within the present century, is by no means of recent beginning. In fact, it is 
entitled to be considered of some antiquity. Col. Grant-Francis, F.S.A., has industriously 
searched out the " rise and growth " of the trade, and has embodied the account in an 
interesting work (privately printed 1867) called The Smelting of Copper in the Swansea 
District^ from whose reliable pages we gather our information. The real cradle of the trade 
was Neath. Copper ore was worked at Treworth, " near Perin Sandes," in Cornwall, in 
1583 by a company whose head-quarters were at Fenchurch Street, London, and who in that 
year erected a " meltinge-house at Neath in Wales." To Neath was sent in 1584, from 
" Keswicke," one of the company's " copper makers with an under melter and y« Douch 
[Dutch] carpenter for a time to serve and ready him in these causes." The skilled workmen 
first employed seem to have been Dutch or German, the overlooker at the first melting-place 
at Neath being named Ulricke Frosse, having first been " a lovinge servaunt and ov'seer 6f 
y« minerall woorkes at Trewoorth." 

In July, 1585, after things had long gone on very slowly, with much anxiety and many pious 
committals of the enterprise to the care of Almighty God, Ulricke Frosse reports some 
progress. " We have founde out a waye to melte 24 c. of owre everye daye with one fumas, 
the Lord be thanked, and if we have owre anoughe fi-om yo'r side [Cornwall] we maye with 
God's helpe melte w'th tow [two] fumases in 40 weekes 560 tons of owre." October 4th 
following " came John Bwaple, one of Wales, with his bark for a frayght of copper owre, and 
[we] did delyver hem the 21 of October 15 ton and 8 hundred of copp' owre for Wales. 
The 15 October came one Thom's Roberts from Wales from the company, with a firaight of 
tymber and necessaryes for the workes." Still in 1586 not much progress had been made in 
the "meltinge," for Frosse writes to his superiors in London, "^e looke dayly for the 
copper refiner from Keswicke, and have in readines as much copper roste and blake copper 
as will make a 20 tonne of good fine copper. We have done nothing all this winter for lake 
of ewre. We are able to melte w'th two fumises in the space of 40 weekes the quantitie of 
560 tonne of ewre if wee might have it, and if the ewre be clean and well sorted the mor 



90 • GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

England." From the appliances which they had then by way of experiment set up, he 
thought that " they would produce manure enough for something like 40,000 acres of turnip 
every year." Supflphosphates have now become an important article for the agriculturist, 
and we would fain hope that no more " beautiful white smoke is seen rolling away over 
Kilvey Hill." 

The Nationality of Crime in Glamorgan. 

So peculiar is the composition of the population of this county that its social and moral 
phenomena may be expected to have some features of their own. Drawn together from all 
parts of the kingdom by the prospect of employment and high wages, and in many cases by 
the hope of shelter and prey, the crowded denizens of Merthyr, Aberdare, and Pontypridd, 
as well as of Swansea, Neath, and Cardiff, are not to be looked upon as belonging to the 
Welsh nation except in a qualified sense, and that nation cannot be properly credited with 
their good or bad qualities as citizens. It is established beyond question that Wales is 
distinguished for its comparative freedom from crime ; it is equally clear that the populous 
county of Glamorgan has more than the Welsh average of misdemeanants, and much more 
than the average of heinous crimes. These facts suggest unavoidably the questions. Is the 
prevalence of breaches of the law in Glamorganshire traceable to the mixed character of the 
inhabitants? and, What, among cases of conviction, ^is the proportion of Welsh persons to 
persons of other nationalities ? 

We are supplied with the following valuable observations on the general subject from the 
pen of J. C. Fowler, Esq., stipendiary magistrate for the Merthyr district, who beyond most 
others is qualified to speak upon it with authority : — 

" To a student of social characteristics nothing can be more interesting than the tracing 
of crime to its birthplaces. An investigation of this kind throws much valuable light upon 
the moral condition and social virtues and vices of any distinct populations, and on the 
incidents and circumstances which may be supposed to affect their conduct The immediate 
object of the following remarks is to discover and disclose how far the population of the 
Principality )deld to the temptation to crime, and what are the influences and circumstances 
which may be supposed to restrain them from )delding more than they do. 

" The Principality comprises twelve counties, of which the entire population is about 
1,250,000. Of this number more than 400,000 souls are found in the single county of 
Glamorgan; that is, one-third of the entire population of Wales. This county contains 
within its boundaries three very large parliamentary boroughs (of which two are great 
seaports), and also very extensive works of various kinds. All these commercial enterprises 
are carried on by the aid of large masses of Irish and English labourers and artificers. If 
any one will take the trouble to follow the accounts in the newspapers of the circuits of the 
judges of assize in Wales, he will perceive that their charges to the grand juries are almost 
always couched in complimentary terms in every county except Glamorgan. For example, 
on the 1 8th of July, 1871, the judge of assize at Carmarthen is reported to have 'con- 
gratulated the Grand Jury on the fact that the calendar contained so few cases for trial.* 
The number of prisoners was five. But the same judge is reported to have said in his 
charge to the Grand Jury of Glamorganshire on the 21st of the same month that 'he could 



NATIONALITY OF CRIME IN GLAMORGANSHIRE. 91 

not congratulate them on the appearance of the calendar,' which contained the fomiidable 
number of thirty-six prisoners, and disclosed many serioUs offences. The calendars of 
prisoners for trial at the Quarter Sessions for this county are also exceptiflhally long, — far 
longer than the great majority of English counties produce. It therefore becomes important 
and interesting to discover how far these unpleasant phenomena are attributable to native 
vice, and how much is due to the immigrant population. For this purpose we take a return 
which has been supplied by the governors of the county prisons of the birthplaces of all the 
prisoners who have been in their custody for the last five years. The total number of 
prisoners in the county gaol at Cardiff during the last five years was 8,226. Of this number 
no Jess than 2,133 '"^^^ English, lag Scotch, SSS foreigners, and 2,228 Irish, leaving a 
balance of only 3.1 81 Welsh prisoners out of the total of 8,226. 

" Again, the total number of prisoners who have been in the custody of the governor of 
the county gaol at Swansea during the last tin years was 7,857. Of these, 1,570 were 
English, 82 Scotch, 1,461 Irish, 191 foreigners, 14 natives of colonies, and 74 unknown, 
leaving a balance of 4,47 1 Welsh prisoners out of the total 7,857. Again, if the calendar of 
one Quarter Sessions is taken at random as a sample, it will be foimd that in October, 1869, 
ninety prisoners were committed for trial. It appears that only about fifty of this number 
were natives of Wales, and still fewer natives of the county of Glamorgan. And at the 
sessions of June, 1870, out of 74 prisoners for trial 37 were not natives of Wales. These 
local indications are entirely corroborated -by the general return of the birthplace of persons 
committed for t:ial in England and Wales. If the commitments for the year 1865 are 
examined, it appears that out of 98,656 commitments only 3,435 related to natives of Wales, 
while 18,569 were Irish cases. These facts and figures seem to establish the conclusion that 
though a dark shade of criminality has fallen upon the county of Glamorgan from the 
statistical returns supplied to the Legislature, it would be a grievous error to attribute it to 
the vicious tendencies of the native population. The fact is that whenever masses of persons 
are transferred from their native counties and parishes to distant localities, many powerful 
and restraining influences are withdrawn from them. Ireland is remarkably free from ordinary 
crime, but when the Irish are transplanted to England and Wales, they figure very darkly in 
the criminal statistics. The Welsh at home have the benefit of tnany restraining influences. 
The population is in general sparse, and consequently that natural-police exists which consists 
in everybody knowing everybody and their pursuits. Then the Welsh people have a strong 
sense of the importance of religion, and almost every family is connected with one denomi- 
nation of Christians or another. The result of these and other corrective circumst^ices is 
the happy and creditable fact that probably very few families resident in the rural districts of 
Wales, not excepting Glamorgan, would feel any apprehension in retiring to rest without 
taking any precautions whatever against nocturnal violence or intrusion," 

The question thus temperately and judiciously presented is worthy of the consideration of 
the county authorities, and administrators of justice. Our judges of assize, coming as 
comparative strangers, are struck with the contrast between the calendar of Glamorganshire 
and Monmouthshire and those of other counties of Wales (for Monmouthshire is in reality in 
Wales), and too readily ascribe the difference to density of population. The cause is a much 
more complex one — the admixture of foreign nationalities, and not always the best materials 
of those nationalities. These parts are also sadly blighted by "the curse of intemperance," 



92 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



the prolific breeder of crime. That ingenious contrivance of modem legislation whereby 
revenue is made by multiplying temptations to intemperance, and spent in providing police 
and prisons to curb and punish the resulting disorder and crime, displays its working in 
Glamorganshire with most deplorable effect. 



Sfxtion VI.— old and EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

The two classes of families belonging to this section— those that are totally extinct^ and 
those that are old^ but in some cases in the collateral and female descents not quite extinct — 
are unusually numerous in Glamorganshire. And it is noteworthy that in the former class is 
included a large proportion of foreign households introduced by the conquest of Glamorgan 
by the Normans. Glamorgan, in a far more marked degree than Brecknockshire, became a 
Normanized region, as the latter county was more Normanized than any of the remaining 
counties of Wales. The disappearance of the Norman families has been total and most 
remarkable. No favour of fortune has been able to prolong their race. To some extent, no 
doubt, this is attributable to the fact that notwithstanding their possession of large estates in 
this country, their homes were properly the other side the Severn; there they had their 
widest domains, their family sepulchres, their alliances, and in most cases there their 
descendants continued longest to flourish. This applies to the De Breoses, Despencers, 
De Londres, De Clares, Humfrevilles, Bronvilles, Flemings, &c. But even there, for long 
ages, the effigies that repose upon their tombs, and the names inscribed in the annals of old 
England, are the only memorials left of the pride and renown of many of them. It is not 
retribution, but the stem operation of natural law, before whose measured march all things 
human are made subject to incessant change, which has borne them away to oblivion. In Wales, 
of course, they were interlopers and unconscionable plunderers, but were not a whit worse 
than others of their time who had equal opportunities. Might was the patent to right in 
those days of violence, not only as taught by the gigantic trespass made by William the 
Bastard on the liberties and rights of Englishmen, but by the semi-barbarous sentiments of 
the age in all European lands. 

By reason of the dominance of the Normans in this county, and the entire change they 
effected, we shall give them precedence in the memorials here introduced. On the ground 
of antiquity of origin most of them are not entitled to much consideration as compared with 
the households they overthrew ; for they were, in the literal sense of the term, adventurers, 
obtained property and founded families by one stroke of pillage. Drawn from the " free 
companies " which traversed P'rance, selling their lance and battle-axe to the highest bidder, 
hosts of William's knights had left no homes in that land, and had come in his train merely 
from a hope of bettering their fortune. And they are entitled to be called "Normans" only 
by a sort of courtesy — assuming that there is something honourable in the name beyond the 
halo which our cowardly nature ever paints around the head of success. We have no proof 
that of the twelve knights who became lords in Glamorgan, and the dozens of others less 
distinguished who under their shadow settled on the lands of the Welsh, there were half a 
dozen men of Norman blood. William himself, as we have already shown, was but in small 



EXTINCT NORMAN FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 93 

part of Scandinavian origin. Not a seventh part of his subjects in the duchy of Normandy 
were anything else but Celts — the old race, somewhat mixed, of ancient Gaul. But in 
drawing together his great army of invasion he had gone out to all the neighbouring 
provinces of France, and notably into Brittany — that country of a purely Celtic race, next 
relations to the C)rmry of Wales ; and who will now say that most of the ** Normans " who 
became Lords of Morganwg under Fitzhamon were not of near consanguinity with the people 
whose lands they appropriated ? This is doubtless novel doctrine, but it necessarily follows 
from a candid scrutiny of historical facts. 



I — Extinct Famiijfs of '* Norman'' Descf.nt. 

Robert Fitzhamou, 

It has already been noted that Fitzhamon himself founded no family. Of four daughters 
he had, two embraced a religious life, and he was succeeded in his vast estates by his 
daughter Mabelia, or " Mabel," wife of his successor, Robert of Gloucester. Fitzhamon's name 
therefore disappeared with himself. But although a conqueror — and often after the Norman 
fashion disposed to rule with a strong hand, — and in spite of the fact that his rule extended 
only over a period of some dozen years, and left little space therefore to soften down the 
asperities of conquest, Fitzhamon left behind him a character not entirely hateful to the 
Welsh. He had qualities which tended, had the age been of a milder temper, to cause 
the burden of oppression to lie lightly upon his vassals. Of his antecedents we know little, 
except that he was nearly related to William the Conqueror, succeeded his father, Hamon 
Dentatus, as Lord of Astremeville in Normandy, came to England as a knight in the 
service of the Conqueror, had assigned him the possessions of Brictric the Saxon, Lord of 
Gloucester, of which he was seised when commissioned by Rufus to push on his fortunes 
among the South Welsh. Holding Gloucester and Glamorgan, he had also the care 
of his lands in Normandy, and while employed in a warlike expedition in that duchy was 
wounded with a spear at the siege of Falaise, of which wound he died a.d. 1102. He was 
brought to be buried at the abbey of Tewkesbury, which, as Lord of Gloucester, he had 
founded. He is said to have borne — "5^?., a lion rampant gnardant or, incensed gu.'^ 



Robert of Gloucester. 

The second lord paramount of Glamorgan was Robert, natural son of Henry L by 
Nest, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, Prince of South Wales. Robert, by his wife Mabel, 
dau. of Fitzhamon, had four sons, — William, his successor as Lord of Glamorgan; Roger, 
Bishop of Worcester, who died at Tours in France, a.d. 1179 ; Hamon, who died at the 
siege of Toulouse, a.d. 1159; and Philip. Robert of Gloucester was the founder of 
Margam Abbey and Keynsham Abbey. To him was committed by Henry L the custody 
of Robert, Duke of Normandy, whose long imprisonment in the Curthose Tower of Cardiff 



^ 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Castle we have noticed. William was that Lord of Glamorgan (as well as of Gloucester) 
who was captured by Ivor Bach, Welsh Lord of Castell Coch, in his castle of Cardiff, and, 
with his wife and son, carried away to the hills, and there detained until he had restored to 
Ivor "everything unjustly taken from him," and given "compensation of additional 
property" (Giraldus, /////., 6). He m, Hawise, dau. of the Earl of Leicester (the lady 
thus unceremoniously dealt with by Ivor), and dying a.d. 1173, was buried at Keynsham 
Abbey, which his father had founded. Leaving no son his line ceased with himself, and 
he was ultimately succeeded by his younger daughter, Amicia, whose husband, Richard de 
Clare, Earl of Hertford, became, in his wife's right, Lord of Gloucester and Glamorgan. 



The Dc Clares, 

The De Clares, next to Fitzhamon and Robert of Gloucester, were the greatest of the 
Lords of Glamorgan. The first of their line in that lordship was the Richard just mentioned, 
who married Amicia, dau. of W^illiam, Lord of Glamorgan, son of Robert of Gloucester, 
and through her became Lord of Gloucester and Glamorgan. His son, Gilbert de Clare, 
his successor, active among the barons who brought King John to grant Magna Charta, tn, 
Isabel, dau. of William Marshall (Mareschal), Earl of Pembroke, and had with other issue 
an eldest son, Richard, who, upon his death in Brittany a.d. 1229, inherited his lordships 
as a minor, under the guardianship of the famous Hugh de Burgh, Earl of Kent. Hugh de 
Burgh had a dau., Margaret, whom young Richard de Clare had a liking for and married, 
much, it is said, to the displeasure of the king — the king in those days being considered 
entitled to advise, and at times even more than advise his barons in the matter of marriage, — 
but from whom he afterwards was divorced. His second wife was Maude, dau. of John de 
Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, by whom he had issue. His eldest son,— 

Gilbert de Clare, sumamed by the Welsh, Gilbert Goch^ " the red," m, Alice de March, 
dau. of Guy, Count of Angouleme. She was niece of the French king, who bestowed upon 
her a portion of 5,000 marks. He was the first Lord of Glamorgan who obtained pos- 
session of Caerphilly Castle (p. 76). Gilbert de Clare, like his father and grandfather, 
was zealous for the cause of the barons as against King Henry III. On the death of the 
king, A.D. 1272, he was one of the barons who met at the New Temple, London, to pro- 
claim King Edward I. ; and on Edward's return from the Holy Land, where he was pur- 
suing his knightly duties at the time of his accession, was the first to welcome and entertain 
him at his castle of Tonbridge. Having divorced his first wife, he w., after the lapse of 
some years, Joan of Acre, dau. of King Edward I., who, in her turn, w., as her second 
husband, Ralph de Mortimer (see Caerphilly Castle), Gilbert de Clare d, at Monmouth 
Castle A.D. 1295, and was buried at Tewkesbury Abbey. He teft by his second wife, Joan, 
a son and successor, — 

Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, and Lord of Glamorgan, who at the time of his 
accession was only five years of age. He grew up to manhood, and was guardian of the 
kingdom during Edward II.'s absence in the Scottish wars. He fell in the battle of Ban- 
nockburn, a.d. 13 14, in his twenty-third year, and was buried at Tewkesbury Abbey with 



< 



EXTINCT NORMAN FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 95 

his ancestors. Dying unmarried ad. 13 13, and leaving no issue, he left his great possessions 
to his three sisters, co-heiresses, and the earldom of Gloucester as well as the line of the 
De Clares became extinct. The arms of the De Clares were — Or^ three chez*rons gu. 



The Despencers, 

Hugh le Despencer, temp, Edward II., had a son Hugh, who m. Eleanor, eldest sister 
of the last Gilbert de Clare above named, and in her right became Lord of Glamorgan. 
Too ambitious of extending his territory, and favoured by the king, he came into conflict 
with De Breos, Lord of Gower, and other barons, among whom were De Bohun, Mortimer, 
Audley, Mowbray, Berkley, Seys, and Talbot, who took up arms, ravaged his lands in 
Morganwg, formed so large a confederacy among the barons of England and the Marches 
as to overpower the king, Despencer's protector, and obtain a sentence of deprivation and 
banishment against the obnoxious Despencer family. The Earl of Leicester, however, who 
was at their head, was defeated in the field, and the Despencers' prospects once more 
brightened. The young Hugh Despencer is said now to have procured from the king, in 
addition to his former lordship of Glamorgan (see Dugdale)^ the manors and castles of 
Swansea, Oystermouth, Pennard, and Loughor, in Gower, which he exchanged with 
Eleanor, wife of John de Burgh, for the manors and castles of Usk, Tre-grug, Caerleon, &c., 
in Monmouthshire. The ruins of his magnificence are still seen at Caerphilly (see Caer- 
philly Castle), Adversity, however, in time overcame both king and favourite, and (his 
father having already perished) Despencer lost his life on the scaffold, having been im- 
peached before Parliament at Hereford a.d. 1326. His sentence was, "to be drawn upon 
a hurdle, with trumps and trumpets, throughout all the city of Hereford, and then to be 
hanged and quartered.*' 

He left two sons, Hugh and Edward. The former became Lord of Glamorgan, having 
been received into favour by the new sovereign, Edward III., who bestowed upon him an 
extensive share of the possessions of his late father, which upon his impeachment had 
escheated to the Crown. In the 17th Edward III. he is styled Lord of Glamorgan, and on his 
death, six years subsequently, he was seised of the several manors and castles which had 
belonged to his father in Glamorganshire. He had m, Elizabeth, dau. of William Montacute, 
Earl of Salisbury, who afterwards married Guy de Breos, taking with her as her dower 

« 

among other of their late husband's possessions in Glamorganshire, " the castle, town, and 
manor of Neath, the hamlets of Cilybebyll and Britton, the whole territory of Nedd, on 
both sides the river, the castle, lordship, and town of Kenfig, the castle and manor of 
Llanblethian, and the castle, town, and manor of Talyvan." This Hugh Despencer dying 
without issue a.d. 1349, his other possessions passed to his brother Edward, who in turn was 
followed by his son, — 

Edward Despencer, Lord of Glamorgan, whose wife was Elizabeth, dau. and heiress of 
Baron Burgherst. This was the Despencer who accompanied the Black Prince to France 
and fought at Poictiers (see p. 78). He died at Cardiff (Caerphilly Castle being probably 

♦ 

no longer one of the family residences) a.d. 1375, and was buried at Tewkesbury Abbey^ 
leaving his son Thomas as his successor in the lordship of Glamorgan. 



96 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Thomas Despencer w. Constance, dau. of Edmund de Langley, Duke of York, fifth son 
of King Edward III. He it was who petitioned Parliament for a reversal of the sentence of 
banishment still recorded against his great-grandfather, though now, as regarded his family, 
practically a dead letter. In this he succeeded, as well as in obtaining the favour of 
Richard II., and for a time with great zeal and devotion espoused the king's cause against 
the House of Lancaster. But in this case neither liege lord nor feoffee was a person long to 
be depended upon. Despencer basely deserted a base master, and assisted in his deposition ; 
but the next king, Henry IV., showed little appreciation of his services : as soon as he had 
seated himself on the throne, Despencer was deprived of all his estates, apprehended at 
Bristol in his attempt to fly the kingdom, condemned by the House of Commons, and 
executed in the market-place of Bristol a.d. 1400. He left a son, Richard, who d, s,p. 1414, 
and one surviving dau., Isabel. His estates in Glamorganshire, which had escheated to the 
Crown on his impeachment, were restored to his widow, and descended to the dau. and her 
heirs. (See Beauchamps below.) Thus ended the proud, grasping, and unfortunate family 
of Despencer, who had been oppressors of the weak, and flatterers and traitors towards the 
strong. Their arms were — Quarterly^ arg. and gu.^ in the second and third quarters a fret or ; 
over all a bend sa. 



The Beauchamps. 

Richard Beauchamp, Baron Abergavenny, afterwards cr. Y^2x\ {co^nes^ of Worcester by his 
marriage with Isabel Despencer above named, succeeded to the lordship of Glamorgan, and 
held his court at Cardiff" Castle. On his death (a.d. i 43 i ) his widow wi., by special dispensation 
from the Pope, his relative, Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, one of the most distin- 
guished knights of the age. He visited the Holy Land, and signalized his strength and prowess 
in many tournaments and feats of arms. Upon his death, which took place at Rouen in 
Normandy, a.d. 1439, his earldx)m and lordship vested in his son Henry. This young earl in 
his nineteenth year tendered his services for the defence of the duchy of Aquitaine, was 
created, a.d. 1444, Premier Earl of England, advanced to the dignity of Duke of Warwick, 
with next precedency, along with the Duke of Buckingham, to the Duke of Norfolk. His 
territorial influence under grants and charters from the king was largely increased in the 
Channel Islands, the Isle of Wight, Somersetshire, and Wales. He obtained the Forest of 
Dean, with its castles and manors, for a rental of ;^ioo a year. He is said to have been 
married, when only ten years of age, to Cicely, dau. of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, 
by whom he left an only dau., Anne, born at Cardiff" Castle, upon whose death in 1449 the 
lordship of Glamorgan, and her other estates and honours, devolved upon her aunt, Anne, 
sister of the late Duke of Warwick. She was at this time married to Richard Neville, Earl of 
Salisbury, who was shortly after cr. Earl of Warwick. Here ended the name of Beauchamps, 
Lords of Glamorgan. The Beauchamps bore — Gu,^ a f esse between three cross crcssletSy or. 



OLD AND EXTINCT NORMAN FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 97 

The Nciniies. 

Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury of that day, born about 1420, became the husband of 
Anne, sister and heiress of Henry Beauchamp, Lord of Glamorgan, and in her right became 
Earl of Warwick and Lord of Glamorgan. He is well known in English history as " the 
king-maker," and his influence in public aff*airs, like that of the Beauchamps and Despencers, 
was much greater through his English than through his Welsh territories. The lordship of 
Glamorgan had by this time fallen into some obscurity, and the great castle of Caerphilly 
was scarcely used as one of the lord's castles. His vast power in the state was owing to an 
unusual combination of circumstances and personal qualities. His two uncles, William and 
Edward, were at the same time, through marriage. Barons Fauconberg and Abergavenny, 
and another uncle, George Neville, also through marriage, was Baron Latimer. Still more 
important was his relation to Richard, Duke of York, who had married Cecily, dau. of 
Warwick's grandfather, the Earl of Westmoreland, and who, as representative of Lionel, 
Earl of Ckirence, third son of Edward HI., was the lineal heir to the throne now occupied 
by the House of Lancaster, descended from Edward IV. 's son, John of Gaunt. In this way 
Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, and King Edward IV., son of Richard, Duke of York, 
were first cousins. He was slain 147 1, and his estates were forfeited. 

It has been said that at this time the Nevilles were the most extensively and influentially 
connected family that has ever existed among the nobility of England. All these advantages, 
however, would have proved of little value to an inferior or indiscreet man. Richard* 
Neville was neither. Of good intellectual capacity and ready eloquence, he was courteous 
and affable in behaviour, brave, prompt, and enduring as a soldier, and boundless as well as 
magnificent in hospitality. Stow says of him (Chronicle), "When he came to London he 
held such an house that six oxen were eaten of a breakfast, and every tavern was full of his 
meat ; for who [ever] had any acquaintance in that house, should have as much sodden and 
roast as he might carry upon a long dagger." Wherever he resided he kept open house ; 
the number of people welcomed to his tables at his various mansions was so great that they 
have been computed, perhaps with some exaggeration, at not less than thirty thousand. 

The whole history of the struggle between the Yorkists and the Lancastrians is the 
history of this remarkable man. From the first armed rising against Henry VI., a.d. 1455, 
to the settlement upon the throne of Edward IV., after the defeat of the Lancastrians at the 
battle of Bamet, his genius and energy were felt. 

The Earl of Warwick leaving no son, in him the line of the Nevilles became extinct, and 
virtually also that of Lords of Glamorgan. His eldest dau., Isabel Neville (d, 1477), m, 
George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV., and left by him (who was 
put to death in 1478) a son, Edward, styled Earl of Warwick, beheaded on Tower Hill in 
1499; and a dau., Margaret, cr. Countess of Salisbury, also executed on Tower Hill, at the 
age of seventy, in 1541. The E^rl of Warwick's second dau., Anne Neville, m. first Edward, 
Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI., who was murdered in 147 1, by whom she had no issue ; 
and secondly, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, afterwards King Richard III., who kept the 
lordships of Glamorgan and Abergavenny in his own hands during his lifetime, after which 
they fell to Henry VII., his uncle. Thus ended the house of Neville. 

The arms of the Nevilles were — Gn., a saltier arg. 



98 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

The lordship of Glamorgan (with that of Abergavenny), now held by the first Tudor 
king, was conferred by him upon his uncle, Jasper, Earl of Pembroke (younger son of Owen 
Tudor, of Penmynydd M6n\ upon whose death it again reverted to the Crown, and was held 
by Henry VIII. and his son, Edward VI. This young king sold the lordship to William 
Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, from whom it has descended to the present noble owner. 
^See further under Bute^ Marquis of.) 

Here cease those great baronial families, the Lords of Glamorgan proper ; and we have 
next to notice another powerful but less magnificent family who held a lordship in Gower, 
not under obligation of service to the Lord Paramount of Glamorgan, but directly under the 
king. 

Tht De Breos Family, 

After the Lords of Glamorgan above enumerated, the most important family of Norman 
descent which bore rule in this county was that oi Dc Breos, whose lordship in Gower was a 
Lordship Marcher. Their principal territories in Wales, however, were the lordships of 
Brecknock and Abergavenny. Philip de Breos, whose father, W^illiam de Breos, came to 
England with the Conqueror, in right of his wife, dau. of Fitz- Walter, Earl of Hereford, be- 
came seised of the lordships of Brecknock, Abergavenny, and Gower, and held besides the 
barony of Brembre in Sussex, with some fifty-six other lordships in that and other counties 
{Doomsday). He d. in the reign of Henry II. This gieat house continued through eight 
successions — the last of the Gower line being William de Breos, who in the 22nd of 
Edward I., a.d. 1294, was one of the lords summoned to 2. parliament on the affairs of the 
nation, and in the 29th year of the same king received a like summons in the rank of barons. 
Edward also granted him jura regalia in Gower of equal extent and dignity with those 
enjoyed by Gilbert de Clare, Lord of Glamorgan. Being, however, as Walsingham has 
it, a person of ** large patrimony but great unthrift," he deemed it convenient to dispose by 
sale his territory of Gower to the Earl of Hereford, who was deprived of it by force by 
Hugh Despencer the younger. King Edward II.'s favourite. This led to the insurrection 
of the barons under the leadership of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster. William de Breos, 
Lord of Gower, d. a.d. 1322, leaving no male issue. See further Nicolas, Synop, of 
Peerage, i., 82. 

Two of the De Breoses, Reginald (d, 1221) and his son William (d. 1229), came into 
intimate relationship with Llewelyn ap lorwerth, Prince of North Wales. The former 
married Gwladys, the prince's daughter; the latter became his prisoner at Aber palace, and 
abusing the indulgence shown him, exposed himself to the righteous vengeance which cut 
short his life on the gg^llows. We have already shown that Caerphilly Castle came first to 
the De Breos family by grant of it to this Reginald by his father-in-law Llewelyn. 

The De Breos arms were— .^2:., semie of cross crosslets gu., a lion rampant or, armed and 
langued gti. The De Breoses, Lords of Brecknock, are also said (see Jones's Hist, of Breck.) 
to have borne Barry of six vair of ermine and gu. 

The above were Baroties Majores, holding from the sovereign : the following were Barones 
Mincres, holding from, and under obligation of service to the great Barons, and not, like 
them, entitled to be summoned to the king's council. 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 99 

De GranvilU, 

The line of Granville is traced to Rollo, the first Scandinavian conqueror of Normandy, 
and from Rollo Richard Granvyl, Granvyld, or Granville, who came over with his relative, 
William the Conqueror, was sixth in descent. He was brother of Robert Fitzhamon, whom 
he assisted in the conquest of Glamorgan, and received for his services the lordship of 
Neath (see Neath Abbey and Castle), Though Richard himself is said to have returned to 
Normandy, and afterwards to have taken the cross and died on a journey to Palestine, he 
left a son and successor to his estates in Wales. The line, however, did not continue long in 
Wales, but much longer in Cornwall (see Grenfell^ Maestig House) y where Richard's grandson, 
also named Richard, m, a dau. of James Trewynt, of Trewynt, or Treint. (See Pedigree 
of Lady Llanover) The Granvilles bore — Gu.^ three clarions or. 



De Londres, 

William de Londres (or Londinensis), supposed to have been born in London, a soldier 
under Fitzhamon in compassing the conquest of Glamorgan, and thereafter Lord of Ogmore, 
or Aberogwr, had a son, Maurice de Londres, who divides with his father the honour of 
founding Ewenny Abbey (see Ewenny Abbey). Maurice, otherwise called Meyrick, left a 
son, William de Londres, who succeeded him as Lord of Ogmore. Both father and son are 
highly extolled also for their grants of land to Neath Abbey and monastery, and for their 
personal valour and general excellence. The line soon lost its prominence in Glamorgan- 
shire, its chief possessions and place of burial being in England, where also its political 
influence mainly lay. 

The De Londres arms were — Gu.y three trefoils slipped in bendarg.^in chief a lion peasant or. 



De Turberville of Coity. 

The Turbervilles at one time were a numerous family with several branches in Gla- 
morganshire, as at Tythegston, Penlline, and Llanilltyd, or Lantwit ; but were in all cases 
sprung from the Turbervilles of Coity Castle, the first of whose line, as already shown (see 
Coiiy Castle\ was Sir Pain de Turberville. This " Norman " was probably, as his name 
would indicate, derived from the Celts of Brittany or Normandy, a probability made all the 
stronger by his choosing to wife the dau. of Morgan ap Meurig, the Welsh lord of Coity. He 
was the first of the foreign race to set this example, and was not readily imitated. He is 
said to have been followed at Coity Castle in regular succession by ten or eleven of his 
descendants, eight of whom were from father to son direct, — Gilbert, Pain. Pain, Gilbert, 
Richard, Pain, Gilbert, which last Gilbert was succeeded by his brother Richard, with whom 
issue male failed, and who devised the Coity lordship to his nephew, Sir Laurence Berkrolles 
who d. A.D. 141 2. (See Berkrolles of St, AtharCs^ and Gatnage of Coity Castle.) 

The arms of De Turberville are said to have \>ttr\— Cheeky , or and gu», a chief ermine. 



lOO GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

De BerkroUes of St Atharfs. 

This family was settled at East Orchard, St. Athan's, for nearly 300 years, the first 
founder of the house being Sir Roger BerkroUes, who received the lordship as a reward for 
his knightly service under Robert Fitzhamon. The last of the line male, Sir Laurence 
BerkroUes, whose fortune, as seen under Turherville of Coity Castle^ was increasing when his 
name was about to pass into oblivion, by his wife, a dau. of the Despencers, had no 
issue (see p. 522), and his inheritance passed to Sir Edward Stradling, who was maternally 
descended from the BerkroUes. The BerkroUes arms were — Az,^ a chevron between three 
crescents or. 



De Humfrcinlle of Penmark, 

Gilbert de Humfreville was founder of this house. Having assisted Fitzhamon in the 
subjugation of Morgan wg, he was presented with the lands of Penmark, or Penmarch Howell, 
and his heirs male enjoyed the same until the reign of Edward HI., when the line ceased, 
and the lordship of Penmark descended to Sir John St. John, of Fonmon Castle. Sir Henry 
de Humfreville, Kt., was living near the end of the reign of Edward H. {circa 1327), as 
shown by his signature to a deed to which are also attached the names of Sir Philip 
Fleming, Sir William BerkroUes, &c. The Humfreville arms were — Arg^ a f esse between six 
cinquefoils gu. 



St. John of Fonmon Castle, 

One of the ** twelve knights," Sir Oliver St. John (to whom, however, Burke gives the 
XidLxnt/ohn), received as his share of the lands of Glamorgan the lordship of Fonmon. This 
was about a.d. 1094-5, and his descendants are said to have continued to possess, if not 
always to reside at Fonmon Castle, for 400 years or more, when Sir Oliver St. John of that 
place, an adventurous soldier in Ireland under Elizabeth, was raised to the peerage of 
England a.d. 1559, under the title of Baron St. John of Bletsoe, Viscount Grandison, 
and Baron Tregoze, being descended through a remote maternal ancestor from the 
Beauchamps, Lords of Bletsoe, in Northamptonshire (comp. D. Jenkin's MS., p. 221). 
His son, also called Oliver, 3rd Baron, was advanced in 1624 to the dignity of Earl of 
Bolingbroke, a title which became extinct, and was renewed in the same family in favour of 
Henry St. John, the celebrated politician and writer of the time of Queen Anne and 
George I., cr. Baron Tregoze and Viscount Bolingbroke a.d. 17 12. Oliver St John, first 
Earl Bolingbroke, sold the Fonmon estate about the middle of the seventeenth century to 
Col. Philip Jones, M.P., one of CromwelFs privy council, ancestor of the present proprietor 
(see/ones, Fonmon Castle), The title, Baron St. John of Bletsoe, still survives. 

Fonmon in the Norman-French took the form Faumont, but does not seem to have been 
a name imposed by the Normans, who are more likely to have corrupted in this as in many 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. loi 

Other cases an earlier native designation. Close by runs a stream called Cen-fon^ and both 
names are related. 

The St. Johns bore — Arg,^ on a chief gu,,^ two mullets pierced or. 



Le BsUrling {Stradling) of St. Donafs Castle. 

We have no better account of the first entrance of this family upon Welsh territory than 
that given in Caradoc's Brut^ to the effect that when Robert Fitzhamon took upon himself 
the rule and chieftainship of the whole district of Glamorgan, " to William Desterlin was 
allotted the lordship of Llanwerydd'^ — the earlier designation of St Donat's. Of a family 
which in after timei occupied a place almost vying in importance with that of the major 
barons, we have little information until this William de Esterling, or le Esterling — a name 
which gradually resolved itself m the popular articulation, and even in written record, into 
the form Stradling — took his share of the lands which Fitzhamon did homage for to Rufus, 
A.D. 1092 or 1094. It has been said by Collins that William le Esterling derived originally 
from the " eastern people called EasterlingSy who dwelt near the Baltic Sei ; " but whether 
this is anything better than a conjecture suggested by the form of the name we cannot say. 

The sixth in descent after Sir William was Sir Peter Stradling, Knt., who m, Joan, sole 
heir of Thomas Hawey, of Cwmhawey, in Somerset, now called Comb-hay. He was 
succeeded by his son, Sir Edward, who m. Eleanor, dau. of Sir Gilbert Strongbow. To 
him and his wife and children, William de Sancto Donato^ Abbot of Neath (probably a 
relative), in consideration of certain concessions, gave, in 1341, "a general participation of 
the spiritual good things of his abbey, and founded an obit after their death, annually 
for ever" (see Clark's Castle of St, Donafs^ 187 1). In the deed executed on*the occasion 
Sir Edward is denominated "Dominus de Sancto Donato Anglicanus^^ — a description which 
seems to imply either a preceding or a contemporary Wallicanus Lord of St. Donates. 

The next Sir Edward, Knight of the Sepulchre, son of the last, was sent to Parliament by 
the CO. of Somerset in the 17th Edward III., or 1344, and was Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1367. 
Through his wife, Gwenllian, dau. and eventually h. of Sir Roger Bcrkrolles, he became 
possessor of East Orchard and Merthyr Mawr. 

The Stradlings had a vein of piety and a taste for pilgrim adventure. The last-mentioned 
Sir Edward, and his son Sir William, both visited Jerusalem, and obtained the dignity — much 
coveted in those days — of Knight of the Sepulchre. . Sir William's son and successor. Sir 
Edward Stradling, also made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and found a grave at Jerusalem 
about AD. 1478. He m. Jane, dau. of Henry Beaufort, son of John of Gaunt, and in 
addition to a number of illegitimate children, he had by his wife a son and successor. Sir 
Harry Stradling^ whose story acquired a tinge of romance from his capture, while crossing 
the Severn estuary, by the Breton pirate, Colin Dolphin. His captor demanding a ransom 
price of 2,200 marks, or about ^1,400, Sir Harry to meet the exaction had to sell his manor 
of Sulton in Glamorganshire, and those of Bassaleg, Rogerston, and Tregwilym, in Monmouth- 
shire, besides two manors in the co. of Oxford— a transaction which throws some light on 
the value of land and money, as well as on the state of society in those days. Sir Harry> 



I02 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

like his forefathers, paid a visit to Jerusalem, and died on his way home in the island of 
Cyprus, being at the time only about thirty years of age. A letter he wrote from Rome to 
his wife (Elizabeth, dau. of Sir William ap Thomas Herbert, Lord of Raglan) is worth 
quoting, in illustration of the customs and sentiments df the times, as well as of the English 
used by Sir Harry Stradling. 

** Ryght herteley belovvyd wyfe, I grete wele a thowsande tymes, lett)mge yowe wete [know] that at the 
makyng of this lett' I was in gode hele, eblessyd be God, and that is grete wond', for there was nev' men thai 
had so pelowse [perilous] a wey as we hadde, save only eworschep be God we were not let [hindered] in no 
place, nor tangled : the pilgremys that were goyng to Cales [Calais] were iij tymes cast alonde w* storme ; and 
assone as I come, eblessyde be God, we were over w*yn iiij owres, and taried there till the furst Sonday o* 
Clene Lent, and a Sonday aft' mas we toke our jorne, and wente owte of the towne vij schore p'sones, and went 
so till we come to the londe of Luke [Lucca], and there euery mafi dyd wex wery of othur. Notw*stonding I 
met at LondofS iij of my sonne Mile is neypores [neighbours] aprest [ready] and ij othur. Also, Joh*n \Vach*n 
[Vychan] and Joh*n Lewis Gont", yo' cosyfi, and iiij w* tliem ; and so we were xij p'sons, and n" nev" dep'tyd 
[separated] till we come to Rome, . . . and a gode Fryday in the momyng we come to Rome ; the nyght 
tafore we lay in a forest und' a tre, evell at ese by cause we wolde overtake the . . . and see the vernicle 
[a relic of St. Veronica]. And so we saw hit Friday, Sat'day a Sonday to fore masse — the pope he assoyled 
[absolved] vs of plena remyssio, & afte' he hadde songe his masse he come ageyn and assoyled them as fre as 
that day theye were born, and for to say that there was pepuU, there was w*oute nom', and for se othur plac*' 
of Remission w*out eny mo nom'. And also as tochyng yo' absolucion I hadde grete labo' and cost to gete 
hit vnd' ledde, and therefore lett eny mafi or woman bewar howe he makythe a vow, hit is akowvcn^t must be 
kept. Also I hope to God to remove towarde Wenys [Venice] by litell est** day, and I have gete my licens 
of the Pope and iiij Englische mefi more w* me ; and yef I kan go in savete, I will go yef no I will be at home 
by Mydsomr, and yef I go h* will be alhalowyn tyde or I come home. And also Richard Rethe [Rees] is in 
gode hele blessyd be God, save he was a litell crasid in his legge a fortenygt w* a senewe spronge, and nowe he 
is hole. Notw'stondyng Tom Gethyn offeryd to go in his place, but he v^ill not by no mene. Also I pray 
yowe to se my dayes kept at Barry, for y* dayes must nede be kept or ellse I must be schamyd. Also I 
requere yowe to thynke ou*' my last will, as my trust is in yowe abowe all pepuU. Also astochyng the 
westment at Londofi there is apofi hit iij li [pounds] whereof I payed a nobull in emyst ; Joh*n de Bole kan 
tell, he was at the bargefi makyng & William Jenkyn. Also the Kyng of Ilungery hathe hadde a grete distress 
aponne Turk" to the nomer of xl thowsande and his sonne takyil and is w* Cristen mefi, and therefore I trust 
to God ow' wey will be the bett". Also as for yo' absolucion Tom Gethyn bryngethe hit home, by cause y* 
porer y* a man gf>ythe the bet*' hit is, but hit costithe grete gode [a large sum], and nere hit were [were it not] 
for yo' sowle his helthe hit schulde nev' be boght for me ; I hadde neuer so grete travayle forno thyng. Also 
that ye be gode maystres to Res De [Rhys Du — *' the black "] ; he was gode to me cc myle in my feleschepe, 
and boed [remained] behynde at the last and meght not go. And when I come to Rome I met w* Thom Gethyn 
and there he went not fro me, but went all the staciones w* me bett' then he y* hadde be here vij yere to fore, 
for he knewe evy place as well w*oute y* towne as w'yn, and bode here iiij dayes apon his cost to have you' 
bull [of absolution]. Right hertely belowyd wyfe, almyhty IHU have yowe in his kepynge ; and loke that ye 
be agode chere and prey for me, as I trust to God to pray for yowe ; for I trust to God at this ow' I am clene 
to God and to the worlde, as clene as y* day I was borne. 

" Wretyn at Rome the last day of Marche. Yo' husbonde, Harre Stradlyng. 

(Addressed) "To my Right hertely belowyd wyfe, Elyzabethe Stradlyng." 

The above letter was printed in the Archaologia^ from the autograph still in possession 
of Col. G. G. Francis, F.S.A. It shows how completely the magnates of that day were 
subject to the power of the priesthood, and to ceremonial conceptions of religion. Of 
Sir Harrys morals we have little account beyond what is favourably implied in the tenor of 
this letter ; but some of his immediate predecessors, equally zealous with himself as pilgrims 
to Rome, were not always ** as clean to God and to the world as the day they were born." Sir 
Harry left a son, named Thomas, who m. Janet, dau. of Thomas Mathew, Esq., of Radir 
(who m. as her second husband Sir Rhys ap Thomas, of Dinefawr), and dying young, left 
two sons, Edward and Harry. The former succeeded, and m. Elizabeth, dau. of Sir Thomas 
Arundel, Knt., of Laneyron, in Cornwall, and had by her four sons and two daus. (besides 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 103 

a number of illegitimate children), the heir being Thomas, who succeeded on the death of 
his father in 1535; was Sheriff of Glamorgan 1547-8; knighted by Edward VI. 1549; 
Commissioner for the Marches of Wales; M.P. for East Grinstead ; Commissioner for the 
Suppression of Heretics, under Elizabeth, 1558. He m. Catherine, dau. of Sir Thomas 
Gamage, of Coity. The building of the Stradling Chapel in St. Donat's Church is ascribed 
to him. 

It was this same Sir Thomas Stradling [State Papers^ Eliz., Vol. XVII.) who was com- 
mitted to the Tower by command of Elizabeth, for the pretended " invention ** or discovery 
of the form of 2, cross ^ "rather longer than a man's foot," in the interior substance of a 
tree on his estate blown down in a storm. Sir Edward, believing in the miracle, gets the 
cross " copyed ; " our Lords of the Council, and her dread Majesty, hear of the scandal, 
and Sir Thomas, as a lesson in Protestantism, is " sent to the Tower" ! From this durance, 
he, the proud Lord of St. Donat*s, as a beseeching " orator " sends his humble petition to 
the Queen's most excellent Majesty, and explains that, " wher as abowte Est' 1559 certein 
trees were cast down by the wynde in a park of your orator's in Wales amongest the whych 
ther was one tree cloven in the myddes from the top downe hard to the grownde . . . 
in the very sape or hert whereof was a picture of a crosse of xiiij. inches longe, apparent, 
and pleyn to be seen, ... of which crosse your orator made a patron [pattern] con- 
teyning the length, brede, and facion thereof, and bryngeng the same w**» hym to London 
caused iiij pictures thereof to be painted. . . . Yo'r orator is very sorye that he had not 
fyrst fownde meanes to have made yo'r Grace prevy therof ; ... for yf he had knowen 
or thought that yo'r Highnes or yo'r counsell wolde have ben offendyd there w'^ or taken it 
in yll parte, he wolde, not for any thing have done it. And for as moche as that he dyd 
therein was not don upon any sediciouse purpose or yll entent, but only of ignorance, for the 
which he have all redy susteyned above v. weykes imp'sonme't, yo'r orator most humbly 
besecheth yo'r mostte excellent ma* of yo'r accostomed clemencie to here w*^ hys ignorance 
therin," &c. Cecil, the minister, who thought it salutary " to punish massmongers, for the 
rebating of their humours," sees from these words that his method is succeeding. But 
there is yet much questioning and careful inquiry. A commission is appointed to examine 
the " tree," and the part of the tree is cut out and sent up to London ! In the end. 
Sir Thomas Stradling is allowed, on his giving a bond to forfeit 1,000 marks, should he fail 
to appear if called upon before the Privy Council, to return to his home (see Clark's 
St, Donafs Castle, p. 22). His son and heir was — 

Sir Edward Stradling, the ablest and most eminent of his house, a man of refined tastes, 
a patron of Welsh literature, and an author. Anthony a' Wood (Athena Oxon.) says of him 
that having been educated in the University of Oxford, he travelled " in various countries, 
spent some time at Rome, returned an accomplished gentleman, and retiring to his inherit- 
ance, which was large, built a firm structure on that foundation of literature he had laid at 
Oxford and elsewhere, . . . was at the charge of such herculean works for the public 
good that no man in his time went beyond him for his singular knowledge in the British 
language and antiquities, for his eminent encouragement of learning and learned men, and 
for his great expense and indefatigable industry in cpllecting together several ancient manu- 
scripts of learning and antiquity, all which, with other books, were reduced into a well-ordered 
library at St. Donat's, to the great credit and renown of the family. He writ a Welsh 



I04 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Grammar mostly in Latin. He wrote also the conquest of the lordship of Glamorgan by 
Morganwg, with other pieces, and having w. Agnes, dau. to Sir Edward Gage, of Firle, in 
Sussex, paid his last debt to nature 15th May, 1609." He was sheriff three times, and was 
builder of the sea wall at St. Donates. A collection of letters addressed to him was published 
by the late antiquary, the Rev. J. M. Traherne. Dying s, p. in 1609 in his eightieth year, 
he was succeeded by his kinsman, — 

Sir John Stradling, ist Bart., son of Francis, son of Henry, grandson of the Sir Harry who 
was captured by the pirates, and wrote the interesting letter to his " right hertely belowyd 
wyfe " which we have given. Sir John was also a man of some literary tastes. He graduated 
at Oxford 1583, ** being then accounted a miracle for his forwardness in learning and 
pregnancy of parts" (Wood). He travelled abroad, was cr. a baronet 161 1, and settled at 
St. Donat's. He published a volume of Latin epigrams, Beati Pacificiy 1623 ; and ''^Divine 
Foems^' in seven several classes, "written to King Charles I." He m, Elizabeth, dau. of 
Edward, son of Sir Edward Gage of Firle (and niece of Agnes, the last Sir Edward's wife), 
and had a numerous family. His death took place 1637, when his eldest son, — 

Sir Edward Stradling, Kt., and 2nd Bart, of St. Donat's, succeeded to the estates. He 
was a colonel in the army of Charles I., for whom he and his brothers fought with entire 
devotion. At Edgehill he was taken prisoner. His wife was Mary, dau. of Sir Thomas 
Mansel of Margam. Sir Edward d, 1644, and was buried at Oxford in the chapel of Jesus 
College. His eldest son, — 

Sir Edward Stradling, 3rd Bart., was a staunch and active soldier in the army of Charles I. 
He brought a troop of horse of his own to aid the king at Newbury, and after the disaster of 
that day retired to Oxford (as his father had done after the battle of Edgehill), and there 
died of consumption, it is said before his father. He had m. Catherine, dau. of Sir Hugh 
Perry, and wife afterwards of Bussey Mansel of Breton Ferry. Their eldest son, — 

Sir Edward Stradling, 4th BarL, M.P. for Cardiff 1698, m. Elizabeth, dau. of Anthony 
Hungerford, Esq., and had several sons, of whom the eldest, Edward, inherited the title and 
estates as 6th Bart.; was Sheriff of Glamorgan 1710, M.P. for Cardiff 1714 — 1722; m. 
Elizabeth, dau. of Sir Edward Mansel of Margam, by whom he had issue several children, 
who all died young. The property and title descended to his brother, — 

Sir Thomas Stradling, 6th F^rl, who d, unmarried 1738, in his twenty-eighth year, when 
the title and line of Stradling became extinct. His estates passed to Bussy, Lord Mansel, for 
the term of his life, and thereafter became the subject of prolonged litigation, which ended 
in ample benefit to the lawyers, and a settlement by authority of Parliament by which they 
were divided into four portions: (i) St. Donat's and Sully, which fell to the share of Sir 
John Tyrwhit, Bart., " by virtue of a deed entered into between Sir Thomas and Sir John 
during their travels in foreign countries " (Jenkin*s MS.). (2) Merthyr Mawr and Monknash 
were allotted to Hugh Bowen of Kittle Hill, grandson, on the mother's side, of Sir Edward 
Stradling. This portion was divided between him and his eldest son, George. (3) Penlline, 
Llamphey, and Cwmhawey in Somerset fell to Louisa Barbara Mansel, dau. and h. of Bussy 
Mansel of Briton Ferry, " by virtue of a deed made by Sir Thomas Stradling to his first 
cousin, the said Bussy Mansel, afterwards Lord Mansel." She m, George Venables Vernon, 
cr. Lord Vernon. (4) St. Athan's estate was sold to pay the lawyers. 

The arms of the StradHngs "KtTt—Paiy of eight arg. and az.j on a bend gu. three 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 105 

cinqMfoih or. The ancient crest— ^ pelican rising or; the modem crest — A stag courant^ 
collared arg,, attired and ungided or. 

The present owner, by purchase, of St. Donat's Castle, claims to be the nearest repre- 
sentative living of this eminent family. (See Nicholl-Carne of St, Donafs Castle.) 



Le Fleming of St, George and Flemingston, 

The first of this family in Glamorgan was Sir John le Fleming, on whom Fitzhamon is 
said to have bestowed the manors of St. George, Wenvoe, Flemingston, Llanmaes, &c. His 
wife was Amicia, dau. of Baldwin Magnus, Lord of Whitney. He had a younger son, 
called by the Welsh Fleming melyn, " the yellow," to whom he gave the manors of Fleming- 
ston and Constantine Walles, " which continued in his descendants until, on failure of issue 
male, William Fleming sold the estate to Lewis Thomas, Esq., of Bettws." 

Sir John Fleming*s eldest son. Sir William Fleming, succeeded him in the lordships of 
St. George, Wenvoe, and Llanmaes. In the reign of Edward IL, under the younger Hugh 
Despencer, a Sir William Fleming was in possession of these lands. He was executed at 
Cardiff, because, as some say, he had, as sheriff of the lordship of Glamorgan, unjustly con- 
demned Llewelyn Bren^ of Senghenydd, to death. He was buried in the cemetery of Grey 
Friars, " outside the north gate of the town of Cardiff." 

After the time of this Sir William, the inheritance, in the absence of issue male, descended 
to his dau., who m, Edmund Malifant, of Pembrokeshire, whose descendants enjoyed it till 
the time of Henry VIL, when Edmond Mahfant, who had m, a dau. of Sir Matthew 
Cradock, d. without issue, and the estate fell to John Butler, Esq., of Dunraven, who had m. 
Elizabeth, dau. of William Fleming, and after the death, s, /., of their descendant, John 
Butler, Esq., both estates fell to Walter Vaughan, Esq., who had m. Joan, dau. and h. of the 
said John Butler (see Vaughan of Dunraven). 

The Fleming escutcheon bore — Az,^ three crescents inter seven crosses or. 



Fleming of Monkton. 

This branch of the family sprung from Thomas Fleming (second son of Richard Fleming, 
of Flemingston), and Catherine his wife, dau. of James Turberville, of Tythegston. James 
Fleming, Esq., of Monkton, their son, m. Ann, dau. of Howel Carne, jun., of Nash, whose 

4 

son, Rees Fleming, Esq., of Monkton, m, Mary, dau, of Richard Lougher, of Tythegston, 
and had a son, also called Rees Fleming, of Monkton, whose wife was Mary, dau. of Rees 
Williams of Sully. The family continued at Monkton for several generations further. 



Fleming of Penlline and Swansea. 
This family sprung from Richard, a younger son of Sir William Fleming, of St. George, 



io6 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

who was himself the heir of the first Le Fleming of the Conquest. A son or grandson of 
Richard, Thomas Fleming is the first we have found as " of Penlline." He m. Angharad, 
dau. of Jenkin ap Richard ap Jenkin ap Richard Fawr ; and his son, John Fleming, of 
Penlline, m. Mayzod, dau. of Walter ap William ap Hopkin ap David ap David Ddu, said 
in one MS. to be " a conjuror." His son, — 

William Fleming, is called, not of Penlline, but of Swansea. By his wife. Sage, dau. 
and co-h. of Hugh David ap Meredith, of Nicholaston Hall, he had a son and successor, 
Henry, " of Wimlod, Recorder," &c., who m. Alice, dau. and co-h. of Jenkin Dawkin, of 
Gellihir. Their son, William, m, a dau. and h. of Nicholas Evans, of Llangenech, and was 
succeeded by his son, Evan Fleming, whose wife was a dau. of the celebrated Thomas 
Evans of Peterwell, Card, (living 1661), and had issue; but we have no means of 
further tracing the succession. In the list of Portreeves and Mayors of Swansea the name 
of William Fleminge occurs for 1601, Henry Fleminge for 16 13, and the same for 1624. 

• 

These were in all likelihood the above-named William and Henry. 



De St. Qiiintin of Llanblethian {Llanbleiddiati). 

Sir Robert de St. Quintin, who became possessed of th^ lordship of Llanblethian under 
Fitzhamon, is said to have been grandson of the knight Sir Herbert de St. Quintin, who 
came in the train of William to the conquest of England, and whose name occurs in the 
Roll of Battle Abbey. He was of the province of Picardy, after the chief town of which, 
St Quintin, he was called. Sir Robert erected the castle at Llanblethian (Bleiddian) which 
in after times went by his name. His gr. grandson, — 

Sir Herbert St. Quintin, was summoned as a baron to a parlement held by Edward L 
A.D. 1294, ** but never afterwards; and for the reason that that writ cannot be considered 
as a regular summons to parliament, and consequently that there never was such a barony, 
although the Earls of Pembroke, whose ancestors married the heir general of this Herbert 
de St. Quintin, styled themselves barons of St. Quintin" (Nicolas, Synop, of Peerage), With 
this Herbert, who left no son, the name of St. Quintin ceased, and his estates fell to his 
two daus., one of whom, Elizabeth, d, s. p.; the other, Laura, by. her third husband, 
Sir Robert Grey, of Rotherfield, had an only dau. and heiress, Elizabeth, whose son William 
(by Lord Fitzhugh) m, Margery, dau. of William, Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, and left a 
son, Henry, whose wife was Alice Neville, dau. of Richard, Earl of Salisbury, by whom he 
left with other issue Elizabeth, who m. Sir William Parr, Knt., and had (besides an elder 
son, Lord Parr) Sir Thomas Parr, who left a son William, Marquis of Northampton, 
Katherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VHL, and Anne Parr, who m, William Herbert, Earl 
of Pembroke. Anne, being co-h. with her brother, brought to the Earl of Pembroke the 
lordship of Llanblethian, which from that time has formed part of the estates of the Lords 
of Glamorgan. 

The St. Quintin arms were — Or, three cha^rons gu, on a chief arg,^ a f esse wavy. 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 107 

De Sy7vard of Talyfan. 

Sir Richard Syward, who on the partition of Glamorgan between the knights received as 
his share the lordship of Talyfan, is not known to have been a " Norman," but bore a name 
which betrays rather a Saxon origin — Se-weard (sea- watchman). It may well be believed 
that Fitzhamon had many English in his train, for we know that he had even many Welsh, 
led by such chieftains as Einion ap Cadivor ap Collwyn. 

The lordship of Talyfan lay contiguous to that of Miskin, and De Syward is said in some 
of the earlier books to have been given, along with Talyfan, " the ancient burgh of Pontfam 
(Cowbridge). The word Tal-y-fan is almost tautological, conveying strongly the meaning of 
an elevated place or land, which was perhaps the character of the region. Tal is an ancient 
Welsh vocable signifying " head,'* and ban expresses prominence, height, so that Tal-y-fan 
would mean the top of the high place or land. 

It is believed that the issue male of Richard de Syward continued in possession of this 
lordship ijntil the time of Edward III., when the heir then in possession, according to Sir 
Edward Stradling's account, sold it to Despencer, the then Lord of Glamorgan, and went to 
reside upon property which the family had in Somerset. 

The arms ascribed to the Sy wards were — Arg,^ a cross flory^fitchee^ sa. 



7> Sore of Peter ston and St. Pagan's. 

This family was founded by Sir Peter le Sore, after whom the lordship of Peterston, given 
him by Fitzhamon, was named. His descendants in the male line are said to have 
continued to enjoy it until the time of Henry IV., when the line ceased, and the inheritance 
fell to several relatives. The lordship of St. Fagan*s went to the Veales, and remained in 
that family " until Alice Veale, the heiress, married David Mathew, who had four daughters, 
between whom the lordships of St. Fagan's and Llysworney were divided " (Jenkin*s MS.). 

Alexander le Sore and Henry le Sore " were witnesses to old deeds to the effect that 
Peter le Veal was Lord of St. Fagan*s. This was at a time when no dates were used " (ib.\ 
Sir Mayo, Morys, or Matthew Sore, was contemporary with Ifor Hael and Dafydd ap Gwilym 
(fourteenth century). It is said that Sir Mayo came into collision with Owen Glyndwr when 
that chieftain overran Glamorgan (a.d. 1402), and that Owen "cut off" his head;" and 
tradition has reported that a skull long preserved in Peterston Church was the skull of Sir 
Mayo le Sore. The property was now divided between co-heiresses. 

The arms ascribed to the Le Sores were — Quarterly : or and gu.^ in the first canton^ a 
lion passant az. 



De SuIIy of Sf/llv. 

Sir Reginald de Sully received the lordship of Sully as his share of the lands of Glamorgan 
when conquered by Robert Fitzhamon. The Sullys, however, were not of long continuance, 

I 



io8 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

the male line having become extinct in the time of Edward I., when the heiress of the estate 
became wife of Sir Thomas de Avan, Lord of Avan, a descendant of lestyn ap Gwrgant. 
His grandson, Sir Thomas de Avan, left an only daughter, Jane, who m. Sir William Blunt, 
who exchanged the lordships of Avan and Sully with Gilbert de Clare for lands in England. 
From him the Blunts of Shropshire were descended. 

In the "Neath Register," according to D. Jenkin*s MS. (p. 217), the names occur of Sir 
Walter de Sully, Kt, Rumund de Sully, and Meyrick de Sully; but no intimation is 
conveyed whether this register had belonged to Neath Abbey, or of the place where it was 
deposited. 

The SuUys are said to have borne — Ermine, three chevrons gu. 

Such is the account available of the Barones Minores who are held to have shared under 
Robert Fitzhamon the lands of Glamorgan. Some of them continued long and flourished, 
identifying themselves by degrees more fully with the people whom they had overthrown, 
intermarrying with them, learning their language, adopting their customs, and forming at last 
an undistinguishable part of their body. The Turbervilles began this wise and far-seeing 
policy. The Stradlings continued it longest, and won thereby such commanding influence 
that their fame and power in the county even eclipsed those of some of the lords in chief of 
Glamorgan. The day of others was short, their power small. In most cases their line ceased 
and their estates were dissipated. In others they felt themselves as strangers among a people 
whose sense of wrong recoiled from them, and sought home and rest on the other side the 
Severn. But in our day not a trace of any of them remains ! The name of Turbervill still 
survives at Ewenny, representing not a direct but a circuitous maternal descent; and 
similarly the blood of the Stradlings is still represented at St. Donat*s. The race of the 
vanquished, according to an indefeasible law, has in the long run proved victorious, and the 
intrusive race has virtually vanished from the soil. 

There remain to be mentioned other families, not strictly numbered among the minor 
lords of Glamorgan, but of greater power, and equally of the so-called " Norman " type. 
Among these the Gamages of Coity Castle hold distinguished prominence. 



Gamage of Coity Castle, 

In the section on " Antiquities," under Coity Castle^ some account has already been given 
of this important family and their entrance upon that estate. The Gamages, before their 
settlement by marriage at Coity, were seated at Rogiad, or Roggiatt, in Monmouthshire. 
They were of Norman descent, but of later introduction into Wales than the age of Fitzha- 
mon*s conquest of Glamorgan. Godfrey de Gamaches, of the ville or castle of Gamaches, in 
Viscin, near Rouen, Normandy, received from Henry II., a.d. 1159, a grant of lands in 
Hottesdon, co. Salop, and from Richard I. land in Marnshall in the same county. He 
inherited also two knights' fees in the county of Hereford under the Lacys. He d, before 
1176. His eldest son, Matthew, settled in Normandy, and his second son, William de 
Gamage, inherited the English estates of Mansel Gamage, county Hereford, Gamage Hall in 
Dimock, and other lands in the county of Gloucester. He was keeper of Ludlow Castle, 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 109 

and d. before a.d. 1240. From William descended Sir Pain de Gamage, Lord of Rogiad, 
Mon., and Sir Robert Gamage of the same place, whose eldest son was — 

William Gamage, of Rogiad, who, as already shown, m, Sara, or Assar, dau. and co -h. of 
Pain de Turberville of that place, whose ancestor had w., in the time of Fitzhamon, the dau. 
and h. of Morgan ap Meurig, of the line of lestyn ap Gwrgant. William Gamage was Sheriff 
of Gloucestershire a.d. 1325. 

Gilbert Gamage, son of William, was succeeded by his son, Sir William Gamage, who on 
the death of his kinsman. Sir Laurence Berkerolles of St. Athan's, succeeded to the lordship 
of Coity (see Coity Castle), He m, Mary, dau. of Sir Thomas Rodburgh, and had issue — 

Thomas Gamage, of Coity and Rogiad, who m. Matilda, dau. of Sir John Dennis ; and a 
dau., Margaret, who m. Sir Richard de la Bere, of Weobly and Molton, in Gower, who 
received for services on the field of Cressy a crest, "five ostrich feathers issuing from a 
ducal coronet." Thomas Gamage was succeeded by his son — 

John Gamage, of Coity, who m. Margaret, dau. and co-h. of Morgan Llewellyn ap Evan 
ap Llewellyn, of Radir, and had a son and heir named Morgan, who by his wife Elinor, dau. 
of Sir Roger Vaughan, of Tretower {Tr^rtwr)^ Brec, half-brother to William, Earl of 
Pembroke, had, besides his son and successor Thomas, six daus., — Elizabeth, who tn, first 
John Stradling, and afterwards John Price of Glyn Nedd \ Margaret, tn. first Jenkin Thomas 
of Llanfihangel, and secondly James Turber\'ille of Llantwit Major ; Jane, m. Sir William 
Bawdrip of Penmark ; Ann, tn. Robert Raglan of Llantwit ; Catherine, m, first Reginald 
Powell of Perth-hir, co. Monmouth ; secondly William Stanton of Homingham, Wilts, by 
whom she had a son William and three daus. ; Gwenllian, m, Thomas ap Meurig. 

Sir Thomas Gamage, son of Morgan, w., first, Margaret, dau. of Sir John St. John of 
Fonmon Castle, Glam., and Bletsoe Park, by a dau. of Morgan Jenkid Philip of Pencoed 
Castle, Mon., paternally descended from Gruffydd ap Bleddyn, Lord of Cilsant ; secondly, 
J oyce, dau. of Sir Richard Croft. By Margaret St. John, Sir Thomas had issue Robert ; 
John ; Edward ; Catherine, m. Sir Thomas Stradling of St. Donates Castle ; Mary, tn, 

Matthew Herbert of Swansea and Cogan Pill ; Margaret, tn, William Howard, Lord Howard 

• 

of Effingham, and had issue Charles, Earl of Nottingham, commander against the Spanish 
Armada, Sir William Howard, of Lingfield, and others (Dugd., 11, 278). She d, 19th May, 
1 581. Lord Wm. Howard d, nth January, 1572-3. Elizabeth tn, Richard Wogan, Esq. , 
of Wiston and Boulston, co. Pembroke; secondly, Jenkin Gwyn. Sir Thomas's eldest 
son, — 

Robert Gamage, tn, Joan, dau. of Philip Champemon, of Darlington, and had issue 
(besides his eldest son, John) Thomas, tn, Joan, dau. of WilHam ap Thomas Vaughan ; 
Margaret, tn. Miles Mathew of Llandaff, — secondly, Thomas Lewis of Van, living 1583, — 
thirdly, Captain Herbert of Cardiff; Elinor, tn, William Lewis of St. Pierre, co. Monmouth, 
1583 ; Elizabeth (Ann or Catherine), tn. Watkin Lougher of Tythegston, Sheriff for 
Glamorgan in 1635 (see Sheriffs); Joyce, tn. John Gwyn, Llandilo, co. Carmarthen; 

and Joan. 

John Gamage tn, Gwenllian, dau. and h. of Sir Thomas ap Jenkin Powell of Glyn-Ogwr, 
and had issue Barbara^ sole heiress, h. 1562, /w., in or before 1584, Sir Robert Sydney, 
second son of Sir Henry Sydney of Pepshurst, Kent, and next brother to the accomplished 
Sir Philip Sydney ; he was nephew to the Earls of Leicester and Warwick, and was the first 



1 10 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Earl of Leicester of the Sydney line (cr. 1618). Barbara Gamage, the last of this line 
(Countess of Leicester), was grandmother of the celebrated Algernon Sydney, son of Sir 
Robert Sydney of Coity, second Earl of Leicester (succ, 1626), who was beheaded in the reign 
of Charles IL The title in the Sydney line became extinct on the death of Jocel>'ne, seventh 
earl, a.d. 1743. (See further Coity Castle,) 

The Gamage arms, as given by Sir Robert Atkyns, are — Arg,, five fusils in bend gu,^ on a 
chief az. three escallops or. 



Gamage of Abcrgarw, 

Edward Gamage, son of John Gamage, parson of St. Bride's Minor, was parson of 
Llanharry, and the fourth in lineal descent from Sir Thomas Gamage of Coity Castle, being 
grandson of Thomas, the second son of Robert and Joan Champernon, his wife. He w. 
Mary, dau. of John Jenkin Turberville of Abergarw, and had issue John ; Mary, m, Morgan 
ap Llewellyn of Derllwyn. 

John Gamage m, Martha, dau. of Thomas Lougher of Comelau, and had John, a vicar, 
m, in CO. Derby ; Edward, m. Mary, dau. of Benjamin Watkins, Court Colman ; Thomas, m, 
Ruth, dau. of Thomas Mathew, Cefn Gorwydd, in Gower ; Ann, m. John James, St. Bride's ; 
Sarah, married — 

John Thomas^ parson of Coity ; whence descend the Thomases of Caldicot, co. Monmouth. 
John Thomas, and Sarah Gamage, his wife, had issue John and Edward. 

John Thomas was incumbent of South Petherton and Ilminster, co. Somerset. He m. 
the widow of — Prouse, Esq., barrister-at law, but left no issue. 

Edward Thomas was Rector of St. Bride's Minor, co. Glamorgan, and Vicar of Caldicot, 
CO. Monmouth ; had issue by his wife, Ann Lloyd, Theresa ; Edward, Vicar of Llangwm ; 
James, of Mount St. Alban*s ; Samuel, brought up to the law ; John, d. young in London ; 
Ann, and William. 



The Gamage Family in America. 

A branch of the Gamage family settled in Northamptonshire traced their descent lineally 
from Sir Thomas Gamage ot Coity. From this branch descended the Rev. Smith Percy 
Gamage, LL.D., and his brother, Henry Gamage. The former was, during the American 
war, a chaplain in the U.S. army. 

Some of the family had also migrated to the New World at an early period in company 
with their kinsman. Lord Effingham, when he was Governor of Virginia ; others joined the 
famous Duke of Marlborough, and under him held high positions both in the army and navy. 
Joseph or John Gamage received a grant of land from the Crown at Brixworth, Northampton- 
shire, for distinguished service in the army : his descendants are still living in New 
England, some of whom held high positions in the army and navy during the War of 
Independence, and were in the great battle of Bunker's Hill. Samuel Gamage was lieu- 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OK GLAMORGAN. iii 

tenant on board the Dunn frigate. He was a man of enduring courage, of acknowledged 
worth and virtue, unflinching in his adherence to the cause of civil and religious liberty. His 
brother, Dr. William Gamage, bora at Cambridge, New England, 1748, was an eminent 
physician in his native town, and secured both fame and fortune. 

Capt. John Gamage, "a self-made, noble-minded man, trusting in Providence, constructed 
his own fortune, and engaged heartily and courageously in the great struggle for American 
independence.'* He was taken prisoner in the revolution on board the Yankee Hero by 
H.M.S. Mi/ford, and imprisoned for twelve months on board H.M.S. Reno7v?iy Capt. Banks 
commander. "He died in 1824, laden with years and honours. It is only recently that his 
two aged sons and a daughter, all verging on ninety, followed their eminent parent to the 
land of rest — * the land o* the leal.' " 

Several members of the Gamage family graduated at Harvard College. The house in 
which the family hved at Cambridge is still called ** Gamage House." 



Butler of Dunrtiven. 

That this family, which resided for some ten generations at Dunraven, /. ^., from the 
eleventh to the fourteenth century, was of Norman origin is probable both from the name 
(Botteler) and from their relation to De Londres, the preceding lord of the place. The 
lordship was a part of the lands acquired by William de Londres on the conquest of 
Glamorgan by Fitzhamon and his companion knights. The Caradoc Brut informs us that 
" William de Londres, Lord of Ogmore (Qgwr), won the lordships of Cy dwell and Carn- 
wyllion from the Welsh, and gave the castle and manor of Dunraven to his sen'ant, Sir 
Arnold Butler." A lord's "servant" in those days was a knight, and the origin of Butler may 
have been quite as good, though his fortune was not quite so prosperous, as that o 
De Londres. The Butlers married well, and extended in their alliances as far as Pembroke- 
shire. 

Sir Arnold Butler was succeeded (temp. Henry I.) by his son Pierce, and he by his son,— -» 

Sir John Butler, Kt., of Dunraven, who ///. Isabel, dau. and co-h. of Sir Robert de 
Cantelupe, " Lord of Cantleston, in Glamorgan." He had a son, John, not styled a knight, 
who m.^a, dau. of Sir David de la Bere, Kt., and left a son, — 

John Butler, Esq., of Dunraven, who m. Isabel, dau. of Sir William Fleming (see Flefning 
of St. George), and had issue John Butler, his heir, who w. Gwenllian, dau. of Tomkin 
(Thomas) Turberville, Esq. His son, — 

John Butler, Esq., of Dunraven, m, a dau. of Sir John Wogan, Kt, of Wiston, Pembroke- 
shire, and had two sons, Thomas and John. The latter {eirca 1550) m. Elizabeth, dau. and 
h. of Philip Percival, Esq., of Coedgantlas (now Coedcenlas), Pemb., where he afterwards 
resided ; and the former and elder son and h. (see Butler of Coedganlas)^ — 

Thomas Butler, Esq., of Dunraven, m. a dau. of David Mathew, Esq., of Radir. His 
son and successor, John Butler, Esq., of Dunraven, ///. Jane, dau. of John Bassett, Esq., 
of Beaupre, and had a son, Arnold Butler^ who ///. Sibylla, dau. of Sir^ John Mon- 
nington, Kt, and had issue, but all d. vit, pat. (see Note\ and a dau., — 



1 12 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Joan^ or as some say, Ann Butler, heiress of Dunraven, who m. Sir Richard Vaughan, Kt., 
of Bredwardine, and had issue. (See Vaughan of Dunraven,') The senior line of Butler of 
Dunraven was now extinct, but the junior branch continued some short time longer in 
Pembrokeshire. 

Arms of Butler of Dunraven, — Az,^ three cups or, with three coi'ers over them. 

Note, — In the valuable MS. volume of pedigrees in the possession of Joseph Joseph, Esq., 
F.S.A., drawn up by "J. H." about a.d. 1720 (as determined by internal evidence, p. 11 et 
pass.)^ the following mem. occurs respecting the last Arnold Butler's household: — "The 
sons and daughter of this Arnold Butler of Dunraven, with other young men, went in a boat 
to the Skut Sker, near Ogmoore, for pleasure, but being careless in fastening the boat it ran 
adrift, so that they were all drowned ; and after the death of the said Arnold, the estate of 
Butler of Dunraven, &c. (and Fleming's lordship of St. George, which fell to John Butler), 
descended all to Walter Vaughan of Bradwardine, Esq., as next heir to his uncle, A. B. ; all 
which happened about the time of Queen Mary." 

" As for the Buttlers of Southerdown, and others of the same family in St. Bride's and 
elsewhere, they say they came of the younger sons of the above said Jenkin Butler, but their 
pedigree as well as some others have been neglected." 



Carne of Nash; Came of Ewenny. 
For the genealogy of the Games see Nicholl-Carne of St. Donafs, 



Mans el of Margam, 

The family of Mansel is not extinct. The Mansels of Garmarthenshire will be found 
under that county. For the Mansels of Margam and Penrice see Margam Abbey, Penrice 
Castle, and Mansel- Talbot of Marram. 



The Herberts. 



For this important and numerous family, see, among the Lords of Glamorgan, Herbert, 
Earl of Pembroke; Bute, Marquis of The Herberts are also found in Powis Castle, 
Montgomery, Rhaglan, Colebrook, Crick/wwel, Havod Ychtryd, Cogan, Swansea, &c. 



Tht Bassetts. 



This family, although of early introduction into Glamorgan, is not extinct. Its origin and 



history will be found under Beaupre Omk and Basset of Beaupre, 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 113 

Other families of Norman origin in the county of Glamorgan, almost all long ago extinct, 
were the following (compare Meyrick, MorganicB Archceogr, ; Golden Grove MS.; Glamorgan 
Pedigrees, from MS. of Sir Isaac Heard, Kt., ed. by Sir Thos. Phillipps, Bart., 1845 J 
D. Jenkin's MS. ; Lewys Dwnn's Herald. Visit, of Wales, &c.) : — 

De Cantdupe of Cantleston. — This was a Norman family which came early, probably under 
the reign of Rufus, into Glamorgan, and had lands and a residence at a place afterwards 
called after their name, Cantleston, and in W. Tregantlo. They had a succession of four or 
five generations — William de Cantelupe, the first; Richard; Elias; his brother William, 
and Robert, named under " Butler of Dunraven.** 

Scurlage of Scurlage Castle, Gower. — Sir Herbert Scurlage is the first we hear of at this 
place. His settlement was earlier than the name of his manor, §aid to have been called 
after himself. The Welsh name of the stronghold, adopted as is likely after his time, was 
Trecastelly and it was inherited by the Gibbon family. Sir Herbert Scurlage, believed to 
have been of Norman origin, obtained this manor from Sir Richard de Clare about a.d. 1250, 
the object of his being stationed here being to " curb the natives." According to the 
custom of the age, and the more effectually to overawe the Welsh, he built a castle, small 
portions of which still remain, near Llanddewi, in Gowerland ; and for a brief period pursued 
no doubt the usual methods of " curbing the natives." We hear nothing of his descendants. 
The place comes next before us as the habitation of a Welsh family, descendants of Einion 
ap CoUwyn (see Gibbon of Trecastell). Nothing more is known of the Scurlages. 

Button of Dyffryn ( Worlton). — About the name Button^ by which this Norman family 
continued to be called for some .twelve or fourteen generations, there is some obscurity. 
The more proper appellation was Le Grant. This was the name by which the first settler 
was known. From Gwion le Grant, Duke of Seville, who m. Mabel, dau. of Richard de 
Clare, it is said, was descended in the fifth generation Thomas le Grant, the first who 
assumed or submitted to the surname Button. Some say it was a nickname, with playful 
reference to the smallness of his stature. He m. Grisly, or Grissyl, the Welsh heiress of 
Dyffryn, probably late in the thirteenth century. His son was Howel Button, who m. Gwen- 
llian, dau. of Tomkin Turberville, of Tythegston, her mother being Lucy, dau. and co-h. of 
Sir John Norris, Knt., of Penlline Castle. His descendants intermarried with the families 
of Gethin of Llandaff, Thomas of Llanfihangel, Kemeys of Newport, Richard of Wallas, 
Lewis of Van, Aubrey of Llantrithyd, &c. We find the Buttons of Dyffryn filling the 
office of Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1556, 1564, 1588, 1641, 1666, 1709, 1727. Not long 
after this date, when Martin Button, Esq., had been sheriff, the male line ^became extinct, 
and the family of Pryce entered Dyffryn by the marriage of Thomas Pryce with the heiress 
of that place. 

The arms of the Buttons were — Az., three bats or. 

Voss of Bai'erton (the Roman Bovium). — This family must have settled at Boverton in 
the latter part of the fourteenth century. The earlier form of the name we meet is Faulx, 



114 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

but it gradually softened into Vaus and Voss. Richard Vaulx had a son William, whose 
wife was Elizabeth, a dau. of Thomas Fleming of Monkton. He had a son, — 

Griffith Vaus, Esq., who pi, Joan, dau. and co-h. of Gruffydd Goch, of the line of 
(iwaethfoed, the well-known Lord of Cardigan, and had issue a dau. Elizabeth, who became 
maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth, and married Roger Sais, Esq. (see Sais^ or Seys^ of 
Bovertofi), The Voss name does not again occur at Boverton, but it continued in the 
neighbourhood for several generations, probably in the descendants of a younger son of 
Richard Vaulx, the first above named. In the church of Llantwit Major, "on the north side 
of the belfry," there is or was a monument to Matthew Voss (b. 1405, d. 1534, "after having 
lived to the very advanced age of 129 years"), who is supposed to have been a younger son 
of the said Richard Vaulx, and ancestor of those bearing the name of Voss after the failure 
of male issue at Boverton. Another monument, of freestone, fixed in the wall of the same 
church, once " defaced and turned inside," contained inscriptions to the memory of the Voss 
family. 

There were Vosses residing at Llantwit and neighbourhood, at Nicholaston, &c., in the 
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. John, a son of John Voss of Nicholaston, went to 
reside at Swansea, and was ancestor to the Vosses, bankers of Swansea. This family it is 
believed is not quite extinct, but has recently left Swansea. 

The Voss arms were — Or^ three liofis raitipant arg.^ upon a bend sa. Crest — Two wings 
adorsed or, upon a ducal coronet. 

Raglan of Carnlhoyd. — This ancient family, traceable through fifteen generations in 
Glamorgan, is in strictness to be considered of Norman descent, as were all the Herberts, 
from whose stock it issued. In the only pedigree available of the Raglans, found in the 
valuable MS. from the collection of Sir Isaac Heard, Clarencieux, printed by the late Sir 
Thomas Phillipps, Bart., no dates are given, and the age of the family must be determined 
by internal evidence. Thus Robert Raglan, the third of the line, marries Elinor, dau. of 
Sir Roger Vau^han, of TreVtwr, Brec, who fell at Agincourt ad. 1415. 

Robert, youngest son of Evan Thomas ap Gwilym Herbert, was the first progenitor 
of the Raglans of Carnllwyd. His son John was sumamed " Raglan " because " his father 
had been brought up with his uncle, Sir William Thomas Herbert, at Raglan." Now Sir 
William was a contemporary with Sir Roger Vaughan, and like him was knighted on 
the field of Agincourt by Henry V. John " Raglan " w. a dau. and h. of Robert 
Mathew, of Carnllwyd, and settled at that place, where his descendants lived for many gene- 
rations. The last was Thomas Raglan, who left only daughters, and the name became 
extinct. 

The arms of this family would probably be those o( Herbert, quartering Mathetv, 

De Cardiff of Cardiff. — Sir Richard de Cardiff received of William, Earl of Gloucester, 
third Lord of Glamorgan, " thirty libratce of land " to hold by the fourth part of a knight's fee 
at Newton Nottage. (Meyrick, Morgania Arch) He held the office oi Dapifer, or steward 
to the earl. His dau. and h. m. Sir Thomas de Sanford, whose heirs for two generations, 
and probably not longer, enjoyed the property. Their name is still commemorated in 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 115 

** Sanford's Well," near Newton Nottage Church. The arms of De Cardiff according to the 
Golden Grove MS. were — '^ Az,y three piles in point or y 

De Rayle of Wrinston. — Sir Simon de Rayle was lord of the mesne manor of Wrinston, 
and Michaelston. Part of the walls of his house remained till comparatively recent times, at 
a place called Court y Rayle (now Courtyrala). John de Rayle was Lord of Wrinston in the 
Despencers' time. 

Marcross of Marcross. — Sir Philip Marcross, lord of the mesne manor of Marcross, left 
no son. His dau. and h. m. William de Pincema, son of Simon de Halweia (Halwey), who 
succeeded to the inheritance. Sir Richard de Pincema, Kt., probably his son, obtained the 
fee of Gelligam on terms of a knight's service, for which he did homage to Le Sore, Lord of 
St. Pagan's (see Le Sore). After his death, Samson de Halweia, the heir, "being annoyed 
and oppressed by his neighbours at Ruthyn, and brought to extreme poverty, exchanged his 
inheritance with the House of Neath for Littleham in Devonshire. This exchange was 
successively ratified by Sir John le Sore and his son, Robert le Sore, by deeds recorded in 
the Registrum de Nith. 

Norris of PenlUne. — Sir Robert Norris, vice-comes or sheriff under Robert of Gloucester, 
second Lord of Glamorgan, appears to have been the first of this line that settled in Gla- 
morgan. He received the mesne manor of Penlline (upon which he built his castle) from 
William, third Lord of Glamorgan. This and other similar facts show that the lands had not 
been all appropriated at the first conquest In the time of Despencer's survey the lordship 
of Penlline was held by Sir John Norris, Kt, whose estates fell to his four daughters, co- 
heiresses, three of whom m. respectively into the families of Walsh of Llandough (Llandocha), 
Morgan of Pencoed (of the Morgans of Tredegar), and Turberville of Coity. 

Jeol of Gileston. — In the time of Despencer's survey Thomas Jeol, or Jule, held from the 
heir of Hugh Despencer (" de haerede Hugonis le Despencer man. de Jeoliston, cum 
advocatione ecclesia ejusdem") the manor of Jeoliston (Gileston), with the ad vows on of its 
church, for one knight's service. It was rated of the value per annum of ^4 12 s. 2d. John 
Thomas's heir at the time is also said to have been of the age of thirteen. This was in 
AD. 1350. 

Bonville of Bonvilston. — Simon Bonville was, at an early stage of the Norman dominion 
in Glamorgan, mesne lord of a piece of land which was subsequently called after his name, 
and which the Welsh, disregarding his surname, called Tre Simon, His stronghold, according 
to Jenkin's MS., " was built in a wood south of Bolston (now called Court yr Abad), and 
was surrounded by a great moat ; parts of the walls were carried away to build other houses, 
and part converted into lime for manuring the land,** We know little of the after history of 
this family; but it is said that a descendant of one of their branches settled in Carmanhen- 
shire, through whom Mr. Bonville, now living near Carmarthen, claims his lineage. 

Bennet of Laleston. — This ancient Glamorganshire family has only very recently dis- 



ii6 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

appeared. Their first and long-continued seat was in Gower. By marriage of John Bennet 
(living 1699) into the family of Jones of Laleston, near Bridgend, they settled at that place, 
and there remained through six generations, till the death s, p, a few years ago of John Wld 
Bennet, Esq., of l^leston. They several times supplied sheriffs for the county of Glamoigan 
(see Sheriffs^ &c.). Their first founder in Gower is said to have been Sir Gervase Beoet de 
Penclawdd, contemporary with the Conqueror, and a knight in his service. The Bennet 
arms were — Arg.^ three goat^ heads erased sa,^ barbed or ^ langued gu. 

Note, — Our careful genealogist, "J. H.," has this note: — "As for the Benncts of 
Penrees, in Gower, they were ever reputed to come from Loughor, for it is certain that there 
were Bennets in Bringwyn and Travele, and other places in Loughor, for many generations 
till the time of Charles the Second : yet it may be that they came from Kilfigin " [near Usk]. 

Daiukin of Kilvrough. — Another Gower house of long continuance, but now extinct, is 
that of Dawkin of Kilvrough, tracing descent from Sir William de Langton, Kt., lord of the 
manors of Langrove and Henllisk, in Gower, temp, PLdward II., whose ancestor is said to 
have "entered England soon after the Conqueror.'* Rowland Dawkin, in lineal descent 
from Ddic'kin Langton, son of the said Sir William, in the year 1585 built the house 
at Kilvrough, His grandson, Rowland Dawkin, was a zealous supporter in these 
parts of Cromwell's government, a colonel in his arm>, and in 1654 — 1658 M.P. for 
Carmarthen. He was also "Governor of Carmarthen in the time of Cromwell ;*' he d. 
1 691, and "was buried at Pennard Church, in the north side of the chancel" (J. H.'s 
MS., circa 1720). The last male possessor of Kilvrough and builder of the mansion now 
standing was William Dawkin, Esq., fourth in descent from the said Rowland, and Sheriff of 
Glamorgan 1773. He left by his wife Mayzod a dau. and h., Mary, who m, a French 
gentleman assuming the title of Marquis de Choiseul, by whom she had no issue, and from 
whom she separated. She sold in 1820 the mansion and demesne of Kilvrough to the late 
Thomas Penrice, Esq. (see Penrice of Kilvrough House), The Dawkin arms were — Gu,^ a 
chetTOfi arg, between three lions rampant or. 

Malefant of St. George" Sj &*c, — The Malefants, or Malifants, were a Pembrokeshire family 
of Norman origin, but some of their members married and settled in Glamorgan ; and we 
find in the lolo MSS., p. 493, one of the castles destroyed or ravaged by Owen Glyndwr in 
this county named " Malefant's " Castle. Where this casde was situated it is not easy to say. 
William Malifant, of Pembrokeshire, at an early period is said to have m. " Elizabeth, dau. 
and h. of John de I-.ondres, by whom he had Landawke " (or Llandough) ; and later, 
Edmond Malifant, of the same line, marries the dau. and h. of Sir William Fleming, Kt, 
and is called "of St. George's." As Llandough is expressly mentioned in the castles 
destroyed by Owen on this incursion into Glamorgan, it is almost certain that the Malifant 
castle he is said to have destroyed was the residence of this Malifant of St. George, who had 
not long before obtained it by this marriage with the dau. of Fleming, owner of the lordship. 
(See Fleming of St, George and JVenvoe,) Richard Maliphant, Esq., of Cyd well, traces to this 
family. The Malifant arms were — Gu.^ a fret arg. 




jrr 



zur 



t Matthpw Cradock Kt and i is Wife Kat eris^ Swankk.^ Chiti 

[Bfu/orl Pr.'Xifis.) 







^ 



Akms ok Sir Hugh Johnvs, Kt. 




Swansea Comr. Seai, 
Temf. Kingythn. 



MONI'VEITAT. llR^ 





(■ vHDiKF Common Skat,, 



K Sir Huuh Johnys, Kt., and Dahe Haudk his Wiff, Swansha 
Cbwrck. {BMu/rrt Pnigrni.) 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF Gi.aMORGAN. 117 



2. — Families of British Descent. 

When we speak of a family which has descended through many generations being of a 
particular race or nationality, the statement must be taken as subject to qualification. 
Above, families have been described as Norman^ although in some cases the very origin was 
doubtful, and in almost all, through the intermarriages of many successions, the prevailing 
blood had become that of the native race. And now that we speak of families of British 
descent, it is not to be forgotten that in many cases the Celtic blood, at first somewhat pure, 
had through frequent union with English and Anglo-Norman become considerably mixed. 
Thus the Mathews of Llandaff intermarry with the Gamage and Stradling houses; the 
Cradocks with the Mansels and Walshes, &c. But the well-known physiological law of the 
prevalence of the stronger or less intermittent race would secure in the British families a 
nearer adherence to the original type than would occur with the Anglo-Norman houses, 
excepting those originally of the Celtic race. 

But in both cases a fact of interest is suggested respecting the ethnological character of 
the Glamorgan population, especially the better class families, viz., that they are of mixed 
derivation in an unusual degree. This fact, obvious from the simple records of alliances, is 
testified by the frequent occurrence of that Scandinavian light complexion which gave Rufus 
the name of " red," and which prevails in the Scottish highlands and islands settled upon by 
the Danes. That this colour is not more abundant in Glamorgan is owing to the neutralizing 
power of the Silurian and Celtic swarthiness, which, if foreign intrusion through modern 
immigration did not favour its rival, would in course of time regain the hold it had in the 
age of Tacitus ( Vit, Agric.^ xi.), and raise anew in some minds the conjecture that the 
people of Gwent and Glamorgan were of Iberian origin, relations of the Spanish race. 



Cradock of Swansea and Cardiff. 

Sir Matthew Cradock, Kt., of Swansea, the first and last of his line bearing that surname, 
was a man of great mark in Glamorgan under the first two Tudor kings. As shown on his 
beautiful tomb, still surviving in Swansea Church, he held the offices of Deputy to the Earl 
of Worcester in Glamorgan, Chancellor of the same, and Steward of Gower and Kilvey. He 
was lineally descended in the eighth degree from Einion ap Collwyn (who was of the sept of 
Caradoc Freichfras), in whose descendants the name Caradoc frequently recurred, but was 
adopted as a surname for the first time in this family (surnames being as yet but partially 
used by the Welsh) by this Matthew^ son of Richard ap Gwilim ap Evan, from Caradoc 
Freichfras. He w., first, Alice, daughter of Philip Mansel, of Oxwich Castle ; secondly. 
Lady Othcrine Gordon, widow of the notorious Perkin Warbcck. Lady Kath'erine, by whom 
he had no issue, survived him, and twice afterwards married, her last husband being 
Christopher Asshton, Esq., of Fyfield, Berks ; and although she is said on the Swansea monu- 
ment to lie in that tomb —as Sir Matthew, who built the tomb in his lifetime, had probably 
fondly expected, — she is known to have died and to have been buried at Fyfield (1537). 



li8 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

By his first wife, Alice Mansel, Sir Matthew Cradock had an only dau., Margaret, who 
7n, Richard Herbert, Esq., of Ewias, father of Sir William Herbert, created Earl of Pembroke 
155 1 (see Herberts^ Earls of Pembroke ; Bute, Marquis of; Herbert of Llanarih, &c.), and 
of Sir George Herbert of Swansea, ancestor of the Herberts of Cogan, White Friars, Cardiff, 
Swansea, Cilybebyll, &c. ; and of the Llewelyns of Ynysygerwn ; Trahernes of Castellau, 
&c. (See further, Traherhe of St. Hilary^ 

Sir Matthew Cradock resided at the " Place House," Swansea, the ruins of which, in 
course of removal, are pictured in the Rev. J. M. Traherne*s Historical Notices of Sir 
Matthew, from which we have taken these particulars ; but, as there intimated, ** it is 
impossible to say how much of the building " then pulled down " was the work of Sir 
Matthew.'* He d. a.d. 153 i. By his will, recently discovered in the Prerogative Court of 
Canterbury, he refers to his house as " my new place at Swainsey," leaves the farm of 
Comers Well (which lies to the south of Cogan Pill House), and twenty-six kine and one 
bull to William Herbert, second son of his grandson. Sir George Herbert ; and to his 
daughter Margaret estates in reversion during her life, with the injunction " upon " his 
" blessing " not in anything to break this his " last will ; " provides for his widow, the Lady 
Katherine, whom he appoints his sole executrix ; charges his lands with " the sum of xx 
nobles per ann.'* for the maintaining and repairing of " the chapel of St. Anne, in Swansea 
Church " (afterwards called " Cradock's Chapel," and now " Herbert's Chapel," which he says 
was built " time out of mind " by his ancestor, John Horton, where his tomb was erected 
during his Hfetime), "and to find a priest to sing there for evermore for my soul, my wife's 
soul, my ancestors' souls, and [good, generous man !] for all Christian souls." The lands 
still produce " nobles," but the priest and his singing have long ago gone their way — without 
loss, we trust, to Sir Matthew Cradock or any of the other " Christian souls." 

The Cradock arms were — Az.^ semee of cross crossletSy three boars' heads couped arg. 



Crculock of Clieriton, 

The Cradocks of Cheriton were a junior line, proceeding, it is said, from Robert ap Evan, 
deriving from Einion ap Collwyn, while Sir Mathew Cradock of Swansea was descended 
from Gwilim ap Evan, an elder brother. These Cradocks settled at Cheriton about the 
time of Henry VH., by mar. of David Cradock with the heiress of Pliilip Delabere of that 
place, and maintained their surname in the male line for several generations. • They inter- 
married with Mansells, Flemings, Popkins, and Bassetts. Philip Cradock, the fifth possessor 
of Cheriton, sold that place "about 1657 to Thomas Philip of Swansey" (J. H.'s MS.). 
His great-gr. son, Philip Cradock, is described as of Tir-Coch, and living in 1690, having m, 
Susan, dau. of Harry Mansel, Esq., by whom he had a son, Morgan, " a priest" The 
writer of the'*MS. just cited has this note respecting the arms of the Cradocks : — " Memdm. 
That the above-named Evan ap Caradock killed a monstrous wild boar in Clyne Forrest, in 
the parish of Oysterraouih, upon which occasion the arms were altered." 



OLD AND EXTINXT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 119 

LougJur of Tythegston, 

This family, which will be hereafter noticed in the lineage of Knight of Newton Nottage, 
was of Cymric origin, and had representatives in the male line till a.d. 1701, when the last 
Richard Lougher, Esq., of Tythegston, died, and his estate passed to his daughters. In 
Knight's Account of Newton Notiage it is said, " There seems to be no reason to doubt that 
one of the descendants of Leyson of Avan (the great-gr. son of Morgan, the son of Caradoc 
ap lestyn) residing at Loughor [in Gower] took his name from that ancient town, and trans- 
mitted it to his posterity. By a receipt of Lady Lucy Bassett, called * Lucy Verch Griffith 
Nicholas,' dated Oct. 10, 1472 (12th Edward IV.), it appears that Richard Lougher farmed 
from her a moiety of Weobley Castle in Gower. Three years later his name is mentioned 
in a singular kind of marriage compact ; Richard Lougher covenants with John ap Griffith 
Howell to give his daughter Ann to David son. of John ap Griffith ; if Ann did not live to 
fulfil the contract, that then David should marry some other daughter of Richard Lougher, 
and interchangeably, in case of David's premature death, a son of Lougher should marry a 
daughter of John ap Griffith, with proviso that the marriage portion of fifty marks [^33 6s. 8d.] 
then covenanted to be paid under special conditions should be still payable between the 
parties under any of these contemplated contingencies." 

Watkin Lougher was succeeded in 1608 by his eldest son, Richard, who spent much of 
his life and fortune in legal contests with Sir Thomas Mansel of Margam, Moris Mathew of 
Glyn Ogwr, and Sir Edward Stradling of St. Donat's. His son and successor, Watkin 
Lougher, was Sheriff of Glamorgan 1635, " when Charles I. was making his fatal experiment 
of ruling without a parliament." The maritime counties of Wales were required to provide 
;£'2,204, second assessment of ^"^ ship-money T To the instrument issued for this purpose 
were attached the well-known names of Humphrey Chetham (founder of the Chetham 
Library, Manchester) ; William Glyn (of Elemion,) High Sheriff of Carnarvon ; John Scour- 
field, Sheriff of Pembrokeshire; &c. Watkin Lougher, sheriff, had much trouble, of course, 
in raising his portion of this oppressive tax, and his deputy at Cardiff, Arthur Lloyd by 
name, had also trouble, annoyance, and loss, and bitterly chafes against his hard lot, the 
commands of our sovereign and dread lord the king notwithstanding. " My labour," he says, 
"and the labour of my cousin Roberts, in wearing out our bodies and clothes, hindarance 
and loss of time at home, and the spoiling of my gelding for ever, which stood me in £,% ; 
God send you and me well to do in this troublesome office, and to go out of it in safety ! " 
It is a strange thing at present to hear that Carmarthen, Cardiff, and Liverpool were rated at 
the same amount for this royal " ship-money " business, viz., ^15. The county of Glamorgan 
was to contribute ^200. 

Richard Lougher, Watkin's son, the last of that name at Tythegston, succeeded in 1651, 
was Sheriff of Glamorgan 1655 and 1696 ; m, Cecil, dau. of Judge Jenkins, sumamed " Heart 
of Oak," and " Pillar of the Law,** of Hensol Castle. He lefl no son, but three daughters, 
the eldest being Cecil, who m. Edward Turberville, of Sutton, and lefl a dau., Cecil, who m, 
Robert, son of Sir John Knight,- Kt, of Redleape, Mayor of Bristol 1670, M.P. for Bristol, 
&c., from whom the family of Knight of Tythegston is descended (see Knight of TytJiegston; 
Knight of Neii'ton Nottage), 



I20 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Mathew of Uandaffy Radir^ 6f*c, 

This very ancient and long-continuing family derived from Gwilym, son of Gwaethfoed, 
Lord of Cardigan, by Morfydd, dau. of Ynyr, King of Gwent, through Gruffydd Gethin, 
ranked as tenth from Gwaethfoed, and Ivan ap Gruffyd Gethin, who m, Cecil, dau. and 
heiress of Watkin Llewelyn of Llandaff, of the lineage of lestyn ap Gwrgant. He settled at 
Llandaff. His son, Matthew Ivan Gruffydd, and his grandson, David Mathew, introduced 
the surname, which never ceased for twelve generations. They intermarried with the 
Flemings of Flemingston, Morgans of Tredegar, Gamages of Coity, Stradlings of St. Donat's, 
&c., and branched off at early periods into the vigorous families of Mathew of Castell 
Menych (Monk's Castle) and Mathew of Radir, Mathew of Aberaman, and Mathew of 
Sweldon and Llancaiach, all of whom are now extinct. The House of Llandaff supplied 
sheriffs for Glamorgan in the years 1546, 1769, and member of Parliament in the person of 
Thomas Mathew, father and son, in 1744, 1756. This same Thomas Mathew, sen, 
of Llandaff, was Rear-Admiral and Admiral of the White ; and Thomas the son was a major 
in the array. In his election he polled 954 votes against 212 given for his "opponent," 
Charles Van, Esq. By his wife, Anne, dau. of Robert Knight, Esq., of Sutturm, he had, 
besides several other children, a son, also named Thomas Mathew, Esq., of Llandaff, the 
sheriff of 1769, who d. iTji, s.p. 

The Mathews of Llandaff bore the arms of Gwaethfoed — Or^ a lion rampant regardant 
sa.y crowned gu. 



Mathew of Radir, 

The same in descent with the foregoing, and branching off from Llandaff with Thomas^ 
third son of David, who has been described as first settling the surname of Mathew, 
Thomas m, Cate, dau. and co-h. of Morgan Llewelyn ap Ivan. Their eldest son was 
William, who became Sir William Mathew, Kt., of Radir. He was succeeded by his son 
Sir George Mathew, Kt. This family supplied several sheriffs for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
ex.gr,y William Matthew, 1567; do., 1579; Henry Mathew, 1589; Thomas Mathew, 1613. 

Ekimund Mathew, Esq., of Radir, a younger brother, succeeded his two elder brothers, 
who d, s. p.y as possessor of the estates, and was himself succeeded by his eldest son, 
George Mathew, who m. a dau. of Sir John Pomes, Kt., who was the widow of the Earl of 
Ormond, and had a son, Theobald Mathew, Esq., who is called in " J. H.*s " MS. " Lord of 
Bishopstown and Llandaffe," not of Radir. He m, three times, and had George, two 
other sons, and daus., but we discover no traces of their further history. Theobald Mathew 
d, A.D. 1700. No little confusion exists in the MSS. respecting the marriages and suc- 
cessions of these later Mathews of Radir ; but about the high position and influence of the 
family in this co. there cannot be a doubt. 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 121 



Mathew of Casieii Menych {Monk's Castlt), 

Robert Mathew, second son of Ivan ap Gruffydd Gethin (see Mathew of Llandaff\ was 
the first of this branch family of the Mathews. He m, Gwladys, dau. of Llewelyn Powel 
Fychan, of Brecon, and had two sons, William, his successor at Castell Menych, and 
Morgan, from whom descended the Mathews of Roos, Aberaman, and Brynwhith. William's 
wife was Margaret, dau. of John Gamage, Esq., Lord of Coity, and his son Robert, of 
Castell Menych, m. Alice, dau. of John Thomas, Esq., of Pantygored, of the lineage of 
Madoc ap lestyn ap Gwrgant. Eight more generations from father to son succeed at 
Castell Menych. They intermarry with the Raglans of Carnllwyd, Lewises of Vann, 
Morgans of Bedwellty, and Jenkins of Hensol ; the last-mentioned marriage, being followed 
by no issue male, terminated the name at Castell Menych, circa a.d. 1700. Cecil, the heiress, 
m. Charles Talbot, cr. Baron Talbot of Hensol and Lord Chancellor 1733. He d. 1737 
(see Talbot of Hensol Castle). The Castell Menych estate henceforth vested in the Talbots. 

Thomas Mathew of Castell Menych was Sheriflf of Glamorgan 16 13, and his son of 
the same name was sheriflf 1668. 

For the arras of Mathew of Castell Menych see Mathew of IJandaff, The Talbot arms 
were — Gu.^ a lion rampant within a border engrailed or^ a crescent for difference — the arms 
still borne by the Talbots, Earls of Shrewsbury, Talbots of Margam, &c. 



Sir Hugh Johnys of Swansea. 

« 

This remarkable man may be said in a sense to form his own family : the space his life 
occupied, and the disguise under which his descendants (not bearing his name, since he left 
no son) passed down the stream of time, which is ever engulfing families and their memorials, 
necessarily centre all our attention upon himself. And yet Hugh ap John, al Jones and 
Jonys, was of a good and noble stock, for he was descended from no less renowned fore- 
fathers than the Vychans (Vaughans) of Trirtwr^ Brec, and maternally from Sir David Gam, 
Sir Roger Vaughan of Tre'rtwr (Tretower), who was knighted and died on the field of 
Agincourt, Oct. 23, a.d. 141 5, was his gr. grandfather, and Sir Roger's wife, his gr. grand- 
mother, was Gwladys, dau. of the testy but brave Sir David Gam, who also was knighted 
and died on that fatal day. 

Sir Roger Vaughan, Kt., left a son, Watkin, and he a natural son^ John Watkin Vaughan, 
or, as the Welsh of those times would say, John ap Watkin ap Roger Vychan, who was 
father of Hugh, afterwards Sir Hugh Johnys. The origin of this surname is plain, — Hugh 
vidisjohn's^ 01 John- his (sc.^ son), euphonically expressed Jon^s^ or Jonys. Sir Hugh*s wife was 
Mawde, dau. of Rees Cradock, Esq., uncle of Sir Mathew Cradock (see Cradock of Swansea), 
As we have said, he left no son to survive him, but two daus., Gwenllian and Jeannette, co- 
heiresses : the former m, David Rees ap levan of Ynyspenllwch ; the latter, John David 
Morgan of Cadley and Cefngorwedd. The interesting monograph on Sir Hugh Johnys, by 
Col. Grant-Francis, F.S.A., from which these particulars are obtained, contains no further 



^imifm^/^mmmmKfmmmf^'^^^^^'^^^^'''^^^'^^ * ^ " "^ 



122 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

account of his descendants, nor is the year of his birth or death precisely known. We find 
it stated, however, in the Beaufort Progress^ p. 170, referring to a later time, that "of this 
family of Jones was Hugh Jones, Lord Bishop of Llandaff, consecrated 1566, being the 
first Welshman that was bishop of his church in almost three hundred years before.'* For 
this link of relationship we find no further authority. 

Of the tenor of his active life as a soldier we can judge from the ample epitaph on tlie 
monumental brass still in the chancel of St. Mary's, Swansea. He was, it is clear, " a knight 
clad in mail, sniffing from afar the smell of adventure," whose language meetly was, — 

" Therefore, friends, 
As far as to the Sepulchre of Christ, 
Whose soldier now — under whose blessed Cross 
We are impressed and engaged to fight." 

The antique spelling has been corrected into modern, but no word omitted or added ; — 

" )Pras for tije soul of Sir J^ngi) Jloi)n20, 3Stnfr;{)t,anti ISame ifiauljc,!)!^ t]3ife,b)I)ic!j £ir l^ugf) 
Inas mabe a kntgijt at tj^e ^olji £epulc!)re of our Eorli Jfesu Cj^rist in tl)e cttg of Jlcrugalrm, 
t})e l^ti) bag of august, lije gear of our ILorti ffiob \\\\. ^nli ti)e saiti £ir J^ug!) ijab con^ 
ttnueb m ti)e Inarss ti)ere a long time before, 60 tfje space of 66e gears, t!)at ts to sa^. against tl)e 
QTurbs anti Saracens, in ti)e parts of (S^rog, (Greece, anb (S^urkesi, tinlier 3oi)n, tj^at time iEmperor 
of Constantinople, anb after ti)at tnasf 3Stnigi)t iiEars()aI of JFiance, unber Jloj^n, Butte of 
Somerfiet, b^l tfje space of fibe gears, anti in lifte toise, after ti^at, Inas ltnigi)t i^arsljal of 
iEnglanb untier tije gooti 3o})n, Butte of i^orfoltt, ^^\^ j^otjn gabe unto i)tm tj^e manor of 
Hantitmore, to fjim, anti to \\i tjetrs for ebermore, upon b)I)ose souls, 3esu, f)abe merco." 

Sir Hugh Johnys, though a hardy soldier, was not proof against the soft blandishments of 
the sex. When as yet a bachelor, but after his knighthood and foreign service, he " fell in 
love " with Elizabeth, the beautiful dau. of Sir Richard Woodville, and afterwards as widow 
of Sir Thomas Gray, married to King Edward IV. Miss Strickland in her " Lives " refers 
to this affair thus : — " While yet in attendance on Queen Margaret, she [Elizabeth Woodville] 
captured the heart of a brave knight, Sir Hugh Johns, a great favourite of Richard, Duke of 
Yorkk He had nothiog in the world wherewithal to endow the fair Woodville but a sword 

whose temper had been proved in many a battle in France ; he was, however, a timid wooer, 

* 

* and very impolitically deputed others to make to the" beautiful maid of honour the declara- 
tion of love which he wajited courage to speak himself." 

From this trouble of the affections, although aided by the direct and strong recommen- 
dations of the Duke of York and the great Earl of Warwick, the ''king-maker,*' Sir Hugh did 
not emerge with success. He was looked coldly upon by the young beauty, and took to 
the wise course of marrying Maude Cradock, who probably made him a better wife than a 
maid of honour would have made. 

Sir Hugh Johnys was not so destitute of means to endow a wife as Miss Strickland 
suggests. His patrimony may have been small, but he had received from the Duke of 
Norfolk, as stated on his monument, the lordship of Landimor, whose castle he is said to 
have repaired and beautified ; and G©1. Francis, who visited the spot and has investigated 
the changes of ownership of this manor, although the subject is surrounded with some 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMTLIES OF (ILAMOROAN. 123 

difficulty, does not see reason to doubt the statement on the brass. There are other 
properties mentioned as belonging to Sir Hugh Johnys ; but it is quite likely that his means, 
when measured against the demands which a lady from court would make upon them, were 
too inadequate. 

About the arms of Sir Hugh Johnys there seems to hang a good deal of obscurity. In 
the Beaufort Progress {16^4) it is said that when the Duke of Beaufort, or rather Mr. Dineley, 
his recorder, inspected the church of St. Mary, the arms had disappeared, " having been 
stolen away "like the scroll issuing out of Sir Hugh's mouth, but they were "also discernible 
among some broken glass" — whether in a window is not stated, — "and said by others of the 
town to be the arms of Sir Hugh Jones and his lady." They are then figured on the margin 
of the Progress thus : — Arg,, a /esse gu. between three cocks of the second^ armed, crested^ and 
jelloped o/t/te sawe^" by the name of Jones." It is added, ** These armes were ver}' worthily 
borne by this bold Britan^ Sir Hugh Johyns (now Jones), Lord oi Landimore. The second 
"brass escocheon {sic) robbed from the tomb," and which was understood to tear arms of the 
lady, is blazoned thus : — Quarterly : \st and /^hy sa,, a chevron arg. between three boys' heads 
couped at the shoulders ^ around the neck a snake entwined^ proper; 2nd and ^rd, sa., a chevron 
arg. between three spear-heads of the same, guttes de sang. 

This entire shield would appear to be suitable rather for Sir Hugh Johnys himself; for 
he, being descended from the Vaughans of Tre'rtwr, might adopt the boys' heads of the first 
and fourth quarters, the arms of that family (the illegitimacy of the father would not in those 
days prevent this), as descended from Moreiddig VVarwyn {circa 1 200), grandson of Bleddyn 
ap Maenarch. Moreiddig is fabled to have been bom with a snake around his neck — the 
** reason '* why he adopted these arms instead of those of his ancestor Bleddyn. The spear- 
heads of the second and third quarters were the proper arms of Bleddyn. But about the 
" three cocks " said by Mr. Dineley to have been " worthily borne by this bold Britan^ Sir 
Hugh," there is room for much doubt. As he found them not on the tombstone, but " among 
some broken glass," and received only some verbal accounts in support of his conjecture, we 
cannot positively say that Sir Hugh Johnys, Kt., bore these arms in addition to those 
belonging to his lineage. At the same time Sir Hugh, being a knight with a penchant for 
fighting, may have adopted as his appropriate symbol a bird so famous both for his con- 
tentiousness and courage, especially as the tincture was gules. 



Seys of Borer ton. 

This family, which continued at Boverton for four generations, claimed derivation from 
Bleddyn ap Maenarch, Lord of Brecknock in the eleventh century, and quartered his arms. 
Boverton was the property of the Voss family, which ended here in an heiress, Elizabeth 
Voss, Maid of Honour to Queen Elizabeth, who m. Roger Seys, Esq. (son of levan Sais^ 
Esq., of Cowbridge), Attorney-General of all Wales. Roger Seys died 1599, and was buried 
at Llantwit Major. His son, Richard Seys, of Boverton "and Swansea," had to wife 
Margaret, dau. of Leyshon Evans, Esq., of the Gnoll, by a dau. of Matthew Herbert, Esq., 
of Swansea, and had a large family. The eldest son, Evan, of Boverton, a serjeant-at-law, 
besides a son Richard, had a dau. Margaret, who d. single in London, 1696, leaving her 

K 



,24 Gl-AMORGANSHIRE. 

cousin, William Seys of Swansea, sole executor.— and Elizabeth, who also d. single, leaving 
her nephew Peter, Lord King, sole executor. 

Richard Seys, Esq., of Boverton, m. and had a family; but his two sons, E\-an and 
William, d. s.p., the latter in 1 710. The eldest dau., Anne, m. Peter King, afterwards Lord 
Chancellor of England, nephew of John Locke, and father, by Anne Seys, of four succeeding 
Lords King, from whom are descended the present Earls of Lovelace, who still quarter the 
arms (three spear-heads) of Bleddyn ap Maenarch. The male line at Boverton was now 
extinct, and the Seyses henceforth existed at Swansea, Caerleon, Reeding, &c. — all extinct 

The arms of Seys of Boverton were— C^'*^^''^' ^st and ^h^ az.^ 6 plates^ on a chief or^ a 
demi-lion rampant ^u,; 2nd and ^rd, sa., a chevron arg, between three spear-heads of the same, 
with their points imbrued. Crest— ^ demidion rampant.gu. Motto — Crescit subpondere virtus. 



Van of Mar cross. 

This ancient British family went, by Norman-French rendering, by the name De Anne, 
or perhaps more properly De Aran, They were traditionally said to have settled at first 
in Cornwall, and to have come over to Marcross, near St. Donat's, in the reign of 
Edward III. Here they remained for at least ten generations. But junior branches con- 
tinued longer elsewhere. We have seen under Mathew of Llandaff, that Charles Van, Esq., 
contested the co. of Glamorgan in 1756 against Major Thomas Mathew of Llandaff. The 
residence of Charles Van is not mentioned ; but it may be conjectured with great probability 
to have been Llanwern, Monmouthshire. No Van is found among the sheriffs of Glamorgan, 
except in 1618, when Edward Van, Esq., of Marcross, held the office. 

John de Anne, who m. the heiress of Marcross, held this lordship of the heirs of Hugh 
Despencer at one knight's service, valued per annum at 37s. 6d., and his son, John, at the 
time of the survey was forty years of age — " et Johes de Anne est fils et haeres ejus 40, 
annorum retat.'* This John, we presume, was father of Paganus de Anne, or Payn Van, 
w^ho was lord of the manor of Marcross 7th Henry VL, 1429, and sold the lordship of 
Llandoiigh and St. Mary Church, 22nd Henry VL, 1444, to Sir William Thomas, Kt., of 
Raglan, his son William, and their heirs for ever. " Testibus hiis, Ludovicus Matthew, 
David Matthew, William Bawtrip, William Jeule, et Johannes Fleming [all well-known 
names], Armigeri, die lunae post fest. assumpt beatae Mariae virginis,'* &c. 

Payn Van m, Anne, dau. of GrufFydd ap Ivan (Bevan) ap Leyson, Esq., Lord of Baglan, 
and had a son William, after whom came in succession John, Edmond, William, George, 
Edward, the last, Sheriff of Glamorgan 16 18, m, Grace, dau. of Francis Stradling, Esq., and 
sister of Sir George Stradling, of St. Donat's Castle. Edward Van had one son and one dau. 
The latter, named Elizabeth, w., first, William Matthew, jun., of Aberaman. Secondly, Sir 
Richard Bassett of Beaupre, Kt. John Van, Esq., of Marcross, was the last of the line we 
have account of at that place. He m,^ 1678, Mary, dau. of William Thomas of Llanfihangel, 
and had issue ; but of the issue no record is at hand. (See Van of Llanwern,^ 

The arms of the Vans of Marcross were — Sa,^ a cha^ron between three butterflies (some say 
bees^ displayed arg. 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 125 



Thomas of Llanfihangel and Brigan. 

The old mansion of Llanfihangel Manor, near Llanti^'it Major, with its picturesque 
gables and finely mullioned windows, now a comfortable farmhouse, presents to the passer 
by an object of unfailing interest. Here the family of Thomas resided. Under Lougher of 
Tythegsion it has been shown that that family took its name from Loughor, the place of its 
abode. The father was priest of Loughor (Castell-llwchwr), Richard by name, son of 
Gronw, sixth son of Ivan ap Leyson, Lord of Baglan, near Aberavon ; and one of his brothers 
was named Thomas 2cp Gronw, who received the surname /?//«— "the black," by reason of 
the colour of his hair. They were of the lineage of lestyn ap Gwrgant. The maternal 
ancestors of this family were, however, of mixed blood, beginning with the Bassons, who 
became Lords of Brigan by grant of Gilbert de Clare, a.d. 1257. Stephen Basson, or 
Bauson, the first lord, was the man sent by Henry III, with a great force to encounter 
Prince Llewelyn ap GrufFydd, a.d. 1257, but was repulsed with great loss near Llandeilofawr 
{AnnaL Cambr.y sub ann. 1257). The line of Basson ceased with his son; his granddau., 
Beatrice, m, the Welshman, Aaron ap Howel Fychan ap Cadwgan ap Bleddyn ap Maenarch. 
This British line continued at Brigan for twelve generations (assuming the name Thomas on 
mar. of the heiress with Thomas, fifth son of Ivan ap Leyson, and brother of Gronw^ ancestor 
of the Llanfihangel line), till Anthony Thomas, Esq., who m, Elinor, dau. of William 
Bassett, clerk, of Bonvilleston and Newton Nottage, d. s. p, about the end of the eighteenth 
century. 

Thomas Ddu, named above, m, the heiress of Llanfihangel, as his father's brother had 
m. the heiress of Brigan. His descendants intermarried with the Vans of Marcross, Flemings 
of Flimstone, Games of Ewenny, Mathews of LlandafF, &c. Edward Thomas of Llanfihangel 
was Sheriflf of Glamorgan in 1633, and created a baronet 1640. He m. Susan, dau. of Sir 
Thomas Morgan of Rhiwpera, Knt., and had a son, — 

Sir Robert Thomas, Bart., of Llanfihangel and Bettws, whose wife was Mary, dau. of 
David Jenkins, sen., Esq., of Hensol. He had no son; his only dau., Susannah, who m, 
Robert Savours, Esq., of Breach, Llanblethian, had no issue, and d. in the lifetime of her 
father. Sir Robert sold his estate of Llanfihangel about 1650 to Humphrey Edwin, Esq. 

The arms of Thomas of Llanfihangel are not known to us, but as the lineage was that of 
lestyn ap Gwrgant, it may be presumed the arms would follow, with quarterings for 
alliances. 



Gibbon of TrecastU (Gower), 

Tracing to Einion ap CoUwyn, the opponent of lestyn ap Gwrgant, Gibbon ap Llewelyn, 
eighth in descent, had a son Richard ap Gibbon of Trecastell — a place previously known 
under a foreign name (see Scurlage of Scurlage Castle), How Richard Gibbon became pos- 
sessed of the favour of the De Breoses so as to obtain this property we have no means at 
hand of knowing. A Welshman himself, he also m, a Welsh wife, Catherine, dau. of Howel 
ap Ivan, of the line of Bleddyn ap Maenarch. 



126 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Seventh in descent from Richard, Thomas Gibbon, Esq., of Trecastle, son of George, 
was Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1679 ; and his son. Grant Gibbon, Esq., of Trecastle (//. 1771), 
served the same office in 1735. The grandson of Grant, William Gibbon, son of William 
(//. 1764) by Alice, dau. of Rees Powell, Esq., of Llanharan, was also of Trecastle, and w., 
1784, his second cousin, dau. of Samuel Price, Esq., of Park. 

The arms of Gibbon of Trecastle were those of Eioion ap Collwyn — Sa,^ a chevron arg, 
hehvcen three fleurs-de-lis of the same. 

There were also Gihbotis of Cefntrehatiy or Pentrebean, St. Pagan's, one of whom, ** Dr. 
Gibbon, built the great house at St. Pagan's ; **] but they were not, as far as is known, of the 
same stock with the Gibbons of Trecastle in Gower. 



Popktfi of Ynys- Tawe and Forest, 

There were Popkins of Ynys-Tawe and Forest, both of the same lineage, the former the 
senior line, and both now extinct. They claimed descent from Rhodri Mawr, King of 
Wales, through his eldest son. Prince Anarawd {succ, a.d. 877). Gruffydd Gethin, the first 
named in the pedigrees as of Ynys-Tawe, ninth in descent, had a son Hopkin ap Gruffydd, 
and he a son David ap Hopkin of Ynys-Tawe, who m, Eva, dau. of Jenkin ap Leyson of 
Avan, of the race of lestyn ap Gwrgant. Hopkin ap David ap Hopkin followed, and had a 
son David ap Hopkin, whose son, Hopkin David of Ynys-Tawe, had an elder son, — 

David Popkin^ who finally fixed the patronymic as a surname. He w. Jennet, dau. of 
Robert William, E^q., of Court Rhyd-hir, and, with other children, had a son and successor, 
John [j-^., son of] David Popkin, of Ynys-Tawe, who, adhering to the favourite family name, 
called his eldest son Hopkin [j^., son of] John David Popkin, who was also of Ynys-Tawe. 
By his wife Luce, dau. of Harry Rees ap Gruffydd, he left an elder son, his successor, David 
Popkin, who m, Jane, dau. of Thomas Morgan Cadwgan, Esq., and was succeeded by his 
son, Hopkin David Popkin, living 1678, whose wife was a dau. of John David Rosser of 
Trewyddfa. The account of this elder branch here ceases in our MSS. 

The YortsX junior line begins with Hopkin, second son of the above Hopkin David of 
Ynys-Tawe, and continues at Forest, near Neath, for ten generations. This line seems to 
have held a higher position in the county than the senior. Thomas Popkin of Forest was 
Sheriff of Glamorgan in 17 18, and his grandson Thomas held the same office in 1755. 
They intermarried with the families of Dawkins of Ynystawlog, Evans of Peterwell, Card. ; 
and the last-mentioned Thomas m, Justina Maria, dau. of Sir John Stepney of Llanelly. 
The last male representative was Bennet Popkin, Esq., of Forest, " who went to reside at 
Kittlehill in pursuance of a limitation in the will of his aunt, Mrs. Bennet." He m, Mary, 
dau. and co-h. of David White, Esq., of Miskin, and d, s,p. (See Bath of Jfynone.) 

The arms of the Popkins were — Or, a stag passant gu,y attired and hoofed sa. ; a bordure 
engrailed gu. 



Price of Penile^ rgaer and Nydfyivch, 
Of the sept of Bleddyn ap Maenarch, I^rd of Brecknock when the Normans under 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 127 

Newmarch attacked that country, a.d. 1091 or thereabouts, was David Evan Fwya (the 
*• greater," or perhaps " senior **), whose father was Gwilym Ddu. A junior gr. grandson of 
his, William ap David, founded the family of Nydfywch; and a senior gr. grandson, brother 
of the former, named Evan ap David, was oi PenlU^rgaer, 

To Evan ap David succeeded at Penlle'rgaer his son Griffith, his grandson Rees, and gr. 
grandson John ap Rees^ with whom originated the surname Price, He lived in the tune of 
Elizabeth \ m. Elizabeth, dau. of Roger Seys, Esq., of Boverton, Attorney-General for South 
Wales, by Elizabeth Voss, heiress of Boverton (see Seys 0/ Boverton, and Voss of do.). His 
son Griffith Price succeeded at Penlle'rgaer, and was followed by four generations of his 
descendants (Thomas Price was Sheriff of Glamorganshire 1739), under the last of whom, 
Griffith Price, Esq., barrister-at-law, issue male failed. He m, Jane, dau. and h. of Henry 
Matthew of Nydfywch (thus reuniting the two families, the latter having adopted the surname 
Mattkeii' from Matthew ap John ap William of that place), and had a dau. Mary, who d:s,p. 
He ;//. a second time, but had no issue. By his will he devised the Penlle'rgaer estate to his 
cousin John Llewelyn, Esq., of Ynysygerwn, near Neath (Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1790), in 
whose family it still continues. (See Lleivelyn of Penllirgaer and Ynysygerwn,) 



Evans of Gnoll, 

This important family, which ended in the marriage of the heiress with Sir Humphrey 
Mackworth, a lawyer and a celebrated mine proprietor (began his mining operations at 
Neath, 1695), resided at Gnoll, near Neath, for six or seven generations. They derived 
from lestyn ap Gwrgant, through Morgan Fychan Leyson, the second son of Evan ap 
Leyson, who m, a dau. of Jenkyn ap Rhys ap Llewelyn, of Glyn N^dd. 

In the fourth generation, Evan ap David ap Evan is said to be " of Neath or Gnoll." 
His son, David Evans, who began the surname, was Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1562 ; David 
Evans, his grandson, held the same office in 1632. This last David m. Elinor, dau. of Sir 
Walter Rice, of Newton — the absurd name attempted for a time to be given to the venerable 
Dinefawr (Carm.). He had an eldest son, Edward Evans, Esq., of Gnoll, who m, Frances, 
dau. of Sir William Button, Knt, and had issue, besides Mary, who m, Walter Evans, Esq., 
of Llwyn-eryr, the original of " Eaglesbush," a son (see Evans of Eaglesbush), — 

Herbert, afterwards Sir Herbert Evans, Knt., Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1661, who m, 
Anne, dau. and co-h. of William Morgan, Esq., of Pencryg. He had issue five daughters, 
who all d, s. p, except one, who, eventually sole heiress, m, Humphrey Mackworth, 
knighted 1682. 

The arms of Evans of The Gnoll were lestyn ap Gwrganfs — Gu., three chevrons arg. 

The Mcukworths were originally from Mackworth, in Derbyshire ; there was a Humphrey 
Mackworth of Betton, in Salop; but Sir Humphrey Mackworth came to Wales from Bentley, 
parish of Tardely, Worcestershire. He was created a knight only, but the family, an 
ancient one, had had a baronetcy in it, cr. in 1619, in the person of Thomas Mackworth, 
of Normanton; and this title was revived in 1776 in the person of Sir Humphrey of the 



128 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Gnoirs grandson, Sir Herbert Mackworth, Bart, M.P. for Cardiflf 1768, 1774, 1780, and 
1784, d, 1792. 

Sir Robert Mackworth, his son, m. 1792, but d. 1794, s. p.^ when the title devolved upon 
his brother, Sir Digby ; but the estate had been devised to his widow, who m, Capel 
Hanbury Leigh, Esq., of Pontypool Park, Lord Lieutenant of Mon. GnoU Castle was 
afterwards sold to the late Henry John Grant, and since his death has been again sold. 
Sir Digby Mackworth was of Glen-Usk, in Mon., where his descendants still are seated. 

Cradock of Long Ash. — This family are only supposed to be of kindred origin with the 
Cradocks of Cheriton. "J. H." could not "find their line exactly;" but they "were at 
Long Ash very long, for I saw a deed/' he says, " dated in the time of King Edward IV., 
that John Cradock of Long Ash, yeoman, purchased a close called the Hams, part of the 
tenement of Harry ap Owen.*' This family continued for eight or nine generations from Philip 
Cradock, who lived at Long Ash temp, Henry VHL, but whether all the time at the same 
place we have no means of knowing. They seem to have disappeared with Elizabeth 
Cradock, who m, " Owen Evan, clerk." A note by " J. H." says, " And it is further to be 
remembered that the said William Cradock, sen., upon the account of disinheriting his 
daughter, Katherine, was very much troubled in conscience, as he said ; then he settled 
other lands on her and her heirs, which they still enjoy \circa 1720], viz., the two new 
parks, Northways, Blindwell, and other lands in Bishopston, and the Field : the deeds 
and writings touching the same I have seen." 

Thomas of Llanbradach. — Thomas Be van of Llanbradach i^d. circa 1500), son of Evan 
Llewelyn David (see MS. of Sir Isaac Heard, Clarencieux, ed. by Sir T. Phillipps, Bart, and 
D. Jenkin's MS.), brother of Gwilym David of Rhiwperra, Esq., m, Ann, dau. of Lewis 
Richard Gwyn, Esq., "of Upper Senghenydd, that is, Morlais Castle." His son, Rhys 
Thomas, m, Elizabeth, dau. of Richard Came, Esq., of Nash. His gr. grandson, Thomas 
Thomas, w. Dorothy, dau. of Sir John Carew, Knt, Sheriflf of Pembr. 1622. 

William Thomas, Esq., of Llanbradach, his son. Sheriff of Glamorgan 1675, had as 
wife a dau. of Thomas Morgan of Machen (the Tredegar house). His son Thomas was 
Sheriflf of Glamorgan in 1705, and his gr. grandson James in 1728, on whose death with- 
out issue the estate of Llanbradach fell to his kinsman (father's brother), William Thomas, 
Esq., of Tredommen. William's line terminated through the failure of issue in his gr. 
grandson, Thomas Thomas, Esq. The present Mrs. Thomas of Llwyn Madoc in Brecon- 
shire is of this family, 

Jenkins of HensoL — This family is principally known through one of its members, " Judge 
Jenkins of Hensol," and the noble house into which it finally merged. Of the line of Einion 
Sais and Bleddyn ap Maenarch, Lord of Brtcor^^ Jenkin ap Richard m. Jennet, dau. of Evan 
ap William Sir Howel ap William ap Hopkin ap Evan ap Leyson, grandson of Morgan, Lord 
of Avan (after whom it is supposed Morgan or Margaw Abbey was called). Jenkin's son 
was David Jenkins^ barrister-at-law, ultimately judge of the Western Circuit of Wales 
under Charles I., — a man of great force of character and some eccentricity, named " Heart 
of Oak " and " Pillar of the Law." Being a staunch royalist, he took an active part against 



OLD AND EXTINCT FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAN. 129 

the Parliament during the civil war; was made prisoner at Hereford 1645 > sent to the Tower; 
refused to kneel at the bar of the House of Commons, and was fined for his contempt ;^i,ooo, 
was impeached for high treason, and when an Act was passed for his trial, he met it with the 
declaration that he would "die with the Bible under one arm and Magna Charta under 
another ! " — a virtuous declaration, but one somewhat inconsistent for an adherent of the 
Stuarts. Being, however, liberated in 1656, on the restoration of Charles H., he returned to 
his estate in Glamorganshire, where he ended his days, and was buried at Cowbridge. He 
m. Cecil, dau. of Sir Thomas Aubrey, Kt, of Llantrithyd, by whom, besides other children, 
he had a son David Jenkins, Esq., of Hensol, Sheriff of Glamorgan 1685, who m. Mary, 
dau. and co-h. of Edward Pritchard, Esq., of Llancayach, and left a son Richard, who d, s. p.^ 
and a dau. Cecil, whose husband was Charles Mathew, Esq., of Castell Menych (Monk's 
Castle). She had one dau , Cecil, who, as heiress of Hensol, brought that property, as well 
as Castell Menych, to her husband, Charles Talbot, 17 17, Solicitor-General to the Prince of 
Wales 1733, Lord High Chancellor of England by the title Baron Hensol of Hensol, co. of 
Glamorgan. (See further Hensol Castle,) 

Thomas of Danygraig, — Members of this family married with Mansels of Briton-Ferry, 
Middletons of Middleton Hall, Carm. ; but they were of short continuation at Danygraig, 
having become extinct early in the i8th century. They traced their lineage, according 10 
** J. H.*s" MS., from Einion ap Collwyn through Owen Philip^ Portreeve of Swansea, 1600, eldest 
son of Philip John ap Rhys of Glyn-Nedd. In the fourth generation from Owen, Walter Thomas 
m. Catherine, dau. of Hopkin David Edward of Danygraig, and had issue William, his 
successor, who ///. Catherine, dau. of Arthur Mansel, Esq., of Briton-Ferry. William had 
several daus. and two sons, Walter and William, both of whom d. s. /., but the younger, the 
survivor, " gave all his estate, except the customary lands in the parish of Oystermouth, to 
his uncle, Bussy Mansel, Esq , of Briton-Ferry, Jiis mother's brother." It seems that William 
Thomas, sen., son-in-law of Arthur Mansel, was, like many of the Mansels, of strong royalist 
sentiments, and " suffered much for his loyalty to King Charles I. He was obliged to sell 
part of his estate at Llandilo-Talybont, which consisted of fee-farms, in order to prevent its 
being sequestered in those troublesome times, and retired to Carmarthen, where he lived 
some years, and then returned to Swansea. He lies buried in the south aisle of the church 
there, and has a handsome large monument [now gone] erected to his memory. — J. H.*' 

The arms borne by Thomas of Danygraig, according to "J. H.'s" MS., were — Sa.^ a 
chevron hetiveen three fteurs de lis arg. If so, the arms of Collwyn ap Tangno, of North Wales, 
must have been adopted by mistake for Einion ap Collwyn^ the real ancestor. 

Thomas of Wenvoe Castle, — A family of Welsh origin, and known by the name Thomas, 
lived on their inheritance at Wenvoe in the latter part of the fifteenth century, when the 
heiress of Thomas ap Thomas m, levan Harpway of Tre Simon, descended from an old 
family in Herefordshire, who thereupon assumed the surname Thomas and dwelt at Wenvoe. 
His son Thomas m. first a Basset, secondly a Came ; and his grandson John Thomas 01 
Wenvoe m. Anne, dau. of Rees Meyrick of Cottrel (the author of Morganice Archceographia). 
A later descendant, Edmund Thomas of Wenvoe Castle, was Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1626; 
his grandson Edmund filled the same office in 1665 ; and fiis gr. grandson, created a baronet 



ijo GLAMORGANSHIKE. 

in 1694, was sheriff in 1700. His title, on his death s. /. in 1703, devolved upon his brother, 
Sir Edmund Thomas, who w. Mary, dau. of the Right Hon. John Howe of Stowell, co. of 
Gloucester. His son. Sir Edmund Thomas, Bart, of Wenvoe Castle, M.P. for Wilts 1759, 
was succeeded in 1767 by his eldest son Edmund, who //. unm. 1789, having previously sold 
the Wenvoe Castle estate to Peter Birt, Esq., while the title descended to his brother. Sir 
John Thomas, who resided in England, whose representative at the present time is Sir George 
Vignoles Thomas, ninth baronet (d. 1856), of the Plas, Chingford, Essex, who bears the 
ancient arms of Thomas of Wenvoe — Sa., a chei>ron and canton ermine. 

Meyrick of CottreL — The name of this family, long extinct, has become familiar to our 
age through Rees Meyrick^ author of a valuable historical work entitled Morganice Archao- 
graphia. It was written a.d. 157S, and first printed a few years ago by the late Sir Thomas 
Phillipps, Bart. Rees Meyrick, or, as he seems to have written it, Mireke^ was of Cottrel, 
near Cardiff, where his ancestor, Meurig ap Hywel, ninth in descent from Cynfyn Fychan, 
of the line of Einion ap Collwyn, was the first to settle. We know little of the successors of 
Rees Meyrick of Cottrel, except that one of them, Morgan Meyrick, probably son of Rees, 
was Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1609. We have seen above that John Thomas, Esq., of 
Wenvoe, in. Anne, a dau. of Rees Meyrick of Cottrel. 

The arms of Meyrick of Cottrel were those of Einion ap Collwyn — Sa.^ a c/unron arg. 
between three flenrsdc lis of the same, 

Prichard of ColUne^ or Collenau. — This family sprung from that of Gibbon of Trecastle 
in Gower, of the sept of Einion ap Collwyn. (See Gibbon of Trecastle.) Evan ap Richard^ 
second son of Richard Gibbon, was the first of this branch line. He m. Gwenllian, heiress 
of William Thomas of CoUene, and settled at that place about the year 1500. For several 
generations the names of the representatives continued to vary from Evan ap Richard 
(Prichard) and Richard ap Evan (Bevan) until about the ninth, when with Evan Prichard^ 
Esq., of Collene, this surname obtained dominance, and continued for three or four gene- 
rations. From this family issued the Prichards of Tylcha, descendants of Thomas Prichard, 
fourth son of Richard Bevan (ap Evan), the sixth of Collene ; and maternally the Bevans of 
Trevarryg in Llantrisant. Trecastle was before called Scurlage Castle. 

All these used the arms of Einion ap Collwyn. (See Meyrick of Cottrel.) 

Powell of Llanharan and Maesteg. — From Einion ap Collwyn through the old family of 
Powells of Llangynwyd, or Llwydiarth, and Coytreh^n (Thomas Powell of Coytrehen was 
Sheriff for Glamorgan 1673), ^^^ descended Rees Powell of Maesteg, son of John Gwyn ap 
Howell, a younger son of Llwydiarth. His third successor at Maesteg, Gervase Powell, Esq., 
m. " Catherine Oliver, heiress of St. John the Baptist Chapel, parish of Llantrisant, commonly 
called ' Capel levan Bedyddiwr.* " His son was Rees Powell, Esq., of Llanharan, who was 
father of Rees Powell^ Esq., of Llanharan, — "one of the most worthy gentlemen ever 
brought up in Glamorgan in learning, piety, and charity to the poor." He d, unmarried 
1738, aged about twenty-five. His brother William, heir of Llanharan, d. also unm, in 1770, 
whereupon his brother, the Rev. Gervase Powell, LL.B., rector of Llanfigan and Merthyr 
Tydfil, succeeded. He m. Elizabeth, dau. of Charles Vaughan, Esq., of Scethrog, Brec, 



CHIEF MEN— THE CROMWELL FAMH.Y. 131 

and had issue three daus., co-heiresses, who all married and divided the estate. Llanharan 
mansion and demesne were afterwards purchased by Richard Hoare Jenkins, Esq. 

The arms of Powell of Llanharan were those of Einion ap Collwyn, — Sa.y a chevron arg. 
between three fleurs-de lis of the same. 

Note. — Chief Men of the Cromwellian Period. 

The cause of the Parhament and nation, as against the despotic tendencies of Charles L, 
found in Glamorgan a number of heroic supporters. For the most part men in the prime of 
life, in some instances only entering upon the stage of mature manhood, earnest, consci- 
entious, energetic, their service to the popular interest was immense, although their number 
was but small. Chief among these men were Bussy Mansel, of Briton Ferry ; Rowland 
Dawkin, of Kilvrough ; John Price, of Gellihir, in Gower; and Col. Philip Jones, of Swansea. 
Except John Price, they all rose to high command in the army; became members of 
Cromweirs parliament; and the last-named, Philip Jones, a man of remarkable ability 
and high integrity, became comptroller of the Lord Protector's household, and was elevated 
in 1658 to the House of Lords. Having purchased the estate of Fonmon Castle, after the 
Restoration he was permitted to retire to his home, where he spent the remainder of his 
days in comparative ease and quiet. (See further, Jones of Fonmon Castle,) Arms : A 
chevron arg, between three spear-heads of the same embrued. 



The Cromwell Family. 

The county of Glamorgan nurtured the Welsh forefathers of Oliver Cromwell. That 
man, whose thought was action, whose measures so materially influenced the fortunes of 
this country, and who on more than one occasion betrayed a leaning in favour of Wales, 
was well aware, when battering the castle of Cardiff, that he was then in the near vicinity of 
the cradle whence his family had sprung. Noble, in his laborious Memoirs of the Protectoral 
House of Cromwell^ has carefully investigated the Welsh descent of the Protector, tracing the 
paternal lineage from son to father in direct line to Morgan Williams of Whitchurch {Eglwys 
Neivydd)^ near Llandaff, descended from the lords of the ancient Comot of C/^a/r (Kibbor), 
of the line of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Prince of Powys. Maternally, he was of the family of 
Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex, whose surname was assumed. An ancestor of Morgan 
Williams, W^illiam Morgan ap John of Whitchurch, was of the privy council of Henry VIL 

A.D. 1495. Morgan Williams of Whitchurch m, ^ dau. of Walter Cromwell of Putney, 

Middlesex, and sister of Lord Thomas Cromwell, " blacksmith or ironmaster's son, the 
Malleus Monachorum^ or, as old Fuller renders it, * Mauler of Monasteries.' " — {Carlyle,) He 
had issue a son, Richard, who adopted his mother's maiden surname, now become celebrated 
in the person of his uncle, the great minister of Henry VHL and friend of Cardinal Wolsey. 
Richard (gr. gr. grandfather of Oliver, Protector) became Sir Richard Cromwell, Kt, " a right- 
hand man of the Mauler of Monasteries," was made one of the Privy Chamber of 
Henry- VHL, 1527, and was given the lordship of iV^^///, with the suppression of the abbey 
of which place he had probably something to do. In two MS. letters in the British Museum, 
addressed ri536) to Lord Cromwell, he expressly signs himself "your most bounden 



132 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

nephew," — which establishes the truth of the pedigree {Cotton MSS,^ Cleop. E. iv., 204). 
Carlyle has shown that this Sir Richard '* has signed himself in various law deeds and 
notarial papers, still extant, * Richard Cromwell, alias Williams;* also that his vSons and 
grandsons continued to sign * Cromwell, alias Williams,* and even that our Oliver himself, in 
his youth, has been known to sign so.'* {Letters^ 6fc,^ of Cromwell^ i., 24.) Sir Richard's son, 
Sir Henry Cromwell, Kt., of Hinchinbrook, Hunts, m. Joan, dau. and h. of Sir Philip Warren, 
and had three sons : — i, Sir Oliver Cromwell, Kt. of the Bath at the coronation of James I., 
1603, who m. Lady Anne, widow of Sir Horatio Palavicini ; 2, Robert ; 3, Henry. The 
second son, Robert, living at Huntingdon, m.^ about 1591, Elizabeth Steward, the young 
widow of William Lynne, Esq., of Bassingbourne, Cambr., and dau. of William Steward, Esq., 
of Ely, said by the genealogists to have "indubitably descended from the royal Stuart 
family of Scotland.** He had ten children, of whom Oliver was the fifth. Of the ten, seven 
survived to manhood, but the only son who so survived was Oliver. The spot where Oliver 
was bom is still familiar to all who know Huntingdon, but the house has been twice rebuilt, 
and has lost every trace whatever of the home of Oliver's youth. Robert Oliver was a 
considerable owner of land around Huntingdon, and his eldest brother. Sir Henry Cromwell, 
lived in the great house of Hinchinbrook close by. The little brook Hinchin ran through 
Robert's lands and courtyard of his house, where it is believed a brewer had once carried on 
his business — a circumstance which was easily converted by his detractors into proof that 
Cromwell's father was himself a " braver '* / As Carlyle remarks, " the splenetic credulity 
and incredulity, the calumnious opacity, the exaggerative ill-nature, and general flunkeyism 
and stupidity of mankind, are ever to be largely allowed for in such circumstances.** Robert 
Cromwell sat once in Parliament in his younger days (1593); is found on various public 
Commissions for draining the fens ; served as magistrate at Quarter Sessions, &c., and was 
generally a man of energy and mark. 

Oliver Cromwell^ his fifth child, student of the law, afterwards a gentleman farmer at St 
Ives, officer in the army, and finally Lord Protector of England, was born 25th April, 1599 ; 
m., Aug., 1620, in London, Elizabeth Bourchier, dau. of Sir James Bourchier, Knt., of 
London, and Felstead, Essex. He was then in his twenty-first year, and had taken up his 
residence with his mother at St. Ives, Hunts. His dwelling was Slepe Hall House : the great 
barn where he treasured his corn, and by and by drilled his soldiers, still stands; but nearly 
all other memorials of him at St. Ives have vanished. Troublous times arose, and Oliver 
was not a man to loiter when he thought duty called. He was therefore soon in the 
active public world — in Parliament, in the field, in the thick of battle. His hfe hence- 
forth is known to all men. He became the foremost man, as well as the " best abused " 
man in all England. 



\ 



ANCIENT MANORS OF GLAMORGAN. 133 

Section VII. -THE MANORS OF GLAMORGAN IN THE SEVENTEENTH 

CENTURY. 

The following succinct description of the ancient manorial demesnes of Glamorgan as 
they stood about 200 years ago is so full of topographical and personal fact and allusion, 
that its insertion here cannot fail to be of interest to the historical and antiquarian reader. 
It is extracted from the valuable MS. of Glamorganshire Pedigrees^ once in the possession of 
Sir Isaac Heard, Kt., Clarencieux King-at-Arms, printed by the late Sir Thomas Phillipps, 
Bart., 1845. The original MS. of which this was a copy certified by Sir Isaac Heard had 
evidently been written at different times, and by different persons, but completed about 177 1, 
its latest and concluding date. Internal evidence clearly suggests that the more recent 
portion of it was the work of a member of the family of Truman, of Pant-y-Llwydd, whose 
pedigree is fully given, with the date 1770 several times repeated. Other parts are about 
a century earlier, doubtless brought together from the productions of different hands by 
the last compiler. Thus, in the pedigree of Mansel of Briton Ferry, Bussy Mansel is 
described as ''^ now of Brytonfery, 1678;" Sir Edward Mansel, Knt. and Bart., as "now of 
Muddlescum, 1678;" "William Herbert, now of Kilybebyll, 1678;" and "Rowland 
Harys, now of Bryn Coch, 1678." 

The age of that portion of the MS. here extracted cannot be determined with like pre- 
cision ; but from fair inference it appears to be generally contemporaneous with the dates 
last mentioned. Thus, manors are given as then " belonging to Sir John Aubrey, Knt., of 
Llantrithyd ; " and we know that Sir John flourished both before and after the end of the 
seventeenth century. " Richard L3xhwr ** is one of three described as persons who " do 
present a minister to the church of Newton Nottage." The last Richard Lougher d. in 
1 701. Then we have "Manors belonging to Sir Edward Mansel, Knt., Bart." Sir Edward 
was sheriff of this co. in 1688; M.P. 1660, 1680, and 1685, &c. ; and entertained at 
Margam the Duke of Beaufort, on his lordly progress through Wales in 1684. Of Avan 
Wallia it is said that it had " two courts and three parishes," and " Mr. Bushi Mansel is 
patron of these three churches." Mr. Bussy Mansel was Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1678. 
These allusions are conclusive of the age of this important document, while its own 
contents make it manifest that the writer was competent from local knowledge and skill in 
grouping relevant information for the task of writing on the subject. It requires similar 
local knowledge to determine how far these manors continue in our time to belong to 
lineal representatives, where existing, of the former possessors. The greater part of the 
manors of the " Earl of Pembroke " are still vested in the Marquis of Bute. 



The Manors of the Earl of Penbrock in the County of Glamorgan. 

The said carl hath the Castle of Cardiflfe (which stands in the manor of Roath) ; the manor of Uys-Talybout ; 
the manor of Leek [Llech] with that of Cayre [^. Caerau ?] ; St. George's— which are free, copyhold, and 
demesne lands. Michelston-super-Ely is of like tenure. The lord is patron of the church there, and of the 
church of St. George's. 

St. Nicholas is divided between the said earl, Martin Button, Esq., and the heir of Cottrel, and the 
patronage of that church belongs to them by turns. Walterston, within the parish of Llancarvan ; Llanvaes, 



134 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

that was sometime two parts, one belonT;ing to the Duke of Bedford, then Lord of Glamorgan, and the other 
part belonging to Malefant, that married the heiress of Fleming, but the Earl of Penbrock hath it entire, and 
is patron of the church there. 

Boverton and Uantwit^ Major was kept by Sir Robert Fitzhamon in his own hand, which he kept in 
husbandry for provision of com towards his house at Cardiffe. It is a spacious lordship, in circuit about four 
miles, having about 900 acres of land in demesne, free, and customary lands, and every tenant upon his death 
or alienation of his customary lands payeth the best beast, and for want of a beast 5s. in the name of a heriott 
\heriot — a fine due in copyhold estates to the lord of the manor, on death of holder]. The Dean of Gloucester 
hath the tithe com there. Basset hath the advowson there. There are four wells of wholesome water in this 
manor, and none of them drieth in summer. They call them Odnants, Odnais, Sig^n Well, and Six Wells. 
They run in one stream into Severn, at Colehugh. Six Wells springeth in ^he south, and runneth northward 
into Severn ; Sigin Well runneth towards the south, thither, and yet there is neither mountain nor hill to urge 
the two springs thus contrary. 

LantwU Rawleigh is in the west part of Lantwit parish, and was purchased by William, the eldest brother 
of Philip, Earl of Penbrock, of Sir Thomas Baglan, Knt. Uanbleithian is a large manor ; it came by marrying 
Quintin's heiress to Seward, Lord of Talyvan, and when the male issue of the Sewards failed, an heiress of the 
last of them married William Par, after Marquis of Northampton; and now the Earl of Penbrock is lord of it. 
Eglwys BrewiSf or a great part of it, belongeth to Evan Saies, Esq. It is a fine little lordship. 

Ruthyn containeth Lanharan, and part of Lanhilid, and part of Saint Mary's Hill. This lordship was 
given by Fitz Hamon to [Madoc] the second son of Justyn, and is large and spacious ; the forest of Garth 
Maylwg is in it, but the wood thereof was sold to the Iron Men [the miners of Merthyr]. 

Neiuton NoUage con\s\xi% 1,200 acres of land, and is divided between the Earl of Penbrock and Richard 
Lychwr [Lougher], Esq., and the heir of Sir William Herbert, Knt. It was given by William, Earl of Gloster 
(then Lord of Glamorgan), unto one Sir Richard Cardiffe, who had one only daughter, that married one Sir 
Thomas Sanford, Knt., and had issue Sir Richard Sanford, Knt., Lord of Newton ; but how the Sanfords 
w^ent from the same I could not find as yet. There are three wells in this lordship, which flow and ebb twice 
in twenty-four hours, and at every time contrary to the sea, whereupon Sir John Stradling, Knt., Baronet, 
moralized. 

The borough of Kynfigge \ICcnfig\ Sir Robert Fitz Hamon kept in his own hands, and buildcd a castle 
there, and used the same as one of his dwelling-houses. Howbeit, in a short time both the town and castle 
were drowned by the sand of the sea, and there remaineth but out cottages, bearing the name of the borough 
of Kynfigge, which hath the whole liberties yet remaining, as the said town formerly had ; saving that the 
weekly markets and annual faires are lost. The King's Majesty is patron of the church there. Kynfigg river 
springeth in Ceven Cribwr, and runneth to Pile, and so under Kynfygge Castle to the sea of Severn. 

The borough of Avan^ together with the lordship of Avan Walia^ was given by Fitz Hamon to Cradock 
ap Justyn, which, after many ages, fell to a daughter that married one of the Blunts, that exchanged the same 
with the Lord of Glamorgan for lands in England. 

Neath Bu^gus^ with the castle, was given in the division by Sir Robert Fitz Hamon to Sir Richard 
Greenfield, Knt. [see De Granville], whose heir founded an abbey, and gave the lands there towards the main- 
tenance thereof, and went to an estate that they had in Devonshire, near Bedeford, to dwell. The lord is 
patron of the church there, and the valuation is 5. {Sic MS.) There is in the lordship of Neath four Courts 
Baron, viz. : Neath Manerium, Neath Citra, Neath Ultra, and Kil-y-Bebyll. Avan Walia hath two courts 
and three parishes, viz. : Avan Burgus, Baglan, and Michelston-super-Avan (otherwise called Ynys Avan). 
Mr. Bushi Mansel is patron of those three churches. 

The borough of Ccnobridge was kept by Robert Fitz Hamon in his own hands, and the bailiffs thereof do 
still yield their yearly accompts at the Earl of Penbrock*s audits, for the profits and perquisitts of their court 
there. Mr. Basset is patron of the church. The fishing of Taff, Rumney, Ely, Ogmor, Avan, and Neath, do 
belong to the Earl of Penbrock. The Wardsilver, paid by the several Gentlemen of Ward that held their 
manors in knight service of the said earl, as under the Castle of Cardiffe, amounts to £,1 9s. ob. 

Saint Hmydd Subttis [Ix>wer Senghenydd], wherein the Red Castle is, once the chief house of Ivor Pettite, 
Lord of Saint Henydd. Also Carffili Castle and Gurles [Morlais] Castle, in Upper Saint Henydd, belongs to 
the said earl, and the patronage of Celligar and Merthyr Churches. 

The castle and borough of Lantrissent^ with the lordships of Clun, Pentyrch, and Trewem, was given to 
Einion ap Collwyn ; but Sir Robert Fitz Hamon kept Glynrondde in his own hands. There are in the lord- 
ships of Miskin and Glynrondde seven parish churches, viz. : Lantrissent, Lantwit Vairdre, Ystradtvodwg, 
Lanwnno, AberdAr, Pentyrch, and Radyr. The Dean of Gloster and his lessees hatli the tithe sheaf there. 
Basset is patron of the vicarage of Lantrissent. 

The lordship of Glynrondde butteth upon the south part of Brecknockshire, and hath in it a good and 
large common of pasture given by Justyn's father to the tenants, and still called, after his name, Hir IVayn 
Wrgaii. Both Ronddes spring in that lordship. 

Tir larll was kept by Fitz Hamon in his own hands, and hath two parish churches, viz. : Langynwyd 
and Bettws ; and hath in it two tenures, freehold and lease, or patent lands. A'c?/^.— That William and Philip, 



ANCIENT MANORS OF GLAMORGAN. 



MS 



Earls of Penbrock, were the greatest lords that had lands in Glamorgan either before or after Just3m*s time. 
[See Pembroke^ Earls of; Bute, Marquess o/.] 

Tke Manors belonging to the Right Hon. H. Marquis of Worcester. 

The castle and borough of Swansey, the castles of Ostermouth and Caslychwr ; Kilvai, Sub-boscos, and 
Super-boscos ; Penarth, Hamon, Kittle, and Trewyddva ; Penmanor, part thereof ; Ilston ; Michelston-le-Pit, 
Wrinston, West Orchard, and Lancarvan, four small lordships. West Orchard hath no court but at Michaelmas. 
The lord is patron of the church of Michelston-le-Pit. 

Manors belonging to Sir Edward Mansely Knt., Baronet. 

Margam, Havod y Porth, Laleston, Pile, Horgro, Aber Kynfigg, Langewyd, holden in chief of the king, 
Porth Inon, Nicholaston, Scurla (or Horton), and Penrees. These four lordships in Gower contain three 
parishes, and the lord is patron of the three churches of Pile and Kynfigg, being both but one vicarage. 

Manors of the Earl of Lester [Leicester]. 

The several lordships of Co3rty Anglia, Coyty Walia, Newcastell, Court Colman, Lan Hary, and Newland, 
wherein are demesne lands, customary, free, and copyhold. The lord is patron of Coyty Church, Coe-Church, 
Saint Bride's Minor, and Lanhary. Jo. Gamadge, Esq., bought Court Colman of Thomas Lyson, Doctor of 
Physick. 

Manors thai do or did belong to St. John, Earl of Bullingbrock \Bolingbroke\. 

The castle of Penmark, with the lordship, came to the Saint Johns by marrying an heiress to one of the 
Humphrevills ; it hath free and copyhold lands. The castle and lordship of Fonmun butteth upon the river 
Thawe : it hath copy and free lands ; both manors are in the parish of Penmark, and the Dean had once the 
tythe sheaf and the presentation of a vicar to the church. 

The manor of Lancadle butteth upon the eastern part of the river Thawe, within the parish of Lancarvan. 
It hath free and copyhold lands. It is (or was) holden in soccage under the Earl of Penbrock, as they of his 
manor at Saint Nicholas. Cum Kidi joineth with the manor of Penmark, and is within the said parish, and 
hath free and copyhold lands. It hath been part of Humphreviirs lands. [See De Humfreville.'] 

For the manor of Barry I find no record to whom it was given in the division. Camden saith that it had 
that name from one Barricus, a holy man, bom and bred there. It hath in it the like tenures and two parish 
churches, viz. : Barry and Port Kery ; the lord is patron of both. 

Manors once beloftging to Carn [of Ewenny]. 

Wenny, sometime a priory, purchased (after the suppression) by Sir Edward Cam, Knt. It is holden in 
Capite. The lord is patron of the church of Wenny. Saint Mary, by Cowbridge, and Landoch are two 
manors holden under the Castle of Cardiffe by knight service. Colwynston manor stands upon the river Alem. 
It was sometime the Stradling's land. It owes knight service to Ogmor Castle : also part of Saint Bride's 
Major the like tenure. 

Manors belonging once to Sir John Stradling, Knt., Baronet. 

Saint Donates was given in the division to Sir William le Esterling, Knt. : the lord is patron of the church 
there. Monke Ash (or Nash Major) was the Greenfields' [Grenvilles'], and given by them to the Abbey of 
Neath, and after the suppression purchased from Sir Richard Cro[m]well, Knt., by Sir Thomas Stradling, of 
Saint Donat's, Knt 

Lanphe came to the Stradlings by the marriage of Sir Edward Stradling, Knt., with the heiress of Berk- 
roUes. Lanphe is holden by knight service under the Dutchie of Lancaster, and Merthyr Mawr by knight 
service under Lanbleithan. He had also a fourth part of Penlline, under Cardiffe Castle. 

Merthyr Mawr was once the land of the Sewards, and came to Berkrolls by marrying an heiress of 
Seward ; and from BarkroUs to Stradling, by the above-said marriage. Thomas [?], Lord Bishop of Landafie, 
is patron of the church there. Uanmaes, in Saint Fagan's, situate on both sides of Ely, being antient lands 
belonging to the Stradlings. 

Stdly, given in the division to Sir Re3mold Sully, Knt., whose great-granddaughter being an heiress, 
married Sir Lyson de Avan, and conveyed the said lordship to that name [see De Suliy\ Again, a daughter 
and heiress to Sir Thomas de Avan, Lord of Sully, married one Blunt, an Englbh Knt., who exchanged her 
lands in Wales with the then Lord of Glamoi^an for lands in England. It fell by escheat to the Crown, and 
was purchased from Queen Mary by Sir Thomas Stradling, Knt., (holden) de Rege. 



136 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

East Orchard was given in the division to Sir Roger Barkrolls, Knt., where stood his chief dwelling- 
house [see De Berkrolle5\. It is situate upon the river Thawe, and came to the Stradlings by the aforesaid 
marriage. It is holden under Cardiffe Castle. 

Castldon and West Orchard are both in the parish of Saint Athan, and holden by knight service under the 
castle of Cardiffe. The lord is patron of the church there. GiUston is holden by Mr. Giles from Sir John 
Stradling, Knt., by lease for i,ooo years at £2 per annum. Knight service under Castleton. The lessee is 
patron of the church there during the time. 

Manors that belonged to Sir William Herbert, Knt.y and after his deaths sans issue, divided betiveen Sir William 
Dorington, Knt., Mr, Herbert of Cogan Pill, and William Herbert of Swan sey, Esq. 

Roath Tewkesbury (so called after the Lord of Glamorgan had given it to the abbey of Tewkesbury), after 
the suppression of the abbeys was purchased by Sir George Herbert, Knt., the grandfather of Sir William 
Herbert, Knt. ; and therein Sir William builded the fair house, called the Fryers, by Cardiffe : holden 
de Rege. 

Landoch came to Sir William Herbert from his great-grandmother, daughter and heiress to Sir Matthew 
Cradock, Knt, which, after the death of Richard Herbert, Esq., married Sir William Bawdrip, Knt. In this 
lordship was the chief dwelling-house of Sir Matthew Cradock, Knt. [see Llandough Castle\. The lord is 
patron of the church there. It is holden under the castle of Cardiffe. He had also part of St. Andrews and 
Denys Powis of the King. 

Cantlostown, once the Cantelupes Land, and it came first to Sir William Horton, Knt., by marrying the 
daughter and heiress of Thomas Cantlo, Esq., and from his granddaughter, Jonet, daughter and heiress to 
his son, Jenkin Horton, to Sir Matthew Cradock, her son and heir by Richard Cradock, Esq., to whom she 
married ; and from the heiress of Sir Matthew Cradock, to her son and heir. Sir George Herbert, Knt. It 
is within the parish of Merthyr Mawr, and is holden under the castle of Lanbleithian. Comely was some- 
time the Lovells' Lands, after, the Cradocks', and now the Herberts', holden in Soccage under Kynfigg Castle. 

A third part of Newton A^<?//a^^ belonged to Sir William Herbert. The three lords, viz., the Earl of 
Penbrock, the heir of Sir William Herbert, and Richard Lychwr [Lougher], Esq., do present a minister to 
the church by turns. Also at Swansey Sir William had a fair dwelling-house and much land thereunto 
belonging, and the tithe sheafe of Cadoxton by Neath. He had also a part of Penmaen, and a third part of 
Langenith, in Lower Gower. 

Manors belonging to Sir John Awbrey, of Lantrithyd, Knt. 

The lordship of Talyvan, which was sometime the Sewards', purchased by John Thomas Basset, Esq., 
of King Edward the Sixth, where are free, customary, lease, and copyhold lands. Welsh Saint Donat's is 
the parish church. A great part of Saint Mary Hill, and the manor of Lan Madock, in Lower Gower, belong 
to the Knt. 

Lands of Edward Van, of Marcross, Esq, 

Edward Van, Esq., had a moiety of Marcross, and a fair house at Lantwit, and much good land there- 
unto belonging, (held) under the Castle of Cardiffe. 

Manors belonging to Sir Edward Leiins, sen., Knt., of Van. 

Van, where [are] his chief dwelling-house and goodly demesne thereunto belonging. The manor of St. 
Fagan's, wherein is a fair house, builded by Dr. Gibbon, with much demesne lands and rent belonging there- 
unto. The manor of Adensfield, Penmark, and Splot, part of the lordship of Peterston super Ely. The 
manor of Cam-Ldwyd, The manor of Poath Kensam [Keynsham] being part of Roath^ given by the Lord of 
Glamorgan to the abbey of Kensam, and after the suppression purchased by Edward Lewis, Esq., father to 
Thomas Lewis. 

The manor of C&mton, situate in Ogmor Lands in the duchy of Lancaster, and is holden in knight service 
under the castle of Ogmor. Sir Edward Lewis, Knt, had also the manor-house of Padyr, and the park and 
demesne lands thereunto belonging. 

Sir Francis Popham, Knt., had the manor of Cadoxton, wherein are three tenures, viz., demesne, free, 
and copyhold lands. There are two churches in it, whereof the lord is patron. 

Manors of Sir Pichard Basset of Bewper. 

Sir Richard Basset, Knt., had the manor of St, Hilary^ wherein standeth Bewper, his chief dwellisg- 
house, and very goodly and faire demesnes thereunto belonging. He had also one moiety of Marcross^ and 
goodly demesne lands there. He had also Viswere, wherein standeth a Dedre house, and goodly demesne lands 
thereunto belonging. 



THE ANCIENT DIVISIONS OF GLAMORGAN. 137 



The Ancient Divisions of Glamorgan, 

The boundaries and divisions of Glamorgan and Monmouthshire before the Norman 
conquest are not clearly ascertainable. But there seems to be no reason for doubting that 
from the end of the Roman period (fifth century), when the Severn washed the western side 
of Britannia Prima^ and the consolidation of the Saxon states under Egbert (ninth century), 
when the Wye rather than the Severn was the western boundary of the Anglo-Saxon dominion, 
the country between the Severn and the Wye had belonged more to Wales than to England, 
and had a population almost entirely British. Here Elystan Glodrudd is said to have 
ruled a territory known by the various names, Ffer}'llwg, Ferleg, Ferlex. From the Wye 
westward, however, the country was always considered as belonging purely and simply to the 
Welsh, as it has continued to this day part of Wales. Monmouth and Glamorgan —the 
former popularly considered, and in some enactments named as in England — were before 
the Norman age and formation of the Lordship Marcher of Glamorgan generally associated 
together under the title of Gwent and Morganwg, and doubtless (along with surrounding 
districts) inhabited by a clan or division of the Britons which recognised a bond of common 
origin or interest — the Silures, although the land was partitioned under two or more rulers. 

This region maintained, also, a kind of separateness from South Wales. It was not a 
portion at any time (except when force prevailed) of the wider country known as the " south 
part" of Wales, or Dehcubarth; it was not included in either of the three provinces or 
kingdoms into which Rhodri the Great (ninth century), King of Wales, divided his dominions 
between his sons. Howel Dda, King of South Wales, was considered an interloper when 
attempting to obtain rule in Glamorgan, and was checked by Edgar, the English king. 

But not even the conquest of this region by the Normans, and their long and powerful 
rule over it, in the slightest degree obliterated the public sense that the country of Morgan 
and the Gwenta of the Silures still belonged to and formed an essential part of Wales. The 
ancient British division into cantrefs and comots, made perhaps in the time of Howel Dda, 
or possibly first originated and fully systematized by Prince Llewelyn ap Gruffydd (thirteenth 
century) — they were certainly formally defined and established by that prince — extended to 
Glamorgan and Gwent as well as to any other part of Wales, and remain more or less in 
force to this day; — ex, gr,, Cardiff is in the hundred of Cibwr (now spelt "Kibbor"), and 
Llantrisant in that of Miskin, the chief difference being that the ancient comots are now 
termed hundreds y and the ancient cantrefs fallen into abeyance. And it is to be noticed that 
the old British topography placed Gwent and Morganwg (Monmouth and Glamorgan) under 
one system of six cantrefs^ including twenty-four comots^ a division from the influence. of which 
it is not yet altogether practicable to relieve the popular mind. A part of the co. of 
Monmouth especially— that lying between the Usk and the Taff, forming the cantref of 
Gwaunllwg, or Gwentllwg — is often popularly considered as in Glamorgan, and it requires 
an effort of the memory respecting the actual county boundary to dispel the illusion. The 
old British division of Glamorgan proper (which excluded Gower [Gwyr], classing it with Car 
marthen as a part of Deheubarth, but included a part of Monmouthshire) was into six 
cantrefs and twenty-four comots, as before stated. 



138 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Cantrefs, 



Gro Nedd, or Gorfynydd . [This cantref, which formed 
the extreme western part of Glamorgan, had its 
western limit on the river Neath {NiJd), though 
some say it extended to the Tawe.] 



Comots. 

Rh^RTig N^d ac Afan [" between Nedd and A van"]. 

Tir yr Hwndrwd [" the hundred land "]. 

Tir larll ["the Earl's land." Its centre was Coity. 

It included the site of Bridgend, and part of 

Bettws]. 
Glyn Og^vr [**the Vale of Ogwr," now Ogmorc. 

To the interior from Coity to the hills — parishes 

of Llangeinor and Llandyfodwg]. 



Penychen, also called Pen y Xen. 






j Tal>'fan [see manor of Talyfan^ in ** Manors of Gla- 
morgan "]. 

Miskin [included Llantrisant, &c.]. 

Rhuthyn [the territory given by Fitzhamon to Madoc, 
son of lestyn. Its etymology implies a red soil — 
W., rhuddy red. Included Llanharan, &c.]. 

Glyn Rhoddni [*' Vale of Rhondda," parish of Vstrad- 
yfodwg, &c.]. 



Cantref Breiniawl ["the Royal Hundred," so termed 
because it included the lord's castle of Cardiff, 
and primarily the seat of British rule]. 



Cibwr [now "Kibbor." Cardiff, Roath, Whitchurch, 
IJanishen, Llysfaen, Llanedem. The district 
between Lower Rhymney and TafF]. 

Senghenydd [Caerphilly, Castell Coch, &c.]. 

Uwch Cayach ["Upper Cayach "— Mcrthyr Tydfil, 
Aberdare, Llanwonno, &c.]. 

Is Cayach [** Lower Cayach'' — Gelligaer, Llanfabon, 
Eglwys-ilan]. 



Gwaunllwg [otherwise "Gwentllwg." This cantref / \-^ Haidd. 

is now included in Monmouthshire. It comprises y Dref Berfcdd, or Canol [" the central part "]. 
the marshy and level parts between Cardiff and \ Edelygion Eithaf [some divide this into two comots]. 
Ne^-port, and generally the lower lands l)etween ^ Mynydd ["the Mountain "]. 
the lower Rhymney and Usk]. V 



Other cantrefs, named " Gwent Uwch Coed " and " Is Coed," containing eight or nine 
comots, were situated in the remaining part of Monmouthshire, and, together with the above, 
constituted " Gwent and Morganwg." (See in Myvyr, Arch, of WaleSy vol. ii. : " Parthau 
Cymru^) 

It is notable that these cantrefs by no means include the whole of modem Glamorgan. 
Apparently all the undulating district usually called "the Vale of Glamorgan," by the 
Welsh Bro Morganwg^ is omitted ; and the parts embraced appear to correspond with 
the region called " Morgannok," as distinguished from "Glamorgan" (see p. 45), — in 
other words, the northern and hilly parts of the county. Whether this indicates that the 
Welsh princes in settling the geographical divisions of Wales in the thirteenth century refrained 
from intermeddling with the Vale of Glamorgan as being in too exclusive a sense the domain 
of the Norman lords and their mesne fief-holders, is worth inquiring into. The fact itself is 
remarkable, but seems to have strangely escaped the notice of antiquarians. Almost all the 
Barones minares we have noticed, as well as the Lord Paramount of Glamorgan himself, had 
their manors in the parts not included in the cantrefs of the Welsh partition, while these cantrefs 
correspond with some considerable exactitude with the lands said by tradition and the Bruts 
to have been granted by Fitzhamon to the sons of lestyn, to Einion ap Collwyn, to Robert 
ap Seissyllt, and other Welshmen. These included Senghenydd, Miskin, Avan, Aberavan, 



SHERIFFS AND UNDER-SHERIFFS OF GLAMORGAN. 139 

the district between N^dd and Tawe, Maes Essyllt, &c. ; in fact, the hilly as distinguished 
from the champaign country. In the latter some thirty parishes, forming the modem 
"hundreds" of Dinas Povvys, Cowbridge, and Ogmore, are not perceptibly included in the 
comots enumerated in the survey of Prince Llewelyn. Did that prince confine his survey to 
lands held by Welshmen only ? Is this another indication of that proud and contemptuous 
temper which, when England was lost, would see in the word " Britain " nothing but Wales, 
and in the word " Britons " nothing but the Cymry — thus endeavouring, by ignoring, to 
annihilate misfortune ? This were indeed after a new mode — 

" To take arms against a sea of troubles, 
And by opposing end them ; " 

but if excusable in any, such hallucination might be excusable in Prince Llewel)m, the man 
who, beyond most heroic men, not even excepting Alfred, had battled long and bravely with 
"outrageous fortune,** not generally, although finally, without the success his genius and 
marvellous self-devotion merited. 



Section VIII.— SHERIFFS AND UNDER-SHERIFFS OF GLAMORGAN, 

A.D. 1541 — 1872. 

Sheriffs, in the modem sense of the term, were first appointed for Glamorgan by 27 th 
Henry VIII. (a.d. 1536), which constituted that Lordship Marcher, with Gower, a County, and 
formally united this part as well as Monmouthshire and all the remainder of Wales with 
England. Up to this time the office of sheriff had vested in the lord of the lordship, who, 
by the nature of his tenure, governed in the absence of the king's writ, administering justice 
in his own court, and even enacting laws, under certain limitations, on his own responsi- 
bility ; although upon this point it is necessary to keep in mind the important fact that the 
Norman conquest of Glamorgan, like the Norman conquest of England, allowed the laws 
and customs of the conquered in great part to remain in force. Such new enactments and 
modes of administration as were necessary for the planting of the feudal system among 
the people the Normans did their best to harmonize with the native laws, but, where perfect 
accord was impossible, supplied the lack on the rough and ready principle of, sic vo/Oy &c. 

The fitst Sheriff named for Glamorgan is Sir George Herbert, Knt , of Swansea, a.d. 1541. 
The following tabular arrangement is deemed to be as far as possible correct, and is taken, 
with slight alteration, from that published by Rev. H. H. Knight (1850), which up to the 
year 1792 was from the MS. of Evan Simmons, of Nottage, thence to 1850 from a MS. of 
Howel Gwyn, Esq. It has been completed from further additions by the last-named 
gentleman, and collated with a copy of a MS. by Thomas Morgan, of Cardiff. 

It will be observed that the under-sheriffs in the early times were men of about the same 
standing as the sheriffs, and very often members of their family. 



140 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



HIGH SHERIFFS. 



yNDER-SHERIFFS. 



A.D. 



HENRY VIII. 



1 Sir George Herbert, of Swansea . 

2 Sir Rice Mansel, Knt., of Margam 

3 Sir Edward Came, Knt, of Ewennj 

4 William Bassett, Esq., of Beaupre 

5 Sir George Mathew, of Radir 

6 John Thomas Bassett, Esq., of Llantrithyd 



Jenkin Franklin, Gent 1541 

William Bassett, Gent., of Beaupre . . 1542 

James Button, of Woriton .... 1543 

John Turbervill, of Uanblethian . . . 1544 

Thomas Lewis 1545 / 

William Meyrick 1546 



EDWARD VI. 



7 Miles Mathew, Esq., of LlandafT . 

8 Sir Thomas Stradling, Knt., of St. Donat's 

9 Edward Lewis, Esq., of Vann 

10 Christopher Turbervill, Esq., of Penlline 

11 James Thomas, Esq., of Llanfihangel . 

12 William Herbert, Esq., of Cogan Pill . 



13 Sir George Herbert, Knt., of Swansea . 



. William Jones, Gent. . 
. Robert Stradling, his brother 
. John Smith, of Cardiff 
. Thomas Powell, of Llangynwyd 
. James Thomas, his son 
Henry Lewis, of Cardiff 

MARY. 

. David John Vaughan . 



1547 
1548 

1549 
1550 

1551 
1552 



1553 



PHILIP AND MARY. 



14 Sir Rice Mansel, Knt., of Margam 

15 Sir Edward Came, Knt., of Ewenny 

16 Edward Lewis, Esq., of Vann 

17 James Button, Esq., of Woriton . 

18 W^illiam Bassett, Esq., of Beaupre 



Thomas Powell, of Llangynwyd 
Miles Button, Esq. 
Thomas Griffith . 
Miles Button, Esq. . 



Jenkin Williams, of Cowbridge 



1554 

«555 
1556 

'557 
1558 



ELIZABETH. 



19 Sir Richard Walwyn, Knt., of Llantrithyd 

20 Edward Lewis, Esq., of Vann 

21 John Came and Thomas Lewis, Esqs., of Vann 

22 Thomas Came, Esq., of Ewenny . 

23 David Evans, Esq., of Neath 

24 Sir William Herbert, Knt., of Swansea 

25 Miles Button, Esq., of Woriton . 

26 William Jenkins, E.sq., of Tythegston 

27 William Herbert, Esq., of Cogan Pill 

28 William Mathew, Esq., of Radir . 

29 Christopher Turbervill, Esq., of Penlline 

30 Thomas Lewis, Esq., of Vann 

31 Miles Button, Esq , of Woriton . 

32 Thomas Came, Esq., of Ewenny . 

33 Richard Gwynn, Esq., of Llansannor 

34 Sir Ekiward Stradling, Knt., of St. Donat's 

35 Edward Kemeys, Esq., of Keven-mably 

36 Sir Edward Mansel, Knt., of Mar^m . 

37 Nicholas Herbert, Esq., of Cardiff 

38 Sir William Herbert, Knt., of Swansea 

39 John Thomas, Esq. , of Llanfihangel 

40 William Mathew, Esq., of Radir 

41 Thomas Came, Esq., of Ewenny . 

42 Sir William Herbert, Knt., of Swansea 

43 Sir Edward Stradling, Knt., of St. Donat's 

44 George Herbert, Esq., of Nash . 

45 Edward Kemeys, Esq., of Keven-mably 

46 Nicholas Herbert, Esq., of Cardiff 

47 Thomas Lewis, Esq., of Vann 
4J8 John Came, Esq., of Ewenny 



John Unett 

John Smith . ' . 

Thomas Griffith .... 
John Kemeys, Kefn-mably . 
Richard Thomas .... 
William Herbert, Cardiff . 
Robert Button .... 
Edward Holland 

John Smith 

Walter Williams 

Henry Matthew .... 

Roger Seys, Gent. 

David Robert, of Cardiff 

John Smith 

Jenkin Williams .... 
Leyson Lewis .... 
Walter Williams, of Gelligaer 
Thomas Powell .... 
Reynold David . . . 
William Herbert, of Cardiff 
Lewis Griffith .... 
Henry Mathew, his brother . 
William David .... 
Lewis Griffith .... 
Lambrook Stradling, of Cardiff . 
Rees Lewis .... 

John Andrew .... 
John Gamage .... 
Gabriel Lewis, Esq., of Llanishen 
George Kemeys, LJanblethian 



1559 
1560 

1 561 
1562 

'563 
1564 

'565 
1566 

1567 

1568 

1569 

1570 

1571 

1572 

1573 

1574 

1575 
1576 

1577 
1578 

1579 
1580 

1581 

1582 

1583 
1584 

1585 
1586 

1587 
1588 



SHERIFFS AND UNDER-SHERIFFS OF GLAMORGAN. 



141 



49 Miles Button, Esq., Worlton 

50 Henry Mathew, Esq., of Radir . 

51 Anthony Mansel, Esq., of Llantrithyd . 

52 Sir William Herbert, Knt, of Swansea 

53 Edmund Mathew, Esq., of Radir. 

54 Sir Thomas Mansel, Knt., of Margam . 

55 Edward Kemeys, Esq., of Keven-mably 

56 Sir Edward Stradling, Knt., of St. Donat's 

57 Richard Bassett, Esq., of Beaupre 

58 John Gwyn, Esq. (died) ; Rowland Morgan, Esq. 

59 Thomas Lewis, Esq., of Ruperra [Rhiw-peri] 

60 Edward Prichard, Esq., of Llancayach 

61 John Came, Esq., of Ewenny 

62 Edward Lewis, Esq., of Vann 



Edward Button, his son 
Morgan Gibbon, 6f St. Fagan's 
Thomas Pranch . 
Lewis Griffith, of Cilybebill 
Marmaduke Mathew . 
Anthony Powell . 
William St. John 
John Stradling, Gent. . 
Thomas Bassett, his son 
William Powell . 
Thomas Lewis Reynold 
William Williams 
Hopkin Evans, Gent. . 
Gabriel Lewis, Esq. . 



JAMES L 



63 Thomas Aubrey, Esq., of Llantrithyd . 

64 Sir Thomas Mansel, Bart., of Margam 

65 Edward Kemeys, Esq., of Keven-mably 

66 Sir William Herbert, Knt., of Swansea 

67 Sir Rowland Morgan, Knt., of LlandafT 

68 John Stradling, Esq., of St. Donat's • 

69 Richard Bassett, Esq. , of Beaupre 

70 Morgan Meyrick, Esq., of Cottrel 

71 George Lewis, Esq., of Llystalybont . 

72 Lewis Thomas ap Wifiiam, Esq., of Bettws 

73 Sir Edward Lewis, Km,, of Vann 

74 Thomas Mathew, Esq., of Castlemenych 

75 Gabriel Lewis, Esq., ofLlanishen 

76 Christopher Turbjrvill, ESq., of Penlline 

77 David Kemejrs, Elsq., of Keven-mably . 

78 William Mathew, Esq. y of Aberaman . 

79 Edward Van, Esq., of Marcross . 

80 Sir John Stradling, Knt. and Bart., St. Donat's 

81 John Came, Esq., of Ewenny 

82 William Bassett, Esq., of Beaupre 

83 Sir Thomas Mansel, Knt. and Bart., of Margam 

84 Lewis Thomas ap William, Esq., of Bettws 



Thomas Bassett, Gent. 
Anthony Powell, Gent. 
Morgan Cradock, Gent. 
Hopkin David Edward 
Philip Williams .... 
William Stradling 
Thomas Bassett, his son 
W. Meyrick, his brother 
David Lloyd, of Cardiff 
Philip William Eglwysilan . 
William Robert, of St. Andrew's 
Miles Mathew, his brother . 
Evan Thomas ap Evan 
Rees Knapp .... 
Henry Penry, Gent. . 
Robert Mathew, his brother 

Owen Price, Gent 

George Williams 

William Roberts 

Jenkin Cradock, Gent., of Llancarvan 

John Rowe, of Gower . 

John Powell .... 



CHARLES I. 



85 Anthony Gw3mn, Esq. , of Lansannor . 

86 William Bawdrip, Esq., of Splott 

87 Edmiind Thomas, Esq., of Wenvoe 

88 Henry Mansel, Esq., of Gower . 

89 Sir Thomas Lewis, Knt., of Penmark . 

90 Thomas Lewis, Esq., of Llanishen 

91 Sir Anthony Maasel, Knt., of Briton-ferry . 

92 David Evans, Esq., of Neath 

93 Edward Thomas, Esq., of Llanfihangel 

94 John Aubrey, Esq., of Llantrithyd 

95 Watkin Lougher, Esq., of Tythegston . 

96 Sir Le^ds Mansel, Knt. and Bart., of Margam 

97 Edward Prichard, Esq., of Llanca3rach 

98 Nicholas Kemeys, Esq., of Keven-mably 

99 John Came, Esq., of Ewenny 
100 Robert Button, Esq., of Duffryn . 
loi William Bassett, Esq., of Miskin. 

102 Richard Bassett, Elsq., of Fish wear 

103 Sir Charles Kemeys, of Keven-mably, and . 
William Thomas, Esq. , of Swansea, for 2 years 



Rees Howard, of Llantrithyd 
Owen Price, succ. by William Price 
James Thomas, his brother . 
Watkin Lougher, of Nottage 
Jenkin Cradock, Llancarvan 
Lewis Thomas Richard 
Lewis Thomas, Gent. . 
George Williams. 
Morgan Griffith . 
Henry Penry, ditto 
Lewis Thomas Griffith 
Jenkin Cradock, of Llancarvan 
Thomas Powell . 
Morgan Howard. 
Morgan Griffith . 
Henry Penry, of Llantrithyd 
Richard Bevan 
Robert WiUiam, of St. Hilary 

Morgan Howard 



A.D. 

1589 
1590 
1 591 
1592 

1593 

1594 

1595 
1596 

1597 
1598 

1599 
1600 

1601 

1602 



1603 
1604 
1605 
1606 
1607 
1608 
1609 
r6io 
161 1 
1612 
1613 
1614 
1615 
1616 
1617 
i6i3 
1619 
1620 
162 1 
1623 
1623 
1624 



1625 
1626 
1627 
1628 
1629 
1630 
1631 
1632 

»633 
'634 

163s 
1636 

1637 
1638 

1639 
1640 
1641 
1642 

1643 
'644 



142 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



104 Edward Came, Esq., ofEwenny, and J 
Bussey Mansel, Esq., of Briton-ferry, pricked > 

by Parliament ) 

105 Richard Jones, Esq. , of Michaelston . 

106 John Price, Esq., of Gellihir . . . . 

107 Walter Thomas, Esq., of Swansea 



Richard ap Evan 



Evan Prichard, of Diwedid . 
William Morgan, of Neath . 
William Williams 



A.D. 
164S 

1646 
1647 
1648 



COMMONWEALTH AND PROTECTORATE. 



108 John Herbert, Esq., of Roath 

109 George Bowen, Esq., of Kittle Hill 

110 Rees Powell, Esq., of Coytreh6n 

111 Edward Stradling, Esq., of Roath 

112 William Bassett, Esq., of Miskin. 



John Griffith 1649 

John Bowen, his son ..... 1650 

Robert Thomas 1651 

Lewis William 1652 

Richard ap Evan 1653 



OLIVER CROMWELL, LORD PROTECTOR. 



113 Humphrey Wyndham, Esq., of Dunraven 

114 Richard Lougher, Esq., of Tythegston 
115' William Herbert, Esq., of Swansea 

116 Stephen Edwards, Esq., of Stembridgc 

117 Richard Da vies, Esq., of Penmaen 



Humphrey Wyndham, his son 
Watkin Jones, Gent., of Monkton 
Thomas David, Gent. . 
George Thomas .... 
Leyson Davies, his brother . 



RICHARD CROMWELL, PROTECTOR. 
118 Richard Davies, Esq., the same .... John Morgan 



CHARLES IL 



119 Herbert Evans, Esq., of Eaglesbush 

120 Gabriel Lewis, Esq., of Llanishen 

121 Edmund Gamage, Esq., of Newcastle 

122 John Gronow de Bed was, Esq. 

123 Edmund Thomas, Esq., of Wenvoe 

124 Martin Button, Esq., of D3rffryn . 

125 Edward Mathew, Esq., of Aberaman 

126 Thomas Mathew, Esq., of Castle-menych 

127 Thomas Button, Elsq., of Cottrel 

128 Philip HT)by, Esq., of Neath Abbey 

129 Edmund Thomas, Esq., of Orchard 

130 Philip Jones, Esq., of Fonmon Castle 

131 Thomas Powell, Esq., of Co)rtreh^n 

132 Thomas Lewis, Esq., of Penmark 

133 William Thomas, Esq., of Llanbradach 

134 Richard Seys, Esq., of Rhyddings 

135 Miles Mathew, Esq., of Llancayach 

136 Bussey Mansel, Esq., of Briton-ferry 

137 Thomas Gibbon, Esq., of Trecastle 

138 George Bowen, Esq., of Kittle Hill 

139 Thomas Morgan, Esq., of Llanrumney 

140 Oliver Jones, Esq., of Fonmon . 

141 Reynold Deere, E^q., of Wenvoe 

142 Thomas Lewis, Esq., of Llanishen 

143 David Jenkins, Esq., of Hensol . 



144 Sir John Aubrey, Bart., of Llantrithyd 

145 WiUiam Aubrey, Esq., of Pencoed 

146 Sir Edward Mansel, Bart., of Margam 

147 Sir Edward Mansel, the same 



David Evans, of Neath Abbey 

William Morgan, of Rubin6 

John Powell 

William Morgan . 

Edmund Perkins. 

Moor Perkins 

John Richard, of Henllan 

Miles Mathew, of Cardiff . 

David Thomas, of Llyswomey . 

John Llewelin, of Ynis-y-Gerwn . 

John Powell .... 

David Evans .... 

Edward Williams, of St. Mary Church 

Moor Perkins 

John Thomas, of Llancarvan 

Rowland Harris . 

Edward Williams, of St Mary Church 

Jervis Powell .... 

Charles Evans, of Llanwit Fairdre 

John Powell .... 

William Morgan, of Coedygoras . 

John Watkins, of Gower Land . 

Thomas Morgan, of Coedygoras . 

William Morgan, of Coedygoras . 

Jervis Powell .... 



JAMES II. 



Evan £xlwards 

Charles Evans 

Edward Williams, of St. Mary Church 
The same 



1654 

1655 
1656 

1657 
1658 



1659 



1660 
1661 
1662 
1663 
1664 
r665 
1666 

1667 
1668 
1669 
1670 
1671 
1672 

1673 
1674 

1675 

1676 

1677 

1678 

1679 

1680 

1681 

1682 

1683 

1684 



1685 
1686 
1687 
1688 



WILLIAM III. AND MARY. 
148 Thomas I^wi.% Esq., of Penmark . Robert Powell, of Llyswomey 



. 1689 



SHERIFFS AND UNDER-SHERIFFS OF GLAMORGAN. 



143 



149 Thomas Carne, Esq., of Nash 

150 John Price, Esq., of GeUihir 

151 William Seys, Esq., of Rhyddings 

152 William Mathew, Esq., of Aberaman 

153 Richard Herbert, Esq., of Cilybebyll 

154 John Bennett, Esq., of Kittle Hill 

155 Richard Lougher, of Tythegston . 

156 Richard Morgan, Esq., of St. George's 

157 George Ho wells, Esq., of Bov ill . 

158 John Whitwick, Esq. (died in office) 

159 Sir John Thomas, Bart., of Wenvoe 

160 Thomas Mansel, Esq., of Penrhys Castle 



161 Daniel Morris, Esq., of Glyncastle 

162 William Bassett, Esq., of Cowbridge . 

163 Robert Jones, Esq., of Fonmon . 

164 Thomas Thomas, Esq., of Llanbradach 

165 William Stanley, Esq., of Neath Abbey 

166 Roger Powell, Esq., of Energlyn 

167 Richard Came, Esq., of Ewenny 

168 Thomas Button, Esq., of Cottrel 

169 Sir Edward Stradling, Bart., of St. Donates 

170 Sir John Aubrey, Bart., of Llantrithyd 

171 John Came, Esq., of Clementston 

172 Sir Charles Kemeys, Bart, of Keven-mably 



David Thomas> of Lysworaey 
John Wilkins, of the same . 
John t>eere, Esq., of Llantwit 
Charles Evans, of Llantwit Fairdre 
Griffith Evans, of Gelligron. 
Evans Evans .... 
Edward Thomas, of Pwllywrach . 
Jervis Powell, of Llantrisant 
Richard Bassett, of St. Andrew's 
Robert Powell, of Llyswomey . 
Charles Evans, of Llantwit Fairdre 
Evan Evans .... 



ANNE. 



Jervis Powell 

William Llewelyn, of Monkton 

Thomas Wilkins, of Llanblethian 

Roger Wilkins, of Cowbridge 

Thomas Hawkins 

Michael Richards, of Cardiff 

Edward Jenkins, of Landough 

Wat. Morga'n (clerk to Edward Jenkins) 

Robert Powell, of Wilton . 

Edward Jenkins, of Landough 

Thomas Wilkins, of Llanblethian 

Evans Evans (clerk to T. Wilkins) 



GEORGE L 



173 Hoby Compton, Esq., of Neath Abbey 

174 Gabriel Lewis, Esq., of Llanishen 

175 John Jones, Esq., of Dyffryn 

176 Edward Thomas, Esq., ofOgmore 

177 Thomas Popkin, Esq., of Forest . 

178 Michael Williams, Esq., of Bridgend . 

179 William Dawkin, Esq., of Kilvrough . 

180 William Richards, Esq., of Cardiff 

181 William Morgan, Esq., of Coedygoras 

182 Edward Evans, Esq., of Eaglesbush 

183 James Williams, Esq., of Cardiff 

184 Abraham Barbour, Esq., of St. George's 

185 Morgan Morgans, Esq:, of Lanrumney 



186 Martin Button, Esq., of D3rffryn . 

187 James Thomas, Esq., of Llanbradach 

188 Robert Jones, Esq., of Fonmon . 

189 John Llewellin, Esq., of Ynis-y-gerwn 

190 John Came, Esq., of Nash . 

191 Reynold Deere, Esq., of Penlline 

192 Herbert Mackwortb, Esq., of Qnoll 

193 William Bassett, Esq., of Miskin . 

194 Grant Gibbon, of Trecastle 

195 Hopkin Rees, Esq., of St. Mary Hill 

196 Robert Knight, Esq., of Tythegston 

197 Edmund Lloyd, Esq., of Cardiff 

198 Thomas Price, Esq., of Penile' rgaer 

199 Richard Turbervill, Esq., of Ewenny 

200 Rowland Dawkins, Esq., of Kilvrough 

201 Robert Morris, Esq., of Ynysarwad 

202 Matthew Deere, Esq., of Ash Hall 



Thomas Cory, of Margam . 

Gabriel Powell, of Swansea 

John Jones (his son) . 

Thomas Cory, of Margam . 

W. Frampton (clerk to Gabriel Powell) 

Anthony Maddocks 

William Phillips, of Swansea 

Michael Richards, of ditto . 

Henry Morgan (his brother) 

Thomas Cradock, of Margam 

Henry Llewellyn, of ditto . 

Edward Herbert, of Cardiff 

Canon Wilkins, of Lanblethian 



GEORGE IL 



Edward Powell, of Brynhill 
Henry Llewellyn, of Cardiff 
Richard Powell, of Landough 
Gabriel Powell, of Swansea 
Richard Leyson, of Prisk 
Edward Thomas (his nephew) 
William Powell, of Swansea 
Thomas Leyson, of Prisk 
Richard Leyson, of Prisk 
David Lewis, of Penkym, for Richard 
Richard Powell, of Landough 
William Powell, of Llanharan 
Hugh Powell, of Swansea , 
Richard Powell, of Neath . 
Richard Dawkins, of Hendrewen 
John Jeffreys, of Swansea • . 
Anthony Maddocks, of Cefnidfa . 



Ley 



so 



A.D. 
1690 

169I 

1692 

1693 
1694 

1695 

1696 

1697 

1698 

1699 

1700 

1 701 



1702 

1703 
1704 

1705 

170b 

1707 

1708 

1709 

I7IO 

I7II 

I712 

1713 



I714 

I715 
I716 

I717 

I718 

I719 

1720 

I72I 

1722 

1723 
1724 

1725 

1726 



1727 

1728 

1729 

1730 

1 731 
1732 

1733 
1734 
1735 
1736 

1737 
1738 

«739 
1740 

1 741 

174*^ 

'743 



«44 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



203 Henry Lucas, Esq., of Stouthall, in Gower 

204 Thomas Lewis, Esq., of Llanishen 

205 Whitelock NichoU, Esq., of Ham 

206 Thomas Powell, Esq., of Tondii . 

207 John Mathews, Esq., of Brynwith 

208 Joseph Price, Esq., of Gellihir 

209 Richard Jenkins, Esq., of Marias 

210 William Evans, Esq., of Eaglesbush 

211 Rowland Bevan, Esq., of Oxwich 

212 Thomas Rous, Esq. (Under Sheriff acted) 

213 Edward Walters, Esq., of Pittcott 

214 Thomas Popkin, Esq., of Forest 

215 William Bruce, Esq., of Llanlle:hian . 

216 Thomas Lewis, Esq., of Newl.ouse 

217 Edward Mathews, Esq., of Aberaman . 

218 Thomas Pryce, Esq., of Dyffryn Golych 

219 Sir Johndela Fountain Tyrwhit, Bart., of St. Donat's 





A.D. 


Edward Hancom, Gent. 


. 1744 


. Richard Powell, of Neath . 


. «74S 


. Edward Lewis, of Penlline . 


. 1746 


. Edward Savours, of Coedycynllan 


. 1747 


. John Thomas, of Cowbridgc 


. 1748 


. John Morgan, of Swansea . 


. 1749 


■■. Anthony Maddocks, of Cefnidfa . 


. 1750 


. Hugh Powell, of Swansea . 


. 1751 


<• Edward Hancom 


• 1752 


. Thomas Edmonds, of Cow bridge 


. . 1753 


. Nathaniel Taynton, of Cowbridge 


. 1754 


Edward Hancom 


. 1755 


. John Thomas, of Cowbridge 


. 1756 


. Richard Thomas .... 


. 1757 


. John Thomas, of Cowbridge 


. 1758 


. Mansel Williams, of Neath . 


. 1759 



(Office done by his deputy, William Rees, 
St. Mary Hill, his steward) 



of 



GEORGE HL 



220 Samuel Price, Esq., of Coity 

221 Philip Williams, Esq., of Dyffryn 

222 Robert Morris, Ksq., of Swansea 

223 Abraham Williams, Esq., of Cathays . 

224 Calvert Richard Jones, Esq., of Swansea 

225 William Curre, Esq., of Clementston . 

226 Edward Powell, Esq., of Tondu . 

227 Thomas Bennet, Esq., of Laleston 

228 Thomas Mathews, Esq., of Llandaff 

229 Richard Gordon, Esq., of Burry's Green, Gower 

230 William Thomas, E^q., of Llanblethian 

231 Edward Thomas, Esq., of Tregroes 

232 William Dawkin, Esq., of Kilvrough 

233 John Edmondes, Esq., of Cowbridge 

234 Daniel Jones, Esq., of Glanbrdn . 

235 William Hurst, Esq., of Gabalva 

236 David Thomas, Esq , of Pwllywrach 

237 John Lucas, Esq., of Stouthall 

238 Bartholomew Greenwood, Esq., of Cardiff 

(excused, being bailiff of Cardiff) ; Christopher 
Bassett, Esq., of Llanclay 

239 Peter Birt, Esq., of Wenvoe Castle 

240 Charles Bowen, Esq., of Merthyr-mawr 

241 Thomas Mansel Talbot, Esq., of Margam 

242 William Kemeys, Esq., of Ynysarwad 

243 John Richard, Esq., of Energlyn 

244 Stephen White, Esq., of Miskin . 

245 Thomas Drake Tyrwhit, Esq., of St. Donat's Castle 

246 John Price, Esq., of Llandaff Court 

247 Richard Jenkins, Esq., of Pantjmawel . 

248 John Llewelin, Esq., of Welsh St. Donates 

249 William Lewis, Esq , of Pentyrch 

250 John Richards, Esq., Corner House, Cardiff 

251 John Llewelyn, Esq., of Ynis-y-gerwn 

252 John Lucas, Esq., of Stouthall 

253 Henry Knight, Esq., ofTythegston 

254 Wyndham Lewis, Esq., of Llanishen . 

255 Herbert Hurst, Esq., of Gabalva 

256 Robert Rous, Esq., of Cwrtyrala . 
357 Samuel Richardson, Esq., Hensol Castle 
258 John Goodrich, Esq., of Energlyn 



William Prothero (for William Rees) 
Mansel Williams, of Neath 
Elias Jenkins .... 
Thomas Williams, of Cowbridge 
William Jenkins, of Neath . 
Edward Lewis, of Penlline . 
William Jenkins, of Neath . 
I Itid Thomas, of Swansea . 
Thomas Williams, of Cowbridge 
Elias Jenkins, of Swansea . 
Thomas Williams, Cowbridge 
William Rees, Esq., St. Mary Hill 
Iltid Thomas, of Swansea . 
Thomas Thomas, of Cardiff 
Iltid Thotnas, of Swansea . 
Thomas Thomas, of Cardiff 
William Rees, Esq., of St. Mary Hill 
Iltid Thomas, of Swansea , 

William Rees, Esq., of St. Mary Hill 

Thomas Thomas, of Cardiff 
Thomas Thomas .... 
Hopkin Llewelyn, of Margam 
William Rees, Esq., of St. Mary Hill 
Thomas Thomas, of Cardiff 
William Rees, Esq., of Court Colnian 
Watkin Morgan, of Llandough . 
John Wood, of Cardiff 
Thomas Williams, of Cowbridge 
John Wood, of Cardiff 
Hopkin Llewellyn, Gent. . 
John Wood, Cardiff . 
Mr. Hopkin Llewelyn . 
Rees Da vies, Swansea 
John Thomas, Cowbridge . 
John Wood, of Cardiff 

Ditto 

Ditto ...... 

J. Williams, Cardiff . 

John Wood .... 



1760 



1 761 

1762 

1763 
1764 

1765 

1766 

1767 

1768 

1769 

1770 

1771 

1772 

1773 
1774 

»775 
1776 

1777 
1778 

1779 

1780 
1 781 
1782 

1783 
1784 

1785 

1786 

1787 
1788 

1789 
1790 

1 791 
1792 

1793 
1794 
1795 
1796 

1797 
1798 
1799- 



SHERIFFS AND UNDER-SHERIFFS OF GLAMORGAN. 



145 



259 Robert Jenner, Esq., Wenvoe Castle 

260 Robert Jones, Esq., Fonmon Castle 

261 Richard Mansel Phillips, Esq., Sketty 

262 John Morris, Esq., of Clasemont . 

263 Richard T. Picton, Esq., of Ewenny 

264 Thomas Markham, Esq., of Nash 

265 Anthony Bacon, Esq., of Cyfarthfa 

266 George Wynch, Esq , of Clementston 

267 John N. Miers, Esq., Cadoxton Lodge 

268 Jeremiah Homfray, Esq., of Llandaff 

269 Thom-s Lockwood, Esq., Danygraig 

270 Sir Robert Lynch Blosse, Barf., Gabalfa 

271 Morgan Popkin Traheme, Esq., Coytrehen 

272 William Jones, Esq., Comtown Lodge 

273 The Hon. William Booth Grey . 

274 William Tait, Esq., Cardiff. 

275 Richard John Hill, Esq., Plymouth Lodge 

276 Thomas Bates Rous, Esq., of Cwrtyrala 

277 Lewis Weston Dillwyn, Esq., Penile 'rgaer 

278 Josiah John Guest, Esq., Dowlais 



John Wood 
William Vaughan 
John Jeffreys, Swansea 
William Vaughan 
William Vaughan 
Edward Powell, Llantwit 
John Wood, Cardiff" . 
Edward Powell . 
G. Llewelyn 
Wyndham Lewis 
John Jeffreys, Swansea 
Thomas Bassett . 
W. Vaughan 
Thomas Bassett . 
John Wood 
E. P. Richards . 
John Powell, Brecon . 
E. P. Richards . 
Lewis Thomas, Swansea 
John Jones . 



A.D. 

800 

801 

802 

803 
804 
80s 
806 
807 
808 
809 
810 
811 
812 

813 
814 

81S 
816 

817 
818 
819 



GEORGE IV. 



279 Richard Blakemore, Esq., Veluidre 

280 William Forman, Esq., Penydarran 

281 Sir John Morris, Bart., Sketty Park 

282 John Edwards, Esq., Rheola 

283 John Bassett, Esq., Bonvilston House 

284 John Bennet, Esq., Laleston 

285 Thomas Edward Thomas, Esq., Swansea 

286 John Henry Vivian, Esq., Marino 

287 Robert F. Jenner, Esq., Wenvoe Castle 

288 William Crawshay, Esq., Cyfarthfa Castle 



E. P. Richards . 
William Meyrick. 
John James. 
William Meyrick . 
Thomas Basset . 
John Jackson Price 
John Jackson Price 
John Jackson Price 
E. P. Richards . 
William Meyrick. 



1820 
1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1825 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 



WILLIAM IV. 



289 William Williams, Esq., Aberpergwm . 

290 Richard H. Jenkins, Esq., Lanharan House 

291 Frederick Fredricks, Esq., Dyffryn 

292 Richafd T. Turbervill, Esq., Ewenny 

293 Henry J. Grant, Esq., The GnoU 

294 John Dill^Tn Llewelyn, Esq., PenlleVgaer 

295 Thomas Penrice, Esq., Kilvrough House 



David Powell 
Alexander Cuthbertson 
Alexander Cuthbertson 
William Lewis . 
David Powell 
Thomas Thomas . 
John Jenkins 



1830 
1831 
1832 

1833 

1834 

1835 
1836 



VICTORIA. 



296 Howel Gwyn, Esq., Alltwen .... 

297 Howel Gwyn, Esq. — R. O. Jones, Esq., Fonmon 

Castle 

298 Charles H. Smith, Gwemllwjmwith 

299 Michael Williams, Esq., Morfa 

300 Joseph Martin, Esq., Ynystawe . 

301 Henry Lucas, Esq., Uplands 

302 John Homfray, Esq., Llandaff Court 

303 John Bruce Pryce, Esq., D3rfrryn . 

304 Robert Savours, Esq., Trecastle . 

305 Richard Franklin, Esq., Clementson 

306 Nash V. Edwards Vaughan, Esq., Rheola 

307 Thomas W. Booker, Esq., Velindre 

308 Richard Boteler, Esq., Landough Castle 

309 Rowland Fothergill, Esq., Hensol Castle 



John Gwyn Jeffreys 1837 

John G. Jeffreys 1838 

Charles Basil Mansfield .... 1839 

C. B. Mansfield 1840 

C. B. Mansfield 1841 

J. G. Jeffreys 1842 

J. G. Jeffreys 1843 

William Davies 1844 

William Lewis 1845 

William Lewis 1846 

Alexander Cuthbertson .... 1847 

Thomas Evans 1848 

Thomas Evans 1849 

K. G. Smith 185c 



146 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

A.D. 

310 Gervase Turbervill, Esq., Ewenny 185 1 

311 Griffith Llewellyn, Esq., of Baglan Hall 1852 

312 Richard Hill Miers, Esq., of Ynyspenllwch 1853 

313 William Llewelyn, E^q., of Court Colman 1854 

314 Wyndham W. I^wis, Esq., of The Heath 1855 

315 John Samuel, Esq., Cowbridge 1856 

316 Evan Williams, Esq., of Dyffryn Ffrwd 1857 

317 Henry Lewis, Esq., Green Meadow 1858 

318 Charles Williams, Esq., Roath 1859 

319 George Grey Rous, Esq., Court-y-Rala i860 

320 Edward Robert Wood, Esq., Stouthall 1861 

321 Sir Ivor B. Guest, Bart., Dowlais 1862 

322 John P. Traheme, Esq.. Coytr$hen 1863 

323 Robert F. L.Jenner, Esq., Wenvoe Castle 1864 

324 Thomas W^illiam Booker, Esq., Velindre 1865 

'325 William Graham Vivian, Esq., Singleton 1866 

326 Thomas Penrice, Esq., Kilvrough House 1867 

327 George Thomas Clark, Esq., Dowlais House . 1868 

328 Edward Romilly, Esq., Porthkerry 1869 

329 E. W. J. Thomas, Esq., Coedriglan 1870 

330 Vaughan H. Lee, Esq., Rheola 1871 

331 Charles Henry Williams, Esq., Roath Court 1872 



Section IX.— PARLIAMENTARY ANNALS OF GLAMORGAN. 

The powers of the Lords Marchers, who alone were entitled to appear as barons in the 
king's council, were abolished by the eighth Henry, by the Act of the twenty-seventh year of 
his reign (a.d. 1536-7), whereby he formally and finally united Wales to England; and for 
that year a knight of the shire was doubtless summoned to represent the interests ami 
wishes of the population in Parliament. 

Before the conquest of Wales, and its nominal union with England under Edward I., 
no parliamentary representation, properly speaking, existed among the Welsh, but a kind of 
autocracy of the princes, tempered by the voice of popular assembly, prevailed. After 
Edward's conquest an occasional summons for delegates from Wales to the suzerain's 
council was issued. Edward II., a.d. 1322, sent forth a writ directing that twenty-four 
persons from South Wales, and an equal number from North Wales, "with full and 
sufficient power on behalf of the whole community of their parts," should attend a parlia- 
metitum which he was about to hold at York. Of the result of such summons among a 
nation by no means forward at that time to comply with any " direction " from the English 
king, we have no record. Glamorgan, however, for legislative purposes, did not yet form 
part of either England or Wales — although territorially and ethnically of course belonging 
to the latter, — but lay under that exceptional species of government known as the regal 
authority {Jura Regalia) of the Lords Marchers — an authority, it is true,- not wholly tanta- 
mount to a free imperium in imperio^ but still sufficiently independent to exclude all voice of 
the people in their own representation. Henry put an abrupt end to this feudal rule, made 
the Glamorgan and Gower Lordships Marcher a County, and gave the inhabitants of the 
county and of the royal burgh of Cardiff the privilege of choosing and sending each a 
delegate to the national Parliament. 



PARLIAMENTARY ANNALS OF GLAMORGAN. 



147 



Upon what principle of suffrage iht selection of a representative was then made is not 
quite plain ; but it is probable that the franchise settled under Edward III., which extended 
in counties to small holders, and in boroughs to house tenants, had remained unaltered in 
England, and was now applied to Wales. 

The names of Xht first Members sent from Glamorgan and Cardiff (1537), like many 
others of the same date, have been lost The representative for the next parliament was 
George Herbert, Esq., of Swansea, for the co., and John Bassett, Esq., of the Inner Temple 
{Interioris Templi)^iQx the boroughs. In 1654 and 1656, under Cromwell and the Common- 
wealth, the county returned two members; and in the year preceding (1683), when 
specific constituencies in Wales were not represented, but the whole Principality, including 
Monmouthshire, was represented by 7 members^ one of these was a prominent Glamorgan 
gentleman, Bussy Mansel, Esq., of Briton Ferry. In 1658-9 (Cromwell) Swansea^ which had 
never before been granted the parliamentary franchise, returned a member, William P'oxwist, 
Esq. With this exception the borough delegation from this county was confined to Cardiff, 
not on account of its population, for in that respect its inferiority was obvious, but on account 
of its ancient status as a princely and lordly seat. It is for men of local and anti- 
quarian knowledge, such as Col. Francis, to find out why Swansea, although at the head of 
the later Lordship Marcher of Gower, did not claim, or failed to secure, the privilege of 
parliamentary representation until Cromwell gave it the boon, as well as to find whence 
came and whither went William Foxwist, Esq.— of whom, however, more hereafter (p. 152). 

By the Reform Bill of 1832, Swansea (with Neath, Aberavon, and Kenfig), with all its 
importance as a port and centre of mining and manufacturing wealth and population, for 
the first time obtained the permanent privilege of returning a member to the Commons 
Merthyr Tydfil, which now, with Aberdare,&c., contains a population nearly equal to Cardiff 
and Swansea together, despite their recent increase, was at the same time made a Parlia- 
mentary District of boroughs. 



I. — Members of Parliament for the County of Glamorgan^ from a.d. 1542 — 1872. 



HENRY VIII. 

George Herbert, Esq., of Swansea. 
[Second son of Richard Herbert of 
Ewias ; was knighted ; d. 1570 ; 
bro. of William Herbert, 1st Earl of 
Pembroke; cr. 1551, (from whom 
descend the Earls of Pembroke and 
Carnarvon) ; and father of Matthew 
Herbert, Esq., of Swansea, and 
William Herbert, Esq., of Cogan, 
who built the house at Cogan Pill] . 

EDWARD VI. 

George Mathew, Esq. [of Radir; was 
knighted ; third of the line of Radir, 
and son of Sir William Matthew, 
Knt. ; Sheriff for Glam., 1544] 

MARY. 

Sir George Mathew, Knt., of Radir [the 

same] . «. . • • 
Anthony Mansel, Esq, [r.econd son of Sir 



AD. 



1542 



1547 



«553 



A.D. 

Rice Mansel, Kt. of Oxwich, the first 
of Margam Abbey ; brother of Sir 
Edward Mansel, of Margam] . . 1553 
[Sir] Edward Mansel [Knt., of Margam, 
above named. On his tomb it is said 
that he had fifteen sons and four daus. 
by his wife Jane, dau. of Henry 
Somerset, Earl of Worcester. See 

t • 

Margam Abbey] . . . .1554 

PHILIP AND MARY. 

Sir Edward Carne, Knt. [of Ewenny ; 

Sheriff 1554] 1554 

Sir Edward Came, Knt., the same . . 1555 
William Herbert de Cogan, Esq. [Sheriff 
^55^ 1556 ; son of Sir George Her- 
bert of Swansea ; built Cogan House, 
near Cardiff ; m. Alice, dau. of Sir 
Thomas (or John) Raglan, Knt., 
widow of Wniiam Mathew, of Castle 
Menjch. From his eldest bro. Mat- 
thcwdescended ihc Herberts of Cogan, 



148 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



1586 
1588 

1592 



1597 



four generations, Herberts of White A.D. 
Friars, Cardiff, and of Swansea] . 1557 

ELIZABETH. 

William Morgan, Esq. [of Llantamam ?] . 1558-9 
Willi.;m Bassett, Esq. [of Beaupre; Sheriff 

in 1558] 1563 

William Bassett, Esq., the same . . 1571 
William Herbert, sen., Esq. [of Cogan ; 
his nephew, "William Herbert,yK«.," 
became Sir William, Knt.] . . 1 572 
Robert Sydney, Esq. [afterwards (1586) 
Sir Robert Sydney ; 2nd son of Sir 
Henry Sydney, K.G., of Penshurst ; 
m., about 1584, Barbara Carnage, 
heiress of Coity ; was made Governor 
of Flushing, &c ; cr. Baron Sydney 
and Viscount Lisle, and in 161 8 Earl 
of Leicester. See further Carnage of 

Coity Castle^ 1585 

Thomas Came, Esq. [of Ewenny ; Sheriff 
in 1571 and 1580; m. a dau. of Sir 
John Wyndham, of Orchard Wynd- 
ham, Somerset ; father of Sir John 
Came, Knt., of Ewenny] 
Thomas Came, Esq., the same 
Sir Robert Sydney, Knt. [see under 

A.D. 1585] 

Sir Thomas Mansel, Knt. [afterwards 
Bart., of Margam ; Sheriff 1593 and 
1603. ^eit Mansel cf Margam\ 
Sir John Herbert, Knt. [of Neath Abbey; 
2nd son of Matthew Herbert, Esq., 
of Swansea ; Sheriff in 1605 ; d. 161 7, 
<r/. 67] 1601 

JAMES L 

Philip Herbert, Esq., in his place, raised 

to the peerage. 
Sir Thomas Mansel, Knt. . . . 1603 
[Philip Herbert was 2nd son of Henry, 2nd 
Karl of Pembroke ; cr. Baron Herbert 
of Shurland, Kent, and Earl of Mont- 
gomery, 1605; succ. as 4th Earl of 
Pembroke on death of his b. William 
l630,</. 1650. ^\QxA2^,Synop. Peerage.'l 
Sir Thomas Mansel, Knt. [of Margam 
(see A.D. 1597); cr. a bart., 161 1, on 
the first institution of the order by 

James I] 1614 

William Price, Esq 1620 

Sir Robert Mansel, Knt. [Vice- Admiral ; 
loth son of Sir Edward Mansel of 
Margam, by Lady Jane Somerset, 
dau. of Henry, 2nd Earl of Worcester. 
See Margam Abbey. He was knighted 
by the Earl of Essex for his valour in 
taking the city of Cadiz, 1596 ; made 
Vice- Admiral by James I. ; m, Eliza- 
beth, dau. of Sir Nicholas Bacon, 
Knt., Keeper of the Great Seal, and 
sister of the celebrated Lord Chan- 
cellor Bacon] 1623 



CHARLES I. A.D. 

Sir Robert Mansel, Knt. (the same) 1625 

Sir John Stradling, Knt. and Bart [of St. 

Donates] 1626 

Sir Robert Mansel, Knt. (as before) . 1628 
Sir Edward Stradling, Knt and Bart, [of 

St Donates], ist session . . 1640 

PbiUp Lord Herbert [Earl of Mont- 
gomery ; son and successor in 1650 
of Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pem- 
broke. See 1603] 2nd session . . 1640 

THE COMMONWEALTH AND CROMWELL. 

The "Little" or "Barebones" Parlia- 
ment is called. Six members are 
summoned for. all Wales, without 
special constituencies :— Bussy Mansel, 
Hugh Courtenay, James Philips, 
Richard Pryse, John Williams, John 
Bowen and Philip Jones for Mon. . 1653 

[Bussy Mansel is well known as of Briton 
Ferry, Glam. ; James Philips was of 
Cardigan ; Richard Pryse, of Goger- 
ddan ; and if Hugh Courtenay was 
the otherwise known hot ** rojralist 
officer," he must have been sum- 
moned as a compromise.] 

OLIVER CROMWELL, LORD PROTECTOR. 

CoL Philip Jones [of Swansea, afterwards^ 
of Fonmon Castle ; founder of the 
family of Jones of Fonmon ; an officer 
of distinguished merit ; Governor of 
Swansea and Cardiff under Cromwell ; 
became one of His Highnesses Council ; 
Comptroller of the Household ; was 
elevated to the House of Lords. See 
Jones of Fonmon Castle^ and Col. 
Francis's Life of Col. Philip Jones^ in 
his Charters of Swansea"] . 
William Thomas, Esq., of Wenvoe . . # 
Col. Philip Jones, of Fonmon (the same) 
Edmund Thomas, Esq., of Wenvoe [son 
of William, one of the members for 
1654]. 



>|654 



1656 



RICHARD CROMWELL, LORD PROTECTOR. 

Evan Seys, Esq. [of Boverton, Serjeant- 
at-law. See Seys of Boverton, This 
parliament, after a few short and in- 
terrupted sittings, dissolved itself, 
and by its own authority called 
another parliament to meet on April 
25, 1660] 1658-9 

CHARLES II.— "THE RESTORATION." 

Sir Edward Mansel, Bart., of Margam 
[Sheriff in 1 688 ; son of Sir Lewis Man- 
sel, Bart. ; m. Martha, dau. and co-h. 
of Edward Came, Esq., of Ewenny ; 



PARLIAMENTARY ANNALS OF GLAMORGAN. 



149 



A.D. 

was succ. by his son, Sir Thomas, 
afterwards Ix)rd Mansel] . . . 1660 
Sir Edward Mansel (the same) . . 1661 
Bussy Mansel, Esq. [of Briton-Ferry ; the 
friend of Cromwell, and zealous pro- 
moter of his cause in the co. of Gla- 
morgan] 1678 

Bussy Mansel, Esq. (the same) . . 1680 
Sir Edward Mansel, Bart, [same as for 

1660, &c.] 1680-1 

JAMES IL 

Sir Edward Mansel, Bart., of Margam 

(the same) .... 1685 

Bussy Mansel, Esq., of Briton Ferry . 1688 

WILLLAM AND MARY— THE REVOLUTION. 

Bussy Mansel, Esq., of Briton Ferry . 1689 
Bussy Mansel, Esq. (the same) . 1695 

Bussy Mansel, Esq. (the same) . . 1598 
Sir Thomas Mansel, Bart, [of Margam ; 
Sheriff in 1 701 ; was made Comp- 
troller of the Household under Queen 
Anne, a member of the Privy Council, 
Vice- Admiral of South Wales, Gov- 
ernor of Milford Haven ; cr. Baron 
Mansel of Margam 1712; d. 1 723. 
^^t Margam Abbey\. . . . 1 700 
Sir Thomas Mansel, Bart., of Margam 

(the same) 1701 

ANNE. 

Sir Thomas Mansel, Bart., of Margam 

(the same) 1702 

Sir Thomas Mansel, Bart., of Margam 

(the same) 170$ 

Sir Thomas Mansel, Bart, (the same) . 1707 
Sir Thomas Mansel, Bart, (the same) . 1708 
Robert Jones, Esq. [of Fonmon Castle, 
son of the late Col. Philip Jones of 

Fonmon 1710 

Robert Jone% Esq. (the same) . . 1713 

Robert Jones, Esq. (the same) . . 1 7 14 

GEORGE I. (House of Hanover). 

Robert Jones, Esq., of Fonmon Castle 

(the same) 1714 

Robert Jones, Esq. (the same) . . 171 5 

Sir Charles Kemeys, Bart, vice Jones, 

deceased 1 715 

Sir Charles Kemeys, Bart., of Keven- 

Mably 1722 

GEORGE II. 

Sir Charles Kemeys, Bart, (the same) . 1727 
Hon. William Talbot [son of Charles, 

Baron Talbot of Hensol] . . 1734 

\Bu5sy Mansel^ Esq., of Margam, contested, 
the poll continuing for ten days. 
1 50 1 voted — for Mansel, 823 ; for 
Talbot, 678 ; but 247 were struck off 
from Mansel, and only 21 from 



A.D. 

Talbot The sheriff, William Basset 
of Miskin, accused of great partially]. 
Bussy Mansel, Esq. [of Mai^gam, after- 
wards Lord Mansel, elected wV^ Talbot, 
succ. to the peerage on death of his 
father. Lord Chancellor Talbot, Baron 

Hensol] 1737 

Bussy Mansel, Esq., of Margam (the same) 1 741 
Thomas Mathew, Admiral [of Llandaff; 
son of Brig. -Gen. Edward Mathew 
of Llandaff ; father of Major Thomas 
Mathew of Llandaff, by Henrietta 
Burgess, an Antigua lady. He was 
chosen vice Bussy Mansel, who succ. 
to the peerage on death of his brother 
Christopher, 3rd Lord Mansel of 
Margam, 1750, s. p, /«., when the 
title became extinct. The four suc- 
cessions from the first lord, Thomas, 
of Margam, in 1 7 1 1 , to death of Bussy, 
fourth Lord Mansel, only lasted 
thirty-nine years. The revival of this 
title in the person of the present 
C. R. Mansel Talbot, M.P., has 
recently been declined] . . . 1744 
Charles E^win, Esq. [of Llanfihangel ? 
The election took place at Bridgend. 
The name Edwin came to Glamorgan, 
it is believed, with Humphrey Edwin, 
Esq., who in or about 1650 purchased 
Llanfihangel from Sir Robert Thomas, 
2nd Bart., the last of his line. See 
Thomas of Llanfihanget\ . . . 1 747 
Charles Edwin, Esq. (the same) . . 1754 
Dec, 2giA. Major Thomas Matthew [of 
Llandaff], vice E^win, deceased. [A 
contest took place between Matthew 
and Charles Van— see Fan of Mar- 
cross, — who was probably of Llan- 
wem, Mon. Votes for Matthew, 
954; for Van, 212. The election 
was held at Cardiff] . . . .1756 

GEORGE III. 

Sir Edmund Thomas, Bart, [of Wenvoc 

Castle] 1761 

Sir Edmund Thomas, Bart, [re-elected 
nth May, upon his appointment as 
Commissioner of Woods and Forests] 1 763 

Richard Turbervill, Esq. [of Ewenny, 
Dec, 1767, vice Thomas, deceased. 
Election at Bridgend] . . . 1767 

Hon. George Venables Vernon [of Briton 
Ferry ; son and h. of George Ven- 
ables, 1st Lord Vernon, Baron of 
Kinderton, co. Chester ; m, Louisa 
Barbara (by whom he had no surviving 
issue), dau. and h. of Bussy, last Lord 
Mansel of Margam, who had Briton 
Ferry by will of Thomas Mansel of 
that place, who d, s. /. ; succ. as 2nd 



ISO 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



A D. 

Lord Vernon 1780. This title is not 
extinct] 1768 

Hon. George Venables Vernon (the same) 
["Mr. Thomas Price of Dyffryn 
offered himself in case Lord Vernon 
was dead"] . . . # . 1774 

Charles Edwin, Esq. [was a Wyndham 
of Dunraven, assumed his mother's 
surname, an Edwin of Llanfihangel, 
see A.D. 1747 ; vice Vernon, who j. to 
the peerage on death of his father, 
Lord Vernon] 1780 

Thomas Wyndham, Esq [of Dunraven 
Castle ; elected at Bridgend, Sept., 
1 789, vice Charles Edwin, resigned. 
Mr. Traheme (Zw/ of Knights of the 
Shire) says **7'ice his father, Charles 
Wyndham, who took the Chiltem 
Hundreds"] 1 789 

Thomas Wyndham, Esq., of Dunraven 
(the same). [The Wyndhams came to 
Dunraven in 1642, when Thomas 
Wyndham bought the estate from Sir 
George Vaughan, Knt. See Vaughan 
of Dunraven. Thomas Wyndham, 
Esq. , was the last of his line, leaving 
an only dau., who »«., 1 8 10, Wyndham 
Quin Lord Adare, afterwards 2nd 
Eari of Dunraven'] . . . 1790 — x8i2 

Benjamin Hall, Elsq., vice Wyndham de- 
ceased [of Hensol Castle. See Lian- 
over, Barony of Uanover ; also Hensol 
Castle] X814 

Sir Christopher Cole, K.C.B. ; Feb. vice 
Hall deceased. [Son of Humphrey 
Cole, Esq., of Childown, Surrey ; 
was a Post-Capt. R.N., Col. of Royal 
Marines ; m. Mary, dau. of Henry, 
2nd Earl of Ilchester, and widow of 
T. M. Talbot, Esq., of Margam ; re- 
sided at Penrice Castle ; d. s.p. 1836] 1818 

John Edwards, Esq. [Rheola and Llanelay 



A.D. 

— no further account is found of this 
brief interruption in the representation] 1818 

' GEORGE IV. 

Sir Christopher Cole, K.C.B. [same as for 
1818 : a contest occurred between 
Cole, Edwards, and Grey ; the first 
polling 791 votes, the second 656, the 
third 151 — total votes 1,598. Polling 
lasted twelve days] .... 1820 

Sir Christopher Cole, K.C.B. (the same) 1826 

WILLIAM IV. 

C. R. Mansel Talbot, Esq., of Margam, 
[present senior Member ; has continu- 
ously represented the co. up to the 
present time. ^^ Talbot of Margam] 1830 
Do. [General Election under Reform 
Act, when he was chosen as a second 
member for the co.] 

Lewis Weston Dillwjm, Esq., F.R.S., of 

Penlle*rgaer ..... 1832 

C. R. Mansel Talbot, Esq., of Margam . ) 

Lewis Weston Dillwyn, Esq., of Penlle'r- > 1835 
gaer ) 

VICTORIA. 

C. R. Mansel Talbot, Esq., of Margam . j 
Richard Wyndham Quin Viscount Adare > 1837 

[afterwards 3rd Earl of Dunraven] ) 
C. R. Mansel Talbot, Esq., of Margam .v 
Sir George Tyler, K.H. [of Cottrel, vice 

Viscount Adare resigned ; eldest son 

of Admii-al Sir Charies Tyler, G. C. B. ; 

became Rear- Admiral 1852 ; continued 

Mr. Talbot's colleague till 1857] 
C. R. Mansel Talbot, Esq , of Margam 

and Penrice Castle .... 
Henry Hussey Vivian, Esq., of Parkwem, 

Swansea 

The sitting Members^ 187^ 



185 1 



1857 



2. — Members of Parliament for Cardiff and Contributory Boroughs^ a.d. 1542 — ^a.d. 1872. 



HENRY VIII. 
John Bassett, Esq., of the Inner Temple. 1542 



EDWARD VL 
John Cokk, Esq. [the name otherwise un- 



known] 



MARY. 



1547 



David Edwards [i9nw«^ ^/V/ij gives David 

Evans] "553 

David Evar^, Gent., 2nd Pari. . .1553 
Ed>^'ard Herbert,. Esq. [place unknown ; 
probably son of Richard, son of Howfel 
Thomas Herbert of Berth -hir, and 



grandson of Thomas William Jenkin 

of Raglan] 1554 

PHILIP AND MARY. 

William Colchesier [place unknown] . 1554 
Willis gives no return . , . • ^555 
Lysanno ap Ryse, Esq. [This was doubt- 
less Leyson Price of Briton Ferry, son 
of Rhys ap Evan, of the line of lestyn, 
through Evan ap Leyson, Lord of 
Baglan. Hew. Maud, dau. of David 
Evans, Esq., of Gnoll, Sheriff in 1562] 1557 



ELIZABETH. 

; Willis gives no return ^ 



1558-9 



PARLIAMENTARY ANNALS OF GLAMORGAN. 



IS' 



Henry Lewis, Esq. [of Cardiff; Under- 
Sheriffi552] 

Henry Morgan, Esq. [no place given — 
probably Glanrumney] 

David Roberts, Gent. [Under- Sheriff 1571] 

Nicholas Herbert, Esq. [ofCogan; Sheriff 
1578 and 1587 ; 3rd son of Matthew 
Herbert, Esq., of Swansea] 

George Lewis, Esq. [of Llys-Talybont ; 
2nd son of Thomas Lewis, Esq., of 
Van ; Sheriff 1569 ; m. Catherine, 
dau. of Miles Mathew, Esq., of 
Castle Menych] .... 

David Roberts, Gent [probably same as 
for 1572] 

Nicholas Hawkins [place unknown] 

William Lewis, Gent, [place unknown] . 

JAMES I. 

Matthew Davies, Gent [place unknown] . 

William Thomas, Gent, [place unknown] 

William Herbert, Esq. [There were three 
of this name living at this time at 
or near Cardiff, William of Cogan 
Pill, son of Nicholas Herbert (see 
1585); William of White Friars, 
Cardiff; and William, jun., who was 
slain at the battle of Edge Hill, 1642. 
But this last could scarcely be the 
member for Cardiff] .... 

William Price, Esq. [the Under-Sherifr 
for 1626 was of this name] 

CHARLES I. 

William Price, Esq. (the same) 

William Price, Esq. (the same) 

Lewis Morgan, Esq. [place not given, 
probably Glanrumney ; grandson of 
member for 1563; his mother was 
dau. of Nicholas Herbert, of Cogan] 

William Herbert, Esq. [probably of 
Cogan. See next Pari], ist session 

William Herbert, Esq. [probably of 
Cogan ; father of William Herbert of 
Swansea, Cogan, and White Friars ; 
was slain at the battle of Edge Hill, 
1642], 2nd Session .... 

Algernon Sidney, vice Herbert 

[This Algernon Sidney, or Sydney, 
was son of Robert Sydney, Earl of 
Leicester, and was doubtless brought 
to Cardiff through the Coity connection 
(see Coity CastU), As Col. Sydney he 
became celebrated under Cron-well, 
was a strong republican, but agunst 
Cromwell's " usurpation." This Pail., 
known as the " Long Parliament," 
continued to sit at intervals, until, in 
1648, Col. Pride's "Purge'' put a 
stop to its ** further debate." Sydney 
had continued all thiv time a member. 



AD. 

1563 

1571 
157^ 

1585 



1586 

1592 

1597 
1601 



1603 
1614 



1620 
1623 



1625 
1626 



1628 



1640 



1642 



A.D. 

In 1645 Cromwell thought highly of 
him as an officer in the Parliament 
army. ** I am confident," he says to 
Fairfax, **he will serve you faith- 
fully ; " but in 1653, in dismissing 
the "Long" or "Rump" Pari., or, 
as he called the act, "putting an end 
to their prating," Cromwell, pointing 
to the Speaker, said to Harrison, 
** Fetch him down ! " and seeing 
Algernon Sydney sitting next to the 
Speaker, he exclaimed, ** Put him 
out ! " then pointing to the mace, 
said, "Take away that bauble." 
Sydney, however, continued a staunch 
Commonwealth and anti-royalty man ; 
opposed the Restoration ; survived 
Cromwell; concerted with Shaftes- 
bury, Hampden, and Russell in 168 1 ; 
was arrested as concerned in the 
" Rye House Plot," was tried by the 
miscreant Jeffre)r8, Charles II. 's in- 
strument, condemned, and executed on 
Tower HiU 1683.] 

THE COMMONWEALTH AND CROMWELL. 

The " Little " Parliament. No return for 
. the boroughs. See under County . 1653 

OLIVER CROMWELL, LORD PROTECTOR. 

John Price, Esq. [prob. "John Price, Esq ," 
of Gellihir, in Gower, an active man 
in the Protector's cause] . . . 1654 

John Price, Esq. (the same) . . . 1656 

RICHARD CROMWELL, LORD PROTECTOR. 

John Price, Esq. [the same. This parlia- 
ment was interrupted sitting Oct. 13, 
reassembled Dec. 26, and continued 
sitting till March 16, when it passed 
a vote not only dissolving itself, but 
the parliament of Nov. 3, 1640, and 
summoning a new parliament for 
April 25th, 1660] .... 

CHARLES IL 



16589 



Bussy Mansel, Esq., of Briton Ferry . 1660- 1 

Sir Robert Thomas, Bart., of Llanfihangel 1678-80 

Bussy Mansel, Esq. [for County in 1680] 168 1 

JAMES IL 

Francis Gwyn, Esq , of Llansannor . . 1685 

Thomas Mansel, Esq., of Margan) [after- 
wards a Bart.] .... 1688-9 

Sir Edward Stradling, Bart., of St. 

Donat's 1695 — 1700 

Thomas Mansel, Esq. [of Briton Ferry] . 1701 



ANNE. 
Thomas Mansel, Esq. (the same) 



1702-5 



iSa 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



A.D. 

Sir John Aubrey, Bart, [of Llantrithyd] . 1707-8 
Sir Edward Stradling, Bart., of St. 

Donates 1710-14 

GEORGE I. (House op Hanover). 

Sir Edward Stradling, Bart, (the same) . 1 7 14 
Sir Edward Stradling, 4th Bart, of St. 
Donates ; m. Elizabeth, dau. of An- 
thony Hungerford .... 1722 

GEORGE II. 

Sir Edward Stradling, Bart, (the same) .\ 

Hon. Bussy Hansel [of Margam, after I 

wards Lord Mansel of Margam, M.P. j- 1727 
for the CO. 1737, 1 741 J, vice Stradling, 
decmsed . . . . , ./ 

Hon. Herbert Windsor [afterwards Baron 

Mountjoy, &c., peerage of Ireland] 1734 

Herbert Mackworth, Esq. \yice Windsor, 
who succ. to the peerage as Baron 
Mountjoy] 1739 

Herbert Mackworth, Esq. [the same ; son 
of Sir Humphrey Mackworth, Knt., 
of Gnoll] 1 741 

Thomas Edmonds, Esq. [no place sped- 
fied — probably of Cowbridge— the 
same with the Under- Sheriif of 1753. 
Of this family possibly is the Rev. 
Thomas Edmondes, M.A., at present 
Vicar of Llanblethian-cum-Cow- 
bridge] 1747 

Herbert Mackworth, Esq. [the same as 

for 1 741 and 1761] .... 1754 

GEORGE III. 

Herbert Mackworth, Esq., of Gnoll . 1 761 

Herbert Mackworth, Esq. [of Gnoll ; son 
of the member last given ; was member 
also in 1774, 1780, and 1784 ; cr. a 
baronet 1776; </. 1792] . . 1 768— 84 

Hon. John Stuart [Lord Mount-Stuart, 
eldest son of John, 4th Earl of Bute, 
and 1st Marquess of Bute ; tn. Eliza- 
beth, dau. and sole h. of Patrick 
Crichton, Earl of Dumfries] . . 1790 

Lord Evelyn James Stuart, vice Stuart 



A.D. 

deceased [3rd son of 1st Marquess of 
Bute ; b. in 1773 ; Col. in the army ; 
d. 1842] 1794—6 

Lord William Stuart [Capt. R.N. ; brother 

of the member for 1794— 1796] . i8ox — 18 

Lord Evelyn James Stuart [vice Stuart 

deceased; same as member for 1 794 — 6] 1 814 

Lord P. James H. C. Stuart [brother of 
Evelyn James, last member; contested 
with Frederick Wood ; for Stuart, 
45 ; Wood, 17] . . . 1818 

GEORGE IV. 

Wyndham Lewis, Esq. vice Lord James 
Stuart, retired [of Green Meadow, 
was opposed by E. Ludlow, but after 
six days' contest was returned by a 
considerable majority ; was afterwards 
member successively for Aldburgh 
and Maidstone ; he d. 1838, and 
his widow, Mary Anne, dau. of John 
Evans, Esq., of Brampford Speke, 
Devon, m., 1S39, Benjamin Disraeli, 
Esq., M.P. (now Right Hon.), col- 
league with Mr. Lewis, in 1837, in the 
representation of Maidstone] . . 1820 

Lord P. James H. Crichton-Stuart [same 

as member for 1818] . . . 1826^32 

John Nicholl, Esq. [gained election against 
I-^rd James H. C. Stuart ; votes for 
Nicholl, 342 ; for Stuart, 191] . . 1832 

John Nicholl, Esq. [on appointment to be 

Judge Advocate-General] . . 1841 

Rt. Hon. John Nicholl .... 1847 

Walter Coffin, Elsq., of Llandaff [son of 
late Walter Coffin, Esq., of Bridgend ; 
had a contest with Rt. Hon. John 
Nicholl, D.C.L. ; obtained a majority 
of 26] 1852 

Col. James Frederick Dudley Crichton- 
Stuart [eldest son of the late Lord 
Patrick James Herbert Stuart, brother 
of the late John, 2nd Marquess of 
Bute ; is cousin of the present mar- 
quess] 1857 

Is the present sittittj^ member^ 1872. 



3. — Members of Parliament for Swansea and Contributory Boroughs down to 1872. 

Swansea, notwithstanding its great population and importance as the largest corporate 
town and port in the county, had not the privilege of sending a representative to Parliament 
till 1832, when the Reform Bill conceded to it this justice. 

Once, indeed, before — during that brief period of exceptional administration inaugurated 
by the Commonwealth and by Cromwell — Swansea had sent a delegate to Parliament. That 
delegate was William Foxwist^ a member of a Cheshire family residing at Carnarvon (Dwnn, 
Herald, Visit, 11, 286), and a Judge of Great Sessions in Wales. We find some few other 
facts of his history previous to the year of his membership for "Swansea." His name 



PARLIAMENTARY ANNALS OF GLAMORGAN. 



153 



is given in Browne IViliis (Not, Pari.) as serving for Carnarvon Town in 1640, the first 
year of the " Long Parliament " of Charles I., " in the room " of " William Thomas, 
EsqV of Aber, who had either been "deceased or displaced" between 1640 and 1653, 
the latter being the date of Cromwell's " Little " Parliament. He also served for the 
CO. of AfigUsey^ as colleague of George Twistleton, another Cromwellite, in the " Bare- 
bones" Parliament of 1654. In 1658-9 he appears at Swansea. That he was a political 
Republican, and an Independent in ecclesiastical polity — two things which by no 
means go together as a rule — is likely enough, and that he was a staunch friend of the 
Cromwellian cause is morally certain, for he was a commissioner for Carnarvon in 1657 to 
raise money for the Protectorate, and in a place of honour in the grand funeral procession 
of Cromwell, along with Waiter Cradocky and Serjeant Seys (of Boverton), Edmundy Lord 
Thomas (of Llanfihangel), and Philipy Lord Jones (of Fonmon). See Francis's Charters 
of Swansea, His arms were : Arg,y on a chevron sa, a mullet pierced of the field hetw, 3 
crosslets fitchees sa, 

RICHARD CROMWELL, LORD PROTECTOR. 



A.D. 



William Foxwist, Esq. [of what place not stated 1658-9] 



A.D. 
WILLIAM IV. 

John Henry Vivian, Esq. [First enfran- 
chisement of the borough under the 
Reform Act. Registered voters, i, 307. 
Mr. Vivian chosen without a contest] 

John Henry Vivian, Esq. [registered voters, 
1,322] 

VICTORIA. 
John Henry Vivian, Esq. [registered voters, 

1,349] 1837 

John Henry Vivian, Esq. [r^. voters, 

1,447] "841 



X832 
1835 



John Henry Vivian, Esq. [reg. voters, 1 , 563] 1 847 
John Henry Vivian, Esq. [reg. voters, 1 1694] 1 854 
Lewis Llewelyn Dillwyn, Esq. . . 1855 
[w«Mr. Vivian, deceased. Mr. Dillw3m 
has continued without interruption to 
represent Swansea to the present time. 
Thus the constituency has escaped a 
contest, and has only had two mem- 
bers since its creation as a parlia- 
mentary borough by the Reform Act 
of 1832] 

Tlu silting member^ 1872. 



^.—Members of Parliament for Merthr Tydfil District, 

The District of Merthyr, the great centre of iron and coal operations, having rapidly 
grown in wealth and population, was conceded by the Reform Bill of 1832 the parliamentary 
franchise. In 1831 the population of Merthyr was 22,083. In 1861 the population of the 
Parliamentary District, including Aberdare, was 83,875. In 187 1 it had risen so high as 
96,891. 



A.D. 
Josiah John Guest, Esq., of Dowlais 

[registered votes, 502] . . . 1832 
Josiah John Guest, Esq. [reg. votes, 564] 1835 
Josiah John Guest, Esq. [reg. votes, 582. 

Contest between Guest and J. B. 

Bruce. Voted for Guest, 309 ; for 

Bruce, 135] ..'... 1837 
Sir Josiah John Guest, [cr. Baronet 1838. 

On the register this year, 760] . . 1 841 



Sir Josiah John Guest, Bart [reg. voters, 
822] 

Henry Austin Bruce, Esq. \vice Guest, 
dec, now (1872) the Right Hon. H. 
A. Bruce, Secretary of State for the 
Home Department. See Bruce of 
Dyffryn\ 



A.D. 



1847 



1852 



Merthyr Tydfil having by census of 186 1 a population of 83,875, is empowered to send 
to Parliament henceforth two representatives. The representation was contested in 1868 with 



«54 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



the following result :— Richard Fothergill, Esq. {local ironmaster), 7,439 votes; Henry 
Richard, Esq., of London (Secretary of Peace Society), 11,683 votes; ^/. JFTon. H. A. 
BrucCy 5,776 votes. Mr. Bruce was eventually elected for Renfrewshire. 

A.D. 

Richard Fothei^ll, Esq., of Abemant House • ) 1868 

Henry Richard, Esq., of London • I 

The sitting Members, 1872. 



Section X.— THE LORD LIEUTENANTS OF GLAMORGAN, 

AD. 1660— A.D. 1872. 

The office of Lord Lieutenant — the sovereign's representative in counties in matters 
pertaining to their military arrangements— was brought into full maturity at the Restoration- 
In the time of Elizabeth, a class of magistrates, invested in crises of danger with extra- 

I 

ordinary powers, did the work of calling forth and arraying the military forces of their 
county. In still earlier times " Commissions of Array " were issued to muster and arm the 
different districts. The right of the Crown to issue such commissions was denied by the 
Parliament, and constituted one of the great questions in debate between the Commons 
and Charles I. But with his assumption of power at the Restoration, Charles II. was allowed 
to exercise this right to the full (14 Car. II., cap. 3). The duties of Lord Lieutenants and 
their Deputy Lieutenants have been defined in the various Militia Ac/s, but the functions of 
their office have been in a great degree curtailed by the Army Regulations of 1872. 



Lord Lieutenant, 

Carbery, Richard Vaughan, 2nd Earl of, of Golden Grove, Carm. 
Carbery, Richard Vaughan, l'2arl of, (the same) reappointed 
Carbery, Richard Vaughan, Earl of,( the same) do. 
Worcester, Henry Somerset, 3rd Marquess and 7th Earl of. 



He was styled 



(^. 1733) 



Beaufort, Henry Somerset (the same), cr. Duke of, 1682. 

President of Wales " (*^. 1699) .... 
Macclesfield, Charles Gerartl, 1st Earl oi[d, 1694) 
Pembroke and Montgomery, Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl ot 
Bolton, Charles Paulet, 3nl Duke of, (</. 1754) 
Plymouth, Other Lewis Windsor, 4th Earl of, {d, 1 771) 
Mount-Stuart, John, I^ord, afterwards ist Marquess of Bute 

Bute, John Stuart, 4th Earl of 

Bute, John Crichlon Stuart, 2nd Marquess of, and Custos Rotul., {d, 1848) 
Talbot, Christopher Rice Mansel, Esq., M.P., (and Custos Rotul.) . 

Present Lord Ltattenanty 1 872. 



Lord 



Date of Appoininuni, 
A.D. 

i8th Sept., 1660. 
22nd Dec, 1 66a 

19th July, 1662. 

20th July, 1673. 

28th March. 1685. 
22nd March, 1689. 

iith May, 1694. 
22nd March, 1728. 

6th Nov., 1754. 
22nd March, 1772. 

19th Dec. 1794. 

2nd June, 181 5. 
5th May, 1848. 



Section XL— BISHOPS OF LLANDAFF FROM THE CONQUEST TO 1872. 

\T7u See had already existed about 600 years,'] 



Appointment, 

A.D. 

1059 Herewald (a Saxon) \ d, 1103 ; consec. 1059 ; 

[The sec vacant four years.] 
1 108 Urban, Archdeacon of LlandafT; consecrate^ 
loth August, 1108 ; ^. 1 133. 
[The see vacant «x years.] 
1 1 39 Uhtred ; consecrated 1 139; d. 1148. 



Appointmettt. 

A.D. 

1 148 Galfrid, followed Uhtred 1148; d. 1153. 
1x53 Nicholas ap Gwrgant; (a Welshman); d, 

1183. 
1185 William de Salso Marisco; d. eirca 1191. 

was bishop when Giraldus Cambr. visited 

Llandaff (see p. 73). 



MM 



lUSHOPS OF LLANDAFF. 



'55 



Appointment. 

1196 Henry, Prior of Abergavenny ; d. 12 18. 
12 19 William, Prior of Godcliffe ; d. 1240. 
[See was now vacant about four years.] 
1244 William de Burgh, Chaplain to the King 

(Henry III.) ; consecrated 1244 ; d. 1253. 
1253 John de la Warr; elected 26th July, 1253; 

d. 1256. 
1256 William de Radnor; el. 30th July; d, 1265. 
1266 William de Breos, Prebendary of LlandafT; 

elected March, 1266; d. 19th March, 1287. 

[It is believed that no bishop was appointed between 
1287 and 1396, but Le Neve on the Authority of 
Prynne states that Philip de Staunton race in 
September. — 1287, Nicolas, P*erage,\ 

1296 John de Monmouth ; nominated March, 1295 ; 

consecrated February, 1296 ; d. 1323. 
1323 John de Elglescliffe ; translated from Comior, 

Ireland, September, 1323 ; d, 2nd January, 

1346. To succeed him, John Coventre was 

elected by the clergy, but rejected by the Pope. 
1347 John Paschall ; appointed 3rd June; d. nth 

October, 1361. 
1 36 1 Roger Cradock ; translated from Waterford, 

Ireland, 15th December, 1 361 ; d. 1382. 
1383 Thomas Rushooke, Confessor to the King 

(Richard II.); translated to the see of 

Chichester in 1386. 
1386 William de Bottlesham, titular Bishop of 

Bethlehem ; translated to Rochester in 1389. 
1389 Edmund de Brumfeld ; appointed 17th Dec. ; 

d. 1391. 
1393 Tideman de Winchcomb, Abbot of Beauly; 

appointed 5th July, 1393 ; translated to 

Worcester in 1395. 

1395 Andrew Barret ; appointed 25th August, 1395 ; 

d, 1396. 

1396 John Burghill, alias Bruchilla, Confessor to 

King Richard II.; appointed 15th June; 

translated to Lichfield and Coventry 1398. 
1398 Thomas Peverel ; translated from Ossory, in 

Ireland, 1398, and to Worcester in 1407. 
1408 John la Zouche ; appointed 7th June. 
1425 John Wells ; app. 9th July, 1425 ; d. 144a 
1 44 1 Nicholas Ashby, Prior of Westminster; </. 

1458. 
1458 John Hunden, Prior of King's Langley, Herts ; 

resigned some time before hb death. 
1476 John Smith ; appointed July, 1476 ; d, 1478. 
1478 John Marshal ; appointed 1 8th September. 
1496 ^John Ingleby, Prior of Shene; d. 150a 
1500 Miles Salley, or Sawley ; d, 15 16. 
1 5 16 George Athequa, de Attica, or Attien, a 

Spaniard ; was chaplain to Queen Katherine 

of Arragon. 
1537 Robert Holgate, Prior of Watton ; translated 

to York I oth January, 1545. 



Appointment. 

A.D. 

545 Anthony Kitchin, or Dunstan; d. Oct, 1566. 
567 Hugh Jones, "first Welshman appointed 

bishop of his church in almost 300 years. " 

(See p. 122.) 
575 William Blethyn, Prebendary of York; d, 

1590. 
591 Gervase Babington, Prebendary of Hereford ; 

translated to Exeter in 1595. 
595 William Morgan \thi Translator of the Bible 

into Welsh ; a native of Penmachno, Cam.] ; 

translated to St. Asaph 1601. 
601 Francis Godwin, Canon of Wells; translated 

to Hereford 161 7. 
617 George Carleton, translated to Chichester 1619. 
619 Theophilus Field; translated to St. David's 

1627. 
627 William Murray; translated from Kilfenora, 

Ireland. 
639 Morgan Owen ; elected March, 1639 ; d, 1645. 

\Tlu see is vacant about i^years."] 
660 Hugh Lloyd, Archdeacon of St. David's ; d. 

1667. 
667 Francis Davies, Archdeacon of Llandaff; 

elected 29th July, 1667; d. 15th March, 1674. 
675 William Lloyd, Prebendary of St. Paul's; 

elected 6th April ; translated to Peter- 
borough 1679. 
679 William Beaw ; consecr. 22nd June ; d. 1707. 
707 John Tyler, Dean of Hereford ; d. 1724. 
724 Robert Clavering, Canon of Christ Church, 

Oxford ; elected 1724; translated to Peter- 
borough 1728. 
728 John Harris, Prebendary of Canterbury; d. 

1738. 
738 Matthias Mawson ; transl. to Chichester 1740. 

740 John Gilbert, Dean of Exeter; translated to 

Salisbury 1 748. 
748 Edward Cresset, Dean of Hereford; d. 1755. 
755 Richard Newcome, Canon of Windsor ; trans- 
lated to St Asaph in 1761. 
761 John Ewer, Canon of Windsor ; translated to 

Bangor 1769. 
769 Hon. Shute Barrington, Canon of St Paul's ; 

translated to Salisbury 1782. 
782 Richard Watson (the eminent theologian). 

Archdeacon of Ely ; elected 1782 ; d, 18 16. 
816 Herbert Marsh (the eminent Biblical scholar) ; 

translated to Peterborough 1819 ; ^- ^^Z9* 
819 William Van Mildert ; translated to Durham 

1826. 

826 Charles Richard Sumner ; translated to Win- 

chester 1827. 

827 Edward Copleston ; appointed 1827 ; d. 1849. 
849 Alfred OUivant ; appointed 1849. Present 

bishop. 



l\ 



156 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Section XII.— THE MAGISTRACY OF THE COUNTY AND BOROUGHS 

OF GLAMORGAN, 1872. 

I. — County Magistrates. 



Bassett, Richard, Esq., Bonvilston. 

Batchelor, Sydney James, Esq., Penarth. 

Bath, Charles, Esq., Ffynone. 

Bath, Henry James, Esq., Swansea. 

Benson, Henry Roxby, Esq., Tyrllandwr. 

Benson, Starling, Esq., Fairy Hill. 

Berrington, Arthur V. D., Esq., Cefngola. 

Berrington, Jenkin Davies, Esq., of Pantygoitre. 

Biddulph, John, Esq., Svransca. 

Blosse, Ven. Archdeacon Henry Lynch, Bridgend. 

Booker, Thomas William, Esq., Velindre. 

Brogden, James, Esq., Tondu. 

Bruce, Alan Cameron, Esq., London. 

Bruce, Rt. Hon. Henry Austin, M.P., Duffryn. 

Bruce, Lewis Knight, Esq. , St. Nicholas. 

Bruce, Rev. William, St. Nicholas. 

Budd, James Palmer, Esq., Ystalyfera. 

Bute, John Patrick, Marquess of, Cardiff Castle. 

Calland, John Forbes, Esq., Gnoll. 

Cameron, Nathaniel Pryce, Esq., Swansea. 

Came, J. W. Nicholl-, Esq., D.C.L., St. Donat's. 

Cartwright, William Sheward, Esq., Newport. 

Clark, George Thomas, Esq., Dowlais. 

Corbett, John Stuart, Esq., Cogan. 

Crawshay, Robert Thompson, Esq., C)rfarthfa. 

David, Charles Williams, Esq., CaidifT. 

David, Evan Williams, Esq., Fairwater. 

Davies, Evan Jones, Esq., Merthyr. 

Davies, Joseph, Esq., Bedwas. 

Davies, Rees Edward, Esq., Mardy. 

Davis, David, Esq., Cwm. 

Davis, David, Esq., Maesyffynon. 

Dillwyn, Henry de la Beche, Esq. , London. 

Dillwyn, Lewis Llewelyn, £^., M.P., Hendrefoilan. 

Eaton, Robert, Esq., Bryn-y-mor. 
Edmond, William, Esq., Blaen-y-maes. 
Edmondes, Rev. Thomas, Cowbridge. 
Edwardes, Rev. Frederick Francis E., Gileston. 
Elliott, George, Esq., Aberaman. 
Evans, Henry Jones, Esq., Cardiff. 
Evans, Herbert Edward, Esq., Eaglesbush. 
Evani, Thomas John, Esq., Merthjrr. 

Falconer, Thomas, Esq., Co. Court Judge, Usk. 
Fisher, Samuel Sharpe Horman, Esq., Llw3mderw. 
Fothergill, George, Esq., Treforest. 
Fothergill, Richard, F^., M.P., Aberdare. 
Fowler, J. C, Esq. {Stipendiary for AfgrtAyr), Gnoll. 
Francis, George Grant, Elsq., Cae Bailey. 
Franklin, Richard, Esq., Clementston. 



Gibbon, John Samuel, Esq., Newton. 

Gilbertson, William, Esq., Pontardawe. 

Gough, Richard Douglas, Esq., Ynyscedwyn. 

Gould, Hubert Churchill, Esq., Ash HalL 

Grenfell, Pascoe St L^cr, Esq., Maest^ House. 

Griffith, Rev. David Hanmer, Cadoxton. 

Griffith, Rev. John, Merthyr. 

Griffiths, Rev. Walter, Dylais. 

Guest, Arthur Edward, Esq., Tynygiaig. 

Gwyn, Howel, Esq., Duffryn. 

Gwynne, Frederick Finines, Esq., New House. 

Hall, Richard, Esq., Baglan. 
Herbert, John Maurice, Esq., Co. Court yuafge. 
Homfray, John, Esq., Penlline Castle. 
Homfray, John Richard, Esq., Penlline Castle. 
Hutchins, Edward John, Elsq., Dowlais. 

Insole, James Harvey, Esq., Llandafil 

James, David W., Esq., Forth. 
James, John Williams, £lsq., Swansea. 
Jeffreys, John Gwyn, Esq., Gellygron. 
Jenkin, John Trevillian, Esq., Swansea. 
Jenkins, George Henry, Esq., Penlline. 
Jenkins, John Blandy, Esq., Llanharry. 
Jenner, Hugh, Esq., Wenvoe. 
Jenner, Robert F. Lascelles, Esq., Wenvoe. 
Johnes, John, Esq., Co, Court Judge^ Dolancothi. 
Jones, Robert Oliver, Esq. (Stipendiary)^ Fonmoa 
Castle. 

Knight, Rev. Charles Rumsey, Tythegston Coart. 

Lee, Rev. Henry Thomas, Dinaspowis. 

Lee, Vaughan Hanning, Esq., Lanelay. 

Lewis, Henry, Esq., Green Meadow. 

Lewis, James, Esq., Tydraw. 

Llewellyn, Edward Turberville, Esq., Hendresc3rtih«ii. 

Llewellyn, Griffith, Esq., Baglan. 

Llewellyn, William, Esq., Court Colman. 

Llewelyn, John Dillwyn, Esq., Penlle'igaer. 

Llewelyn, John Talbot Dillwyn, Esq., Ynysygerwn. 

Lloyd, Herbert, Esq., KillybebyU. 

Martin, William, Esq., Ynystawe. 
Mayberry, Rev. Charles, Penderyn. 
Moggridge, Matthew, Esq., Swansea. 
Morgan, Evan, Esq., St. Helen's. 
Morgan, Hon. Frederick Courtenay, Rnperra. 
Moigan, Hon. Godfrey Charles, Tredegar. 
Morris, Geoige Byng, Esq., Danygraig. 
Morris, Sir John Armine, Bart., Sketty Park. 
Morris, Robert Armine, Esq., Oystermouth. 
Morse, Thomas Robert, Esq., Glanog\*'r. 



THE MAGISTRACY OF GLAMORGAN. 



157 



NichoU, George Whitlock, Esq., Ham. 
Nicholl, John Cole, Esq., Merthyr-mawr. 

Page, Charles Harrison, Esq., LlandafT. 
Penrice, Thomas, Esq., Kilvrough. 
Phillips, Griffith, Esq., Whitchurch. 
Prichard, William, Esq., Crofta. 
Pryce, John Bruce, Esq., Duffryn. 

Randall, John, Esq., Neath. 

Randall, John Henry, Esq., Bridgend. 

Rhys, Rees Hopkin, Esq., Aberdare. 

Richards, Evan Matthew, Esq., M.P., Brooklands. 

Richards, Richard, Esq., Bellevue. 

Richardson, James Coxon, Esq., Glanyrafon. 

Richardson, John Crow, Esq., Pantygwydir. 

Rickards, Rev. Hely Hutchinson Keating, Landough. 

Rickards, Robert Hillier, Esq., Clifton. 

Roberts, Richard Thomas, Esq., Aberdare. 

Romilly, Edward, Esq., Porthkerry. 

Romilly, Frederick, Esq., Porthkerry. 

Rous, George Grey, Elsq., Courtyralla. 

Rowland, John Henry, Esq., Froodvale. 

Salmon, Thomas Deere, Esq., London. 

Salmon, William, Esq., Penlline Court. 

Smith, Charles Henry, Esq., Gwemllwynwith. 

Stacey, Francis Edmond, Esq., Landough. 

Strick, George Burden, Esq., West Cross. 

Struve, William Price, Elsq., Bridgend. 

Stuart, James F. Dudley Crichton, Esq., M. P., Cardiff. 



Talbot, Christopher Rice Mansel, Esq., M.P., Lor J 

LutUenant, Margam Park. 
Talbot, Theodore Mansel, Esq., Margam Park. 
Thomas, Charles Evan, Esq., London. 
Thomas, George Williams G., Esq., Coedriglan. 
Thomas, Hubert de Burgh, Esq., Llanblethian. 
Thomas, Iltid, Esq., Glanmor. 
Thomas, John B. D., Esq., Tregroes. 
Traheme, Anthony Powell, Esq., Broadlands. 
Traheme, George Montgomery, Esq., St. Hilary. 
Traheme, John Popkin, Esq., Coytrehen. 
Tredegar, Rt. Hon. the Lord, Tredegar Park* 
Turbervill, Thomas Picton, Esq., Ewenny Abbey. 
Tyler, Rev. Roper Trevor, Llantrithyd. 
Tyntc, Charles Kemeys Kemeys, Esq., Cefn-Mably. 

Vachell, Frederick Charles, Esq., Highmead. 
Vivian, Arthur Pendarvis, Esq., M.P., Craigavon. 
Vivian, Henry Hussey, Esq., M.P., Parkwem. 
Vivian, William Graham, Esq., Singleton. 

•Walter, James, Esq., Ffynonc, Swansea. 
Williams, Charles Henry, Esq., Roath. 
Williams, David Evan, Esq., Hirwain. 
Williams, Rev. David Watkin, Fairfield. 
Williams, Evan, Esq., Duffryn Ffrwd. 
Williams, Evan Thomas, Esq., Duffryn. 
Williams, George Croft, Esq., Llanrumney. 
Williams, Gwilym, Esq. {Stipendiary), Miskin Manor. 
Williams, Morgan Stuart, Esq., Aberpergwm. 
Wilson, Charles Thohias, Esq., Brynnewydd. 
Wood, Edward Robert, Esq., StouthalL 



Clerk of the Peace, Thomas Dalton, Esq. 



2. — Borough Magistrates. 
Justices of the Peace for the Borough of Cardiff^ 1872. 



Charles Williams David, Esq., Mayor, 

Robert Oliver Jones, Esq., Stipendiary Magistrate. 

William Thomas Edwards, Esq., M.D. 

William Done Bushell, Esq. 

Thomas Edward Heath, Esq. 

James Harvey Insole, Esq. 

George Bird, Esq. 

James Pride, Esq. 



William Alexander, Esq. 
Griffith Phillips, Esq. 
William Bradley Watkins, Esq. 
Edward Stock HUl, Esq. 
George Johnson, Capt. R.N., Esq. 
Henry James Paine, Esq., M.D. 
Samuel Nash, Esq. 
Alexander Bassett, Esq. 



Justices oftJu Peace for the Borough of Swansea^ 1872. 



The Mayor and Ex-mayor for the time being. 
Starling Benson, Esq., of Swansea 
George Grant Francis, Esq., of Cae Bailey 
James Walters, Esq., of Fynone . 
Evan Mathew Richards, Esq., of Swansea 
John Williams James, Esq., of Swansea 
Michael Martin Williams, Esq., of Swansea 
John Biddulph, Esq., of Dderwenfiiwr . 
Trevor Addams Williams, Elsq., of Clyncollen 
Silvanus Padlcy, the younger, E.<iq. , of Swansea 



A.D. 

1836 
1855 

1855 
1855 
1855 
1855 
1857 
1859 

X859 



A.D. 

John Crow Richardson, Esq., of Uplands . 1859 

John Oakshot, Esq., of Swansea . 1859 

William Henry Michael, Esq., of Swansea . i860 

Jeremiah Clarke Richardson, Esq., of Swansea 1868 

William Henry Forester, Esq., of Swansea . 1868 

Sydney Hall, Esq., of Swansea . . 1868 

Geoi^ Browne Brock, £lsq., of Swansea . 1868 

Thomas Phillips, Esq., of Swansea . . 1868 

John Trevillian Jenkin, Esq., of Swansea 1S68 

Mr. George Bowen, Attomey-at-Law, Clerk 1866 



158 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Section XIII.- PORTREEVES AND MAYORS OF SWANSEA, 

A.D. 1600 — A.D. 1872. 



Owen Phillippe . 
William Fleminge 
William John Harry 
Jenkin Franklin . 
William John Harry, 
John Thomas Bevan 
John David Edwards 
William Watkins 
John Daniel 
John David Edwards, 
George Herbert, Esq. 
John Robartes . 
William John Harry 
John David . 
John David 
Henry Fleminge . 
John Daniel 
Walter Tliomas . 
William John Harry 
John David 
Owen Price 
Mathew Franklin 
John Daniel 
Harry Vaughan . 
John William John 
Owen Price 
Henry Fleminge . 
Walter Thomas . 
Rice David . 
Patrick Jones 
Mathew Franklin 
John Bennett 
John Williams . 
Rice David 
Francis Affter 
David Jones 
Patrick Jones 
Mathew Franklin 
John Williams . 
Patrick Jones 
Mathew Franklin 
Lewis Jones 
John Williams 
Patrick Jones 
Mathew Franklin 
Lewis Jones 
John Williams . 
Patrick Jones 
John Daniel 
John Bowen 
William Bayly . 
Mathew Franklin 
Lewis Jones 
Mathew Davies . 



Deputy 



Deputy 



A.D. 
600 
601 
602 

603 

604 
605 
606 

607 



Portreeves. 



Thomas Williams 
John Daniel 
WUliam Bayly . 
Lewis Jones, Mayor 
John Daniel, Mayor 
William Bayly, Mayor 
Thomas Williams, Mayor 
William Jones 
Leyson Seys 
Ditto 



608 Isaac Affter 

609 Ditto 

610 William Vaughan 

611 William Bayly 

612 Lewis Jones 

613 I Isaac Aflfter 

614 Robert Jones 

615 Gamaliel Hughes 

616 William Thomas 

617 I David Bevan 

618 Lewis Jones 



619 
620 
621 
622 
623 
624 
625 
626 
627 
628 
629 
630 
631 
632 

633 

634 

635 
636 

637 
638 

639 
640 

641 

642 

643 
644 

645 

646 

647 

648 

649 

650 

651 



Isaac Affler 
William Herbert, Esq 
Robert Jones 
Gamaliel Hughes 
William Thomas 
Thomas Phillip>s 
Ditto 
Ditto 
Ditto 
Ditto 
Ditto 
Ditto 
Ditto 
Ditto 
Ditto 
Gamaliel Hughes 
Owen Rogers 

Ditto 
Jenkin Jones 
William Seys 
Edward Mansell, Esq. 

Ditto 
John Franklin 
William Seys, Esq. 
George Rice 
Owen Rogers 
John Reece 
David Jones 
Jenkin Jones 
Lewis Thomas 
Walter Hughes 
Gabriel Powell 
Christopher Rogers 
Griffith Phillips . 



A.D. 

652 David Thomas, Gent. . 

653 , Griffith Phillips, Gent. 

654 John Rice . 

^55 Joseph Ayrei, Geot. . 

656 Jenkin Jones, Gent. • 

657 Gabriel Powell, GenL 

658 Walter Hughes, Gent. 

659 Ditto 

660 Abraham Ayres, Gent. 
66x Anthony Cnpitt, Gent. 
66a Richard Parry, Gent. . 

663 Griffith Phillips, Gent. 

664 John Mansell, Gent. . 

665 Walter Hughes, Jan., Gent 

666 Walter Hughes, Gent. 

667 Robert Rogers, Gent. . 

668 David Thomas, Gent. . 

669 William Phillips, Gent 

670 Gabriel Powell, Gent. 

671 Walter Hughes, Gent. 

672 Robert Hughes, Gent. 

673 Abraham Ayres, died . 

674 Walter Vaughan, Gent. 

675 Walter Vaughan, Gent. 

676 John Mansell, Gent. , 

677 William Watkins, Gent. 

678 John Powell, Esq. 

679 Walter Hughes, Gent. 

680 Walter Vaughan, Gent 

681 John P'rance, Gent. 

682 John Moigan, Gent. . 

683 Walter Vaughan, Gent. 

684 Hugh Powell, Gen., . 

685 Gabriel Powell, Cent. . 

686 John Mansell, Gent. . 

687 John Collins, Gent. 

689 John Powell, Gent. 

690 John France, Gent. 

691 Richard Powell, Gent. 

692 John Powell, Gent. . 

693 John Whitney, Gent. . 

694 Edward Phillips, Gent. 

695 John Morgan, Gent. . 

696 Hugh Powell, Gent. . 

697 Walter Vaughan, Gent. 

698 John Collins, Gent. . 

699 John Jenkins, Gent. . 

700 Hopkin Walter, Gent. 

701 Christopher Rogers, Gent. 

702 John France, Gent . 

703 James Thomas, Gent. . 

704 Walter Vaughan, Gent. 

705 John Collins, Gent. . 

706 John Jenkins, Gent. . 

707 Hopkin Walter, (Jent. 



\ 



A.D. 

1706 

1709 

I7IO 

I7II 

I712 

»7i3 

1714 
1715 

1716 

1717 
1 718 

1719 

1720 

1721 

1722 

1723 
1724 

"725 
1726 

1727 

1728 

1729 

'73t> 
»73i 
1732 
»733 
«7S4 
1735 
1736 

»737 
1738 
"739 
1740 

1741 
1742 

1743 
1744 

1745 
1746 

1747 
1748 

»749 
1750 

1751 
1752 

«7S3 
»754 
»7SS 
1756 

»757 
1758 

1759 
1760 

1 761 



^h. 



i^A^^iAyAMM 



PORTREEVES AND MAYORS OF SWANSEA. 



159 





A.D. 


Phillip Rogers, Gent. . 


. 1 761 


Christopher Rogers, Gent. 


■ ) 


John, Gwyther, Gent. . 


• } 1762 


James Thomas, Gent. . 


.) 


James Thomas, Gent. . 


1763 


David Vaughan, Gent. 


1764 


Robert Ball, Gent. 


1765 


William Davies, Gent. 


1766 


Thomas Maddocks, Gent. . 


1767 


Williams Powell, Gent. 


1768 


William Jeffreys, Gent. 


1769 


Iltid Thomas, Gent. . 


. 1770 


Phillip Rogers, Gent. . 


1771 


James Thomas, Gent. . 


1772 


William Davies, Gent. 


1773 


Thomas Maddocks, Gent. 


. 1774 


Gabriel Jeffreys, Gent. 


1775 


Gabriel Powell, jun., Gent. . 


• 1776 


William Jeffreys, Gent. 


1777 


Thomas Powell, derk . 


1778 


Iltid Thomas, Gent. . 


1779 


WUliam PoweU, Gent. 


1780 


Philip Rogers, Gent. . 


1781 


Prichard Rowland, Esq. 


1782 


Ditto . . . . 


1783 


Thomas Maddocks, Gent. . 


1784 



Thomas Maddocks, Gent. 
Gabriel Jeffreys, Gent. 

Ditto 
John Roberts, Gent. . 
Griffith Jenkin, Gent. . 
William Grove, Gent. . 
Thomas Morgan, Esq. . 
William Jeffreys, Gent. 
Rowland Pritchard, Esq. 
William Jones, Esq. 
Gabriel Powell, Gent. 
Gabriel Jeffreys, Gent. 
Thomas Powell, clerk 
Thomas Maddocks, Esq. 
Griffith Jenkin, Esq. 
William Grove, Esq. 
Thomas Morgan, Esq. 
Charles Collins, Esq. 
John Jeffreys, Esq. 
William Jeffreys, Esq. 
Rowland Pritchard, Esq. 
William Jones, Esq. 
Gabriel Jeffreys, Esq. 
Griffith Jenkin, Esq. 
Sir John Morris, Bart. 
William Grove, Esq. 



A.D. 

1785 John Morris, Esq. 

1786 Charles Collins, Esq. 

1787 William Jeffreys, Esq. 

1788 John Jeffreys, Esq. 

1789 John Grove, Esq. 

1790 Rob. Nelson Thomas, Esq 

1 79 1 Thomas Edw. Thomas, Esq, 

1792 William Grove, Esq. . 

1793 Griffith Jenkin, Esq. . 

1794 > John Jones, Esq. . 

1795 Jo^ Charles Collins, M D 

1796 William Grove, Esq. . 

1797 Calvert Rich. Jones, Elsq. 

1798 Richard Jeffreys, Esq. . 

1799 Lewis Thomas, Esq. . 

1800 i Gabriel Powell, Esq. . 

1801 ; Sir John Morris, Bart. . 

1802 ! John Grove, Esq. 

1803 I Thomas Thomas, Esq. 

1804 I Charles Collins, Esq. 

1805 Thomas Grove, Esq. 

1806 Thomas Edw. Thomas, Esq 

1807 Silvanus Padley, Esq. . 

1 808 Calvert Rich. Jones, Esq. 

1809 ' Ditto, re-elected till Nov 
i8ioi 



A.D- 

[811 

[812 

[8IS 

[814 

(8IS 

[816 
[817 

[818 

[819 
[820 
[821 
[822 

1823 

[824 
[825 
[826 
[827 
[828 
[829 
[830 

[831 

[832 

t833 
1834 

t835 



(Mayors hereafter take the place of Portreeves^ 



Nathaniel Cameron, Esq. 


. 1835 


Michael J. Michael, Esq. 


. 1848 


Ditto 


. 1836 


Christopher James, £lsq. 


. 1849 


Richard Mansel P., Esq. 


. 1837 


Owen Gething W., Esq. . 


. 1850 


John Grove, Esq. 


. 1838 


Thomas Edward T., Esq. 


. 185 1 


Lewis Weston Dillwyn, Esq 


. 1839 


John J. Strick, Esq. . 


1852 


Mathew Moggridge, Esq. 


1840 


George Grant Frands, Esq 


. 1853 


Richard Aubrey, Esq. 


. 1841 


J. Trevillian Jenkin, Esq. 


. 1854 


Geo. Gwynne Bird, Esq. 


18^2 


Evan M. Richards, Esq. 


. 1855 


Starling Benson, Esq. . 


. X843 


John Oakshot, Esq. . 


. 1856 


John Richardson, Esq. 


. 1844 


William H. Michael, Esq. . 


. 1857 


Charles H. Smith, Esq. 


. 1845 


J. Trevillian Jenkin, Esq. , 


. 1858 


Timothy B. Essery, Esq. 


1846 


Thomas Ed. Thomas, Elsq. 


. 1859 


L. Llewelyn Dillwyn, Esq. . 


1847 


John Crow Richardson, Esq. 


i860 



J. Trevillian Jenkin, Esq. 
Evan M. Richards, Esq. 
Charles Bath, Esq. 
J. Clarke Richardson, Esq. 
George B. Strick, Esq. 
Thomas Phillips, Esq. . 
George B. Brock, Esq. 
Charles T. Wilson, Esq. 
John Jones Jenkins, Esq. 
Washington Brown, Esq. 
John Glasbrook, Esq. . 



1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871-72 



CLAMOHGANSHIRE. 



Note on CromweWi Cfiafier, 1655. 

Under the ycai* 1655-8 in the above list it is naticeabtc that the title "Portreeve" was changed 
into " Mayor." This was in virtue of (he charter granted by Cromwell in 1655, which in its preamble says : — 
*'WhereBsourt3wnof Swanzey, in our C3. of Glamorgan, within our dominion of Wales, is an ancient port town, 
and populous, situate on the sea-coast towards France, convenient for shipping and resiiting foreign ioTasions, 
and time out of mind halh been a town corporate, ' &c., &c. Il then ordains that "the town shall be for ever 
hereafter adjudged a free lown and borough, and thai *' the people therein dwelling, and hitherto called and 
known by Ihe name of Perirtevt, Aldermen, and Burgesses, &c., shall from henceforth and for ever be, 
continue, and remain one Body Politique and corporate in deed and in name, by the name of Mayor, 
Aldermen, andBui^esses of the 'town of Swanzey.' " The Protector then nominates "our well-beloved Lewii 
yones, now Portreeve, to be the first and present Mayor ;" "our right trusty and well-beloved Councillor, 
FhUip yams, to be first and present U'gi Sleutird ; our wcll-beioved Rsiiiland Dawkint, Lewis Jones, John 
Bowen, Henry Fleming, John Bennett, John Daniel, William Bayley, Mathcw David, Thomaa Wiuiuni, 
V/illiam Vaughan, William Jones, and Robeit Jones, to be the first and present twelve Aldmnat;" "out 
beloved "jokn Price, Esq., Evan Evan I^ewis, John Matthew, David Griffiths, Jcnkin Phillip, Thoma* <%illip, 
David Bayley, John Williams, John Daniel, John Simond, John Richard, artd Thomas Dolltn, to be fint and 
present twelve Capital Biirgeitei ;" and "oar welt-beloved John GiUs, Ksqaire. to be lint and present 
Rtcarder. " • 




CanuRoti StBl nl gfioaxHa, Temp, fitns golin. 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



BUTE, John Fatriok Criohton-Stnart, 3rd 
Hariiuess |^,_Gai^ Castle. 

Cr. Marquess of Bute and Earl of Windsor 
(Gt Brit.) 1796; Earl of Dumfries (Scot) 
1633; Lord Crichton (Scot.) 1488; Vis- 
count Kingarth and Earl of Bute (Scot.) 
1703; Lord Mount-Stuart (Scot.) 1761; 
Baron Cardiflf of Cardiflf Castle (Gt. Brit) 
1776; a baronet 1627. Knight of the 
Holy Sepulchre, and Grd. Cross of the 
Roman Order of St. Gregory ; hereditary 
keeper of Rothesay Castle, which belongs 
to the Crpwn ; hereditary Sheriff of Bute- 
shire ; only son of John, 2nd Marquess 
(d, March 18, 1848), and his second wife, 
Sophia Frederica Christina, dau. of ist 
Marquess of Hastings ; b. at Mountstuart, 
Isle of Bute, 12th Sept, 1847; ed, at 
Harrow and Ch. Ch., Oxon. ; s. on the 
demise of the 2nd Marquess, i8th March, 
1848; m,y April 16, 1872, to the Hon. 
Gwendaline Mary Anne {b, 1854), eldest 
dau. of Edward George Fitzalan, ist Baron 
Howard of Glossop, Derbyshire, by 
Augusta, only dau. and h. of the Hon. 
George Henry Talbot,^ and niece of the 
17 th Earl of Shrewsbury. 

Lord Howard, cr. Baron Howard. of Glossop 
1869, is 2nd son of Henry Charles, 13th Duke of 
Norfolk, Premier Duke and Hereditary Earl 
Marshal of England, by Lady Charlotte Sophia 
Leveson-Gower, eldest dau. of George, ist Duke of 
Sutherland. The Howards are held to be of Saxon 
rather than of Norman origin ; but first came into 
prominent notice temp. Edward L, when William 
Howard (see Dugdale) was Chief Justice of the 
Common Pleas, and held large possessions in the 
CO. of Norfolk. 

Heir presumptive : Lieut. -Col. Crichton- Stuart, 
M. P. for Cardiff, his ist cousin. 

Residences: Cardiff Castle, Glamorgan ; 
Mountstuart, N.B. ; Dumfries House, N.B. 

Town Address : Carlton Club. 

Arms : Quarterly, quartered : 1st and 4th 
grand quarters ; 1st and 4th, or, a fesse, cheeky 
arg. and az., within a double tressure floiy 
counter-flory gu. — Stuart ; 2nd and 3ta, 
arg., a lion rampant az. — Crichton : 2nd 
grand quarter, the arms of IVittdsor : 3rd grand 
quarter, per pale az. and gu., three lions rampant 
arg. — Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. 

Crests: ist, a demi-lion rampant gu., over it 
the motto, Nobilis est ira leonis — Stuart ; 2nd, a 



dragon vert, flames issuing from the mouth — 
Crichton; 3rd, a wyvem vert, holding in the 
mouth a sinister hand couped at the wrist - 
Herbert. 

Supporters : Dexter, a horse arg. bridled gu. ; 
sinister, a stag ppr. attired or. 

Motto : Avito virfet honore. 

LINEAGE. 

This noble family, in the male line, derives its 
descent from John, Sheriff of Bute 1400, nat. son of 
Robert II. of Scotland. Its entrance into Wales 
is of recent date, through marriage into the line of 
Herberts, Lords of Glamoi^n. For a history of 
the Lords and lordship of Glamorgan, see, ante, 
Robert Fitzhamon, Earl of Gloucester; The De 
Clares ; The Despencers ; The Beatuhamps ; The 
Nevilles, &c. For the Herberts, see Earl of 
Pembroke and Powis, Herbert of Llanarth, &c. 

Lady Charlotte Herbert, dau. and heiress of 
Philip, 7th Earl of Pembroke, married Thomas, 
Viscount Windsor (Irel.), brother to the ist Earl 
of Plymouth. Charlotte, dau. and heiress of the 
2nd and last Visct. Windsor, and as such heiress 
of Cardiff Castle and estates, married, Nov. 12, 
1766, John, 4th Earl of Bute, afterwards 1st 
Mar(|uess of Bute. 

William Herbert, son of Sir Richard Herbert, 
Kt., of Ewyas, by Margaret, dau. and heiress of 
Sir Matthew Cradock, Kt., of Swansea (see 
Cradock of Swansea), m. Anne, dau. of Thomas, 
Lord Parr, sister of Catherine Parr, Henry VlII.'s 
last wife, and was created by that king, 155 1, 
Baron Herbert of Cardiff, and Earl of Pembroke, 
He obtained from the same king, and m>m Edward 
VI., the lordship of Glamorgan. Sixth in descent 
after William was Philip, 7th Elarl, above named. 

The issue of the marriage of his granddau. 
Charlotte with John, ist Earl of Bute, was— 

1. John, the heir, b. 1767, but d. 1794, during 
the lifetime of his father; m., 1792, Elizabeth, 
dau. and h. of Patrick Crichton, Earl of Dumfries, 
and left by her — 

(i) John, who became 2nd Marquess of Bute. 

(2) Patrick James Herbert, whose son. Col. 
James Fredenck Dudley Crichton, is present 
M. P. for Cardiff, and heir presumptive to the title. 

2. Herbert Windsor, b. 1770, d. 1825. 

3. Evelyn James, b. 1773, M.P. for Cardiff in 
several parlts. {d, 1842), usually called *'Lord 
James Stuart.** 

4. Charles, served in the navy ; lost at sea 1796. 

5. Henry, b. 1777, m Gertrude Amelia, dau. 
and h. of George Villiers, Earl Grandison, and had 
issue ; d. 1809. 

6. William, b. 1 778, Capt. R.N. ; iw., and had 
issue a dau., who d. unm. 

7. George, b, 1780; entered the navy, became 
Rear- Admiral and C.B. ; m., and had issue. 

8. Maria Alicia Charles, m, to Charles Pinfold, 
Esq. ; d, 1 841. 

9. Charlotte, m. to Sir W. J. Homan] Bart. 



l62 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



By a second marriage 1800 (with Frances, dau. 
of Thomas Coutts, Esq., Lord Bute had additional 
issue: — 

1. Dudley Coutts, who m. Christ. Alexandrine 
^gyp'^ dau. of Prince Lucien Bonaparte, of 
Canino. 

2. Frances, m, to Dudley, Viscount Sandon. 
John, 2nd Marquess of Bute, ICT., F.R.S., 

&C., J., 1803, to the Earldom of Dumfries, and in 
1814, on the death of his grandfather, to the 
Marquisate of Bute ; m. 1st, 18 18, Lady Maria 
North, dau. of George, 3rd Earl of Guilford (she 
d, 1 84 1, 5, p.); 2nd, April loth, 1845, Lady 
Sophia Christina Hastings, as above, and had 
issue an only child, — 

John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, the present 
Marquess, as above. 

Note. — For a sketch of the history of Cardiff Castle, 
sec pp. 3, 81, &c. ; and for Caerphilly Castle, see 
p. 75, et passim. It is believed that the ancient 
•* keep " of Caixiifr Castle is a remain of the first 
erection by Fitzhamon. Great part of the present 
residential castle was built by Beauchamp, Earl of 
Warwick, temp. Henry VI. (see The Beauchamps) ; 
but it has been added to at different periods, and 
largely remodelled and renovated by the late Marquis 
of Bute. It has recently received and is in process of 
receiving extensive additions from the present noble 
owner — notably a campanile of great height and 
beauty, and its precincts are made more roomy and 
convenient. 

The great docks of Cardiff, called the "Bute 
Docks," were commenced by the enterprise of the 
late Marquess, carried on by nis trustees, and are still 
in course of augmentation under direction of the 
present Marquess, to whom they entirely belong. 

BASSET, Rioliard, Esq., of Bonyilston House, 
Glamorgan. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
Major I St Glam. R. V. ; son of the late 
T. M. Basset, Esq. (d, 1840), of Bonvilston 
House f^. 1820; w., 1843, Ann Maria, 
dau. of John Homfray, Esq., of Penlline 
Castle, CO. of Glam., and has issue. 

Heir: John Richard, b. 1 839. 
Residence : Bonvilston House, near Cowbridge. 
Arms: Are., a chevron between three bugle- 
horns stringed sa. 

LINEAGE. 

This family is a branch of the Basset house of 
Beanpr^, originating in Thomas Bassett, youngest 
son of Jenkin, and brother of William Bs^t 
(Sheriff for Glamorgan A.D. 1557) above named. 
Thomas Bassett m. Uie heiress of Llantrithyd, and 
the fiimily for two or three generations resided there. 
The present Richard Basset, Esq. , of Bonvilston 
House, is 1 1 th in descent from Thomas Bassett above 
named. 



BASSET, William W'JBt James, Esq,, of £eaii- 
pre, Olamorga n M/e. 

A Major in the army; was Capt. 74th 
Highlanders ; son of the late Col. William 



Bruce, KLH., of the 79th Highlanders, by 
Isabella, 3rd dau. of Col. Thomas Basset, 
by Elizabeth, dau. of Alexander Cruik- 
shanks, Esq., of Aberdeen ; d. 1830 ; w., 
1862, Eliza, dau. of Richard Weekes, Esq., 
Barrister-at-law, and has issue ; succ to the 
Beaupr^ estate, entailed upon him, on the 
death, 1865, of his aunt, Mrs. Basset, 
widow of Capt Richard Basset, of Beaupr^, 
his mother's brother, and thereupon assumed 
the surname Basset instead of Bruce. 

Heir : William Richard, b. 1863. 

Residence: Beaupr6, near Cowbridge. 

Arms : The Basset arms are — Arg., a chevron 
between three biigle-homs stringed sa. 

Crest : A stag's head cabossed. 

Motto: Gwell angau na chywilydd, "Better 
death than shame." 

LINEAGE. 

The Bassets have been in Glamorganshire in all 
probability since the time of the conquest of the 
lordship by the Normans, when Sir John Basset 
was vice-comes to Fitzhamon, and received, as is 
believed, the mesne lordship of Maes-Essyllt, or 
St. Hilary, which then or soon after received the 
N. -French name of Beau-pri, "fair meadow." 
The name Basset is found in the various rolls of 
Battle Abbey as that of one of the Conqueror's 
knights at the battle of Hastings ; and although 
the Beaupr6 Basset cannot be distinctly traced 
to this man, he was at no great distance from him, 
and from the post of honour he filled under Fitz- 
hamon may reasonably be conjectured to be of 
his family. (See Beaupri Castle. ) 

The first Bassets of B^atipr^ of whom we have his- 
toric certainty (probably son and grandson of the 
vice-comes just mentioned) wclhe RsQph and his son, 
Richard de Basset, temp. Henry II. , both successively 
Lords Justiciaries of England. Of the former of these, 
Ordericus Vitalis rather severely remarks that he 
was one of those "persons of low origin " whom 
for their obsequious services the king raised to 
the rank of nobles, taking them so to speak from 
the dust, exalting them above earls and distinguished 
lurdo of castles, &c. {JUb. XL, cap. ii.). At the 
same time, if his father or near relative was vice- 
comes under Fitzhamon, this account is scarcely 
faithful. 

William Basset, Elsq., of Beaupr6, about ninth 
in lineal descent from Sir Ralph, was Shenff of 
Glamorgan A.D. 1557 (see Sheriffs'). His grand- 
son Ri(£ard filled the same office 1590 and 1608; 
and Richard's grandson William in 162 1. Wil- 
liam's eldest son, — 

Sir Richard Basset, Kt., of Beaupr6, Sheriff of 
Glam. 1 64 1, m., ist, Mary, dau. of Edmund 
Thomas of Wenvoe, by whom he had a son, Wil- 
liam, who m. and d. s. p. ; 2ndly, Elizabeth, dau. 
of Edward Van, E^q., of Marcross, and had a 
son, — 

Sir Richard Basset, Knt., of Beanpr^, who, by 
his wife Priscilla, dau. of Philip Jones, Esq., of 
Fonmon (see yones of Fonmon), had with other 
issue two sons, Philip and Richard, and three daus., 
who were all married. The line of Basset of Beau- 
pr6 is continued through the grandson of Richard 
Thomas Basset, Esq., an officer in the army, who 
m., ;790, Mar^^au. of .Alexander Cruikshanks, 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



163 



Esq., of Aberdeen, and had, with other issue, a 
son, Richard Basset^ Esq., late of Beaupr6, and a 
dau. , Isabella^ m, to Major William Bruce, K. H. , 
whose son William, on inheriting after the demise 
of his uncle Richard, who d. 1842, and of his 
aunt, Richard's widow, who d. 1856, assumed the 
name Basset, and is the present — 

William West James Basset, of Beaupr6, 
as above. 



BATH> Charles, Esq., F^one House, Glamor- 
ganshire. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan ; Capt 4th 
Glam. Rifle Volunteers ; Mayor of Swan- 
sea 1864 ; Knight of the Sardinian Order 
of SS. Maurice and Lazarus ; member of 
Swansea School Board, &c. ; younger son 
of the late Henry Balh, Esq., of Swansea ; 
(see also BatA of AUtyferitiy co. Carm.,) 
b. at Swansea, January 15, 1832; ed, at 
private schools, Swansea and Falmouth ; 
w., August 12, 1856, Emily Elizabeth, 
youngest daughter and co-hdress of John 
Lucas Popkin, Esq. 

The Popkins were an ancient Glamorganshire 
family of Ynystawe and Forest, on which patri- 
monies they continued for many generations (see 
Popkin of Ynystawe^ &c. ). In junior branches they 
were also of Danygraig and Llysnewydd, but 
all gradually became extinct. (See **J. H.'s" 
MS., pp. 40—43 ; and D. Jenkin*s MS., apud Col. 
Francis, pp. 149 — 152.) John Popkin, about the 
end of the i8th cent., m, Sophia Laugharn, gr. 
granddau. of Arthur Laugham, Esq., who was 
descended paternally from the Lau^ams of St. 
Bride's, Pembr., and m. Elizabeth, dau. of David 
Owen, Esq., of Henllys, Pembr. (stt Laugharn oj 
St. Brid/Sf and Owen of Henllys), Arthur Laug- 
ham bore on his shield the arms of Laugham (gu. , 
3 wolves' heads erased or, in a bordure), impaling 
those of Owen of Henllys (a boar arg. chained to 
a holly tree proper). See TmzvtxiX. pedigree of Laug- 
hams, &c, in the possession of Charles Bath, Esq. 
John, son of John Popkin and Sophia Laugham, 
m, Barbara Ann Lucas ; and his son, John Lucas 
Laugham, by his wife, Livia Wozencraft, had 
three daus., Mary Ann {m. Rev. Lewis Morgan), 
Sophia (w. J. C. Richardson, Esq.), and Emily 
Elizabeth, as above. 



Residence: Ffynone House, Swansea. 

Arms : Gu., a chevron paly of six arg. and or, 
between three plates, on a chief or three wolves' 
heads erased sa. 

Crest: A wolfs head erased, gorged with a 
collar vair, holding in the mouth a rose slipped 
proper. 

Motto : Habere ct dispertire. 



BEAUPOET, Duke of, flenry Charles Rtzroy 
Somerset 

(See Btaufort, Duke of, Troy Housi, co. of 
Monmouth.) 



BETAN, Robert Cooper Lee, Esa., of Eosbnry, 
ierks, and Trent Park, Imfleld. 

Justice of the Peace for Middlesex; a 
banker, city of London ; eldest son of the 
late David Bevan, Esq., of Fosbury, Wilts, and 
Belmont, Herts, who d. 1 846 (see Lineage); 
b. Feb. 8, 1809, at Walthamstow, Essex ; 
ed, at Harrow and Trinity Coll., Oxon. ; 
m.y ist, Feb. 28, 1836, Lady Agneta Eliza- 
beth Yorke, only dau. of Admiral Sir Joseph 
Sydney York, K.C.B., and sister of Charles 
Philip, 4th Earl of Hardwicke ; she had 
precedence as an earl's daughter granted 
her by royal warrant, dated loth Feb., 
1836 {b. 9th Dec, 181 1 ; d. July 8, 1851); 
and was buried at Trent Park, Enfield ; 
2ndly, Emma Frances Shuttleworth, eldest 
daughter of the late Bishop of Chichester ; 
s. 1846 ; has issue 7 sons and 6 daughters 
by both wives. 

Heir: Sydney Bevan, b. 6th Oct., 1838, in 
York Terrace, Regent's Park ; baptized 2 1st 
April following, at Trent Church, Enfield. 

Residences: Fosbury, Hungerford, Berkshire; 
Trent Park, Enfield, Mid. 

Town House : 25, Princes Gate, Kensington, 
S.W. 

Arms: Quarterly : 1st and 4th, ermine, a bull 
passant gu. between three annulets of the same, 
two in chief, one in base— Bevan ; 2nd and 3rd, 
az., three bars engrailed or, over all a bend 
lozengy arg. and gu. — Lee. 

Crest: A wyvem or, sem^ of annulets, holding 
in its claws two annulets gu. 

Mottoes : Non sine industrid ; Deus prsesidium. 

LINEAGE. 

This ancient family derives its descent from 
lestyn ap Gwrgant, the last Prince of Glamorgan, 
son of GwTTgant ap Ithel, Prince of Glamorgan, 
who lived in Cardiff Castle circa a.d. 1030, and 
Gwladus, daughter of Ednowen Bendew, Lord of 
Tegeingl (part of the present Flintshire), founder 
of one of the fifteen tribes of North Wales, iith 
century. 

PATERNAL DESCENT. 

lestyn ap Gwrgant, Prince of Glamorgan, m. 
Denis, dau. of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Prince of Powys ; 
2ndly, Angharad, dau. of Elystan Glodrudd, Prince 
of Ferlex, by whom he had — 

Caradog ap lestyn, Lord of Avan, who m. 
Gwladus, dau. of Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Tewdwr, 
Prince of South Wales. His son, — 

Morgan ap Caradog, Lord of Avan, m. Gwen- 
llian, dau. of Ifor Bach, Lord of Caerphili (see 
Ivor Bach), and had issue Morgan Gam ap Morgan 
ap Caradog, Lord of Avan, whose son, — 

Morgan Fychan ap Morgan, Lord of Blaenbag- 
Ian (near Aberavon, Glam.), m. Elen, dau. of Howell 
Fychan, Lord of Cilfai, and had a son',— - 

Rhys ap Morran Fychan, of Blaenbaglan, who 
m. the dau. of Griffith ap Ivor, and' had issue — 

Leyson ap Rhys of Blaenbaglan. Hem. Gwladus, 



N 



164 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



dau. of Howell ap Griffith Fychan ap Griffith-Gwyr, 
Lord of Gower. The issue of this marriage was 
the well-known — 

Evan ap Leysan of Blaenbaglan, who m. Jennet, 
dau. of Gwilym ap Howel Fychan ap Howel Melyn. 
Hopkln ap Evan ap Leyson of Blaenbaglan, in. 
Gwladus, dau. of Jenkin ap Rhys Fychan. Their 
son, William ap Hopkin of Blaenbaglan, in. Lucy, 
dau. of Hopkin Lewellyn Lloyd of Llangynwyd. 
Their son, — 

Hopkin ap William of Blaenbaglan, m. Gwyrfil, 
dau. of Jenkin Rhys ap Jenkin of Glyn-n6dd (Vale 
of Neath), and left a son, — 

David ap Hopkin of Blaenbaglan, after of Cwrt- 
y-Bettws, who m, Elen, dau. of Henry Fychan. 
Their son, — 

Jenkin ap David of Cwrt-y-Bettws, or Bettws 

Court, in the hamlet of Penisa'r-coed (** lower 

woodland"), in the parish of Cadoxton, near 

Neath, m, Mary, dau. of Jenkin ap Rhys, and 

left a son, — 

Thomas ap Jenkin, who by his wife, Gwladus, 
dau. of Lleyson ap Rhys, had a son, — 

Hopkin ap Thomas, who m. Angharad, dau. of 
Thomas ap Lleweljrn. Their son,— 

David ap Hopkin, m. Mary, dau. of Evan ap 
Llewelyn. Their son, Hopkin ap Davydd, w. 
Siwan, dau. of Rhys Gethin ; and their son, — 

Thomas ap Hopkin, m. Sarah, dau. of Meredydd 
Ddu ("the black"). Their son, William ap 
Thomas, ni. Elizabeth, dau. of Davydd Llwyd, 
whose son, Owen ap William of Cwrt-y-Bettws, m. 
Gwenllian, dau. of Rhys ap Evan. Their 2nd 
son, Evan ap Owen, m. Jennet Morgan, and left 
a son, — 

Jenkin ap Evany otherwise Jenkin Bevan. 

Jenkin Brvan^ of Rhosilly, in Gower, co. of 
Glamorgan (who first settled this surname Bevan\ 

m. Elizabeth, dau. of Rev. Peter , afterwards 

Rector of Rhosilly. His 3rd son, — 

William Bevan, of the town of Swansea, co. of 
Glamorgan, became a Quaker {d. 5th Dec, 1702, 
act. 75 ; buried in the Friends* Burial-ground, 
Swansea. Will is dated 7lh Jan., 1700; codicil, 
6th June, 1701. Proved 24th Feb. following at 
Carmarthen). His wife was named Priscilla, and 
she was buried with her husband. His son, — 

Silvanus Bevan^ E^q., of the town of Swansea, 
was 4th but 2nd survivmg son ; b. 9th Aug., 1 66 1; 

f roved his father's will as above in 1701 [d. 4th 
)ec., 172$ ; buried at Swansea ;) m. 14th Feb., 
1685, Jane, dau. of William Phillips of Swansea ; 
d. 14th Nov., 1727. His 4th son, — 

Timothy Bevan^ Esq., of Hackney, co. Middle- 
sex (^. 2nd July, 1704; d. 12th June, 1786), w., 
8th Sept., 1735. at the •* Bull and Mouth," Elizabeth, 
dau. of David Barclay, Esq., of London ; d. 30th 
August, 1745, aet. 32, at Hackney. His son, — 

Silvanus Bevan^ Esq., of Fosbury House, co. 
Wilts, 3rd but eldest surviving sdn and heir {b. 
3rd Oct., 1743 ; d. 2Sth Jan., 1830, aet. 87 ; buried 
at St. Nicholas, Brighton), by his second wife, 
Louisa Kendall {b. 1749; w-« 23rd Sept., X773i 
at St. Giles's ; d. 1838 ; buried at St. Nicholas, 
Brighton), had, with other issue, — 

David Bfuan^ Esq., of Fosbury House, co. 
Wilts, of Trent Park, Enfield, Middlesex, and of 
Belmont, Herts, his eldest son and heir ; b. 
6th Nov., 1774 {d. at Belmont, 24th Dec, 1846, 
set. 72 ; buried at Trent Church). He «., 30th 
April, 1798, at St. Marylebone, Favell Bourke, 
only dau. and only child that left issue of 
Robert Cooper Lee, Esq., sometime of the island 
of Jamaica, and afterwards of Bedford Square, St. 



Pancras, co. of Middlesex. She d, asth August, 
1 841, aet. 60, and was buried in Trent Church, 
Enfield. His eldest son and heir is — 

Robert Cooper Lee Bevan, Esq., of Fos- 
bury House, CO. Wilts, and of Trent Park, Enfidd, 
CO. Middlesex, as above. 



There is also another branch of the Bevan 
family through the common ancestors, Silvanus 
Bevan of Swansea, and Jane, dau. of William 
Phillips, of the same place. 

Paul Bevan^ of the town of Swansea, 5th and 
yoimgest son of the above Silvanus Bevan {b. 19th 
Dec, 1705 ; d. 9th Jan., 1767, aet. 61); «., 9th 
^^y« 1754) Elizabeth, eldest dau. of Richard and 
Esther Phillips of Swansea {d, 15th May, 1 77 1, aet. 
47). He left a son, — 

Silvanus Bevan^ co. Glamorgan {b, 13th Sept., 
1758; d. 15th July, 1783 ; buried at Swansea), 
who w., 17th Nov., 1780. Mary, dau. of Edward 
and Anna Fox, of Wadebridge, co. Cornwall {d, 
1787; buried in Cornwall). By her he left a 
second and only surviving son, — 

Paul Bevan y Esq., of Tottenham, Middlesex {b, 
30th Aug., 1783 ; d. 1 2th June, 1 868), who »f., 
1st, 24th Oct., 1804, Rebecca, dau. of Jasper and 
Anne Capper, of London, who d. 9th >fov., 1817 ; 
2ndly, May, 183 1, Judith Nicholls Dillwyn, who d. 
27th June, 1868. He left issue surviving by the 
1st wife, — 

1. William Bevan, Esq., of the Old Jewry, 
city of London, and St. Stephen*s Square, Bays- 
water, solicitor, now living. 

2. Samuel Bevan^- Esq., of Rosewood, Pang- 
bourne, Berks, now living. 

3. Mary, only dau., m. to Alfred Waterhouse, 
Esq., of Whiteknights Park, Reading, Berks. 

BIDDULPH, John, Esq., of Swansea, Glamorgan. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
2nd son of the late John Biddiilph, Esq., 
of Ledbury, and brother of the late Robert 
Biddulph, Esq., of Ledbury, M.P. for the 
city of Hereford; b, 1804; m, the only 
dau. of the late William Chambers, Esq., 
of Llanelly ; was formerly of Dderwen, 
near Swansea. 

Note. — The Biddulphsof Ledburyhavebeen resident 
upon their estate there from the time of Anthony 
Biddulph, who was Sheriff for the co. of Hereford 
in 1694. They were descended from the Biddulphs 
of Elmhurst, circa 155a (See further, MydcUlton 
Biddulph of Chirk Castle, ) 

BLOSSE, Yen. ArcM. Eemy Lyncli, KewoasUe 
House, Olamorgansnire. 

Archdeacon of Llandaff ; M.A. ; Preb. of 
Caerau in Llandaff Cathedral 1859 ; Vicar 
of Newcastle, Dio. of Llandaff, 1839; Surro- 
gate and Rural Dean ; J. P. for the co. of 
Glamorgan; is patron of the livings of 
Bishton, Kilgwrrwg, Llanvihangel Tor y 
Mynydd, St. Lythan's ; son of the late Sir 
Robert Lynch Blosse,Bart, of Castle Carra, 
CO. Mayo, and brother of the present Sir 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Robert of the same place; 6. 1814, at 
Gabalva, near Cardiff; erf. at Trinity Col- 
lege, Dublin; gr. A.B. 183S. M.A. i860; 
«., in 1843, to Charlotte Fanny, daughter 
of Rev. Robert Knight, Tythegston Court, 
Glam. ; has issue 4 sons, 5 daughters. 

//fir: Robert Charles Lynch Blosse. *. 1848. 
Raijenca: Newcastle Hoase, Bridgend; the 
Canonry, L'andaff. 1 

AtoUe: Nee temere nee limide. 

BOOEEE, Thomas William, Esq., of Telindre, I 
QlamorgansMis. 

J. P. and D, L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; j 
son of the late Thomas William Booker 
Blackmore, Esq., M.P. for Herefordshire, I 
who assumed the surname Booker in place I 
of his own of Blackmore ; *. at Velindre, ! 
1830; m., 1861, Caroline Emily, daughter I 
. of the late Robert Lindsay, Esq., ofGlan- 
afon ; has issue six daughters. 

Rfsidince: Velindre, Carditf, Glamornnshire. I 

Arms: Per pale, or and vert, an eagle displayed 
within a bordure charged wilh four rounddi and 
four fleurs-de-lis all eounlerchanged. 

Crtst : On a wreath of the coloura, a demi- 
eagle displayed or, in the beak ■ fleur-de-lis vert. 

MbUb : Ad ccelum tendit. 

Nott. — VdiHdre is a local name whoie etymology 
is clear and significant, but whose form has been 
■lightly marred by a provincial more than by an 
English pronunciation. The name, signifying the 
"mill-house," or '■ mill-residence " (W., mjAn— hill, 
»v— abode), should of course terminate with an;, but it 
it usually spelled Velindra. 

BRO&DEN, Alexander, Es^., of Cortrelteii, Qla- 
moTganahira 

M.P. for Wednesbury (elected 1868); a 
magistrate for -the county of Lancaster ; 
eldest son of the late John Brogden, Esq., 
of Sale, near Manchester, by Sarah Hannah, < 
daughter of Alexander McWilliams, Esq. ; ' 
b. at Sale, 1835 ; ed. at King's College, 
London; m., 1848, Anne, daughter of the \ 
late James Garstang, Esq., of Manchester, ! 
and has issue one son and one daughter. 

Hrir: James Garttang Bnwjen, *. 18^0. 

Raidencis : Coytrcbbi House, Bridgend ; 
Lightbume House, Ulveraton ; Holm I&land, 
Grange, Lancashire. 

Tbwh Addrat: 6, Belgravc Mansions, S.W. ; 
Reform Club, S.W, 

Aryts: Quarterly I lstBnd4th, gu., fretty arg., 
a cMef or— Brogden ; and and 3nl, az., three 

lozenges or ' " ' ' ' 

engrailed— 

Crat! From a dncal crowi 
balding ■ rose proper. 

MfUe : Constant «t lidelii. 



I IfoU.—Coytrtktn (Cttd-lrt-hht), "the ancient 
wood-house,'' like Tond<i, belonged in the 17th and 
' 18th centuries to the influential family of the Powells. 
■ The modem spelling is marred especially by a 
' terminal e, «'hich disguises the etymological signifi- 
caney of the word. The W. htn, with the vowel 
lengthened, and sounded like a in mane, gives the 
I meaning of "old" or "ancient," As a malter of 
! linguistic accuracy it is of use that local names should 
be preserved as far as possible in their integrity. 

BRO&DSN. James, Eb^., of Tandd, Etlamargaa- 
aEiia 

Justice of the Peace for the County of 
\ Glamorgan ; F.G.S. ; fourth son of the 
I late John Brogden, Esq., of Sale, near 
Manchester, by Sarah Hannah, dau. of 
Alexander McWilliaras ; b. at Manchester, 
1833 ; id. at King's College, London ; «., 
1859, Helen Milne, daughter of the late 
Captain Milne, of Aden; and has issue. 

//dr: Duncan Dunbar, *. 1861. 

RaidoKt: Tondfl House, Bridgend, GlamoiBan. 

Tuuin Addras : 4, Queen's Square, Westminster. 

Arms: Per pale: </<rjftrr,gu., fretty arg., a chief 
or — Brogden ; sinister, quarterly, — 1st and 4th, 
per bend are. and gu , 3 roses counterchanged ; 
" ' ■ ird, g '■ - 



and and %iS, gu., a lion rampant or, on a chief 
<r embattled, two Cornish choughs ppr. 

Cral : Out of a ducal crown, a dexter hand 
md arm holding a rose-bud ppr. 

Meiie: Constans el fidelis. 

itt. — TeHd^ was well known in the lytb and tSih 
the residence of the Powell family of the 
linei^e of Powell of Ltaiydiartk and Coetrt-hin, from 
whom also came the Powellsof Bn/rvlyH. The Powells 
of TondQ supplied several sheriffs for the co. of Gla- 
morgan. They were of the sept of Einioii ap Collwjn. 
(See also Povxll of Maattg and Lian/iaran.) 



BBUGE, Biglit EoiL Honiy AosUn, of Tfjftrjn, 
Qlamorganshire. 

Called totheBarat Lincoln's Inn 1843; was 
appointed Police Magistrateat MerthyrTyd- 
fil; J.P. andD. I- for the co. of Glamorgan; 
M.P. for Merthyr 1852—1868; became 
Under Secretary for the Home Department 
1 86a; Vice-President of the Committee of 
Council 1864; Charity Commissioner, and 
Member of the Privy Council, 1864; M.P. 
for Renfrewshire 1868 — 1872!; Secretary 
for the Home Department 1869; second 
son of John Bruce Pryet, Esq., of Dyffryn, 
St Nicholas, co, of Glamorgan (son of 
John Knight, Esq., of Llanblethian), who, 
instead of his own surname, assumed that 
of Bruce, his mother's maiden surname (as 
did also his brother, James Lewis Knight, 
afterwards Lord Justice Sir J. L. Knight 
Bruce, d. 1867) ; and subsequently, on in- 
heriting under the will of TTiomas Pryce, 



i66 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Esq., of Dyffryn-Goluwch, that of Pryce; 
but was not herein followed by his 
sons, who have retained the surname 
Bnue ; b, 1815; m.^ ist, 1846, Annabella, 
dau. of Richard Beadon, Esq., of Clifton 
(she d, 1852) ; 2ndly, 1854, Norah, dau. 
of the late Lieut. -Gen. Sir William Napier, 
K.C.B., and has issue. 

Heir: Henry Campbell Bruce, b. 1 85 1. 

Residence: Dyffryn, near Aberdare. 

Tcwn House: I, Queen's Gate, W. 

Arms : 1st, gu. 3 chevrons arg. a crescent for 
difference — Pryce ; 2nd, or, a sal tire gu. on a 
chief of the last a martlet or— Bruce. 

LINEAGE. 
For lineage, see hereafter, Bruce Fryce of Dyffryn, 

CAENB, John Whitlock NiohoU-, Esq., of 
JDimlands and St. Donates Castle, 61a- 
morgansiiire. 

D.C.L., M.A. ; J. P. and D. L. for the 
CO. of Glamorgan ; Barrister-at-law (called 
to the Bar by the Society of the Inner Tem- 
ple, 1840), was on the Oxford and South 
Wales Circuits ; Chairman of P. Sessions ; 
late Commissioner in Bankruptcy ; Patron 
of St Donat's Vicarage, co. Glamorgan ; 
author of an " Essay on the Improvement 
of Time," and " The Art of Poetry; " son of 
the late Rev. Robert NichoU and Elizabeth 
Came, his wife, dau. and h. of Captain 
Charles Loder Came, KN., of Nash 
Manor ; b, at Dimlands (Glamorganshire), 
17th April, 18 16; ed, at Jesus College, 
Oxford; ^<z^. B.A. 1837, M.A. 1839, 
D.C.L. 1843; became F.S.A. 1848; m.^ 
loth April, 1844, Mary Jane, only dau. of 
Peter Whitfield Brancker, Esq., of Field 
House, Wavertree, Liverpool ; j. to Llan- 
twit estates 1849, Park Newydd, Llan- 
wonno, in 1854, St. Donat's estate 186 1, 
Nash 1869 ; has issue 2 sons and 4 daus. 
living (i son and 2 daus. dead). Eldest 
son was Edward Stradling Nicholl, b, 8th 
Sept., 1849; d. ist July, 1862. 

Heir: John Devereux Vann Loder, b. 1854. 

Residences : Dimlands, Cowbridge ; St. Donat*s 
Castle, Bridgend. 

Arms: Sa., 3 pheons aig., for NiCHOLL ; 
gu., pelican in her piety or, for Carne. 

Crest : On a tower, a Coniish chough, wings 
expanded ppr. — NichoU ; out of ducal coronet a 
pelican displayed with 2 heads — Came. 

Mottoes: En toute loyale. Heb Dduw heb 
ddim ; Duw a digon. 

LINEAGE. 

This family derives its descent from Ynyr, King 
of Gwent (9th cent), whose grandson Dyjrig^ or 
Devereux, who lived at the time of the Conquest, 
first assumed the name of Came, from a place 



called Pen Carne^ in Monmouthshire, where he 
was nurtured. It intermarried in early times with 
the families of Herbert, Mansel, Stradling, Berk- 
roUes, Loder, St. Maur, Gamage, De Lacy, Giles, 
Fleming, Whitlock, Poyntz, &c.; and among its 
distinguished members in past time may be named 
Sir Edward Came, of Ewenny (fifth in the Ewenny 
line, which began with Sir Edward, second son of 
Howel Came, of Nash), Commissioner for the 
Suppression of the Monasteries, temp. Henry VIII., 
and purchased Ewenny Abbey at its dissolution ; 
Sir Edward Came, of Nash, Teller of the Ex- 
chequer and Receiver-General for S. Wales ; Sir 
Augustine NichoU, Chief Justice ; Sir Bulstrode 
Whitlock, Judge of Common Pleas under the 
Commonwealth ; &c. 

Sir Edward Came, Kt., of Nash, just named 
(fifteenth in descent in the Nash senior line), m. 
Anne, fourth dau. of Sir Edward Mansel of 
Margam, and left a son and successor, William 
Came, Esq., who by his wife Jane, dau. and h. 
of William Thomas, Esq., of Llanfihangel (see 
Hiomas 0/ Uanjihangel)f left with other issue a 
son, — 

Thomas Came, Esq., of Nash, who m. Jane, 
dau. of Sir Edward Stradling, Bart., of St. Donat's. 
He was Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1690 (see Sheriffs^ 
where it will be seen that Cames of Ewenny were 
sheriffs in 1543, 1555, 1562, 1572, 1581, 1588, 
1601, 1620, &c.). His grandson, — 

Edward Came, Esq., of Nash, m, Grace, dau. 
of Edward Mathew, Esq., of Aberaman, Sheriff of 
Glam. 1693 (see Mathew 0/ Llandaff, Radir, Aber- 
aman, &c.), and had a laige family. His eldest 
son and heir was — 

John Came, Esq., of Nash, Sheriff of Glam. 
1731 ; m., July 8, 1728, Elizabeth, dau. and co-h. 
of Charles Loder, Esq., of Hinton. 

John Came Clerk, his eldest son (his second son. 
Rev. Edward Came, B.D., Rector of St. Athan's, 
d. unm. ; but his third son, Capi. Charles Loder 
Carne, R.N., m., and had issue Elitabeth^ of whom 
again), m. Eleanor his first cousin (dau. of Richard 
Camei Esq., fifth son of Edward Came, of Nash, 
and Grace nis wife above named), and had issue a 
dau. and only surviving child, Eleanor. He d. at 
Nash, 1798, at. 66. 

Eleanor Came, of Nash, ^.Nov. 18, 1769; m., 
Aug. 29th, 1798, Thomas Markham, Esq., of 
Cheltenham, and d. s. p. 1842, when the estates 
fell to Elizabeth Came above named, who m. as 
her second husband — 

The Rev. Robert NichoU of Dimlands, son of 
Whitlock Nicholl, Esq., of the Ham, co. Glamor- 
gan (of the family of Nicholl of Llantwit Major, 
descended from the Turbervilles — see Turbennlle of 
Coity)y who inherited in right of his wife, and 
assumed her surname of Came in addition to his 
own. He had, besides four daus. — Emma Anne, 
Anna Maria, Ellen Louisa, and Frances Susan, — 
two sons, — 

1. Robert Charles Nicholl-Carne, Esq., 
of Nash, J. P. and D. L. of co. Glamorgan ; called 
to the Bar; m., 1838, Sarah Jane, dau. and co-h. 
of Rev. N. Poyntz, M.A., of Alvescot House, 
Oxfordshire (she d. s.p. 1861). Mr. Nicholl-Carae 
d. s. p. 1869. 

2. John Whitlock Nicholl-CarWe, Esq., 
now of Dimlands, St. Donat's Castle, Nash, &c., 
as above. 

Note. — For a notice of .S"/. Donafs Castle, see under 
that title ante. Dimlands was altered and improved 
1850-1. The restoration of St. Donat's Castle, com- 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



167 



menced in 1861, is not yet quite completed. On the 
estate is Owrgant^ s-town^ once the seat of lestyn ap 
Gwi^nt, and several Roman and Danish encamp- 
ments. There was a monastery of Black Benedictines 
at Nash. 

GLAEE, Oeorge Thomas, Esq., of Dowlais House, 
Qlamorganslilre. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1868 ; Chair- 
man of Merthyr Board of Guardians; 
Hon. Col. of 2nd Adm. Bat. of Glamorgan 
Rifle Volunteers ; author of various papers, 
chiefly in antiquarian journals, History of 
Castle of St. Donat's, &c. ; son of the 
Rev. Geo. Clark, A.M., of Trin. Coll., 
Camb., by Clara, dau. of Thomas Dicey, 
Esq.; h, at Chelsea, 1809; ed, at the 
Charterhouse ; »i., in 1850, Ann Price, 
2nd dau: of the late Henry Lewis, Esq., of 
Park, CO. Glamorgan, and sister to Henry 
Lewis, Esq., of Greenmeadow, co. Glamor- 
gan ; has issue i son and i dau. 

Residences : Dowlais House, Merthjrr Tydfil ; 
Talygam, Cardiff. 

Arms: Gu., a fleur-de-lis or, in chief a canton 
ermine. 

Crest: A lion rampant or. 

Mottoes: ** Non major alio non minor ; ** over 
crest, "Try and tryst." 

LINEAGE. 

This family is of Staffordshire origin, descended 
from Joseph Clark, who was of Burton in 1500. 
Among its members have been various authors of 
more or less distinction, chiefly divines bearing the 
name of Samuel, of whom were the martyrologist ; 
the editor of an early and learned Harmony of the 
Gospels ; and Dr. S. Clark, of St. Alban's, author 
of the well-known "Promises of Scripture." For 
the Lewis lineage see Lewis of Greenmeadow^ 
Lewis of Van, &c. 

GOSBETT, John Stuart, Esq., Cogan Pill, 
Slamorganshire. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan ; son of the 
late Ven. Archdeacon Stuart Corbett, of 
York; b, 181 6, at Wortley, near Sheffield \ 
m.^ 1844, Miss Elizabeth Evan, of the 
Gothic, Radnorshire ; has issue three sons 
and one daughter. 

Heir: John Stuart. 

Residence : Cogan Pill, near Cardiff. 

Note. — Cogan Pillis an ancient mansion (recently 
restored and altered) which was built and for several 
generations inhabited by the Herberts. We have 
account that William Herbert, Esq., was Sheriff of co. 
Glam. 1551—1556, son of Sir George Herbert, Kt., 
of Swaii^ea, who was of Cogan Pill, and built the house 
there. This early structure appears to have been on 
an extensive scale, of superior construction, and in the 



Gothic style. During receqt alterations a fine Gothic 
arch, long filled up and plastered over, was brought 
to view, and has been carefully preserved. The 
mansion of Cogan Pill has descended, with the other 
estates of the Herberts in Glamorganshire, to the 
Marquess of Bute. 

GRAWSEAT, Bohert Thompson, Esq., of Gy- 
farthfa Castle, Slamorgaiishire. 

Son of the late William Crawshay, Esq., 
of Caversham Park, Berks, and Cyfarthfa 
Castle, Sheriff of Glamorganshire 1828-9, 
well known as the great ironmaster in South 
Wales; b, at Cyfarthfa, 181 7; w., 1846, 
dau. of N. N. Yeates, Esq., and has issue 
three sons and two daughters. 

Residences: Cyfarthfa Castle, Glam. ; Cathe- 
dine, Brec. 
Arms : A plough and dog, upon cannon balls. 
Motto: Perseverance. 

LINEAGE. 

This family derives its descent from the Craw- 
shays of Norman ton, Yorkshire. See further 
Cyfarthfa Castle. 

DAYIES, Bees Edward, Esq., of Qwaelod-y- 
&arth, Slamorganshire. 

A Barrister-at-law ; called at the Inner 
Temple 1864; J. P. for the co. of Glamor- 
gan; son of VVilliam Davies, Esq., of The 
Mardy, co. Glamorgan, by Mary, dau. and 
co-heir of Rees Davies, Esq., of Mirlanga ; 
b. at Gwaelod-y-Garth, Oct 25, iS^i\ed. 
at Christ Church, Oxford ; grad. B. A. and 
B.C.L. ; I St class in Law and Modem 
History; m.^ April 8, 1869, Florence, only 
dau. of the Rev. Robert Gandall, M.A., 
Laudian Professor of Arabic in the Uni- 
versity of Oxford, by Louisa, eldest dau. 
of Thomas Pearse, Esq., of Wamborough, 
Hants, and granddau. of the late Lord 
Charles Kerr ; s. on the death of his elder 
brother, 1859 ; had issue a dau., Gwendo- 
line, d. June 12, 1870. 

Heir presumpiii^: His brother, Augustus 
Richard, Lieut 22nd Foot 

Residence: Gwaelod-y-Garth, Merthyr Tjrdfil, 
Glamorganshire. 

Town Addresses : 4, Kind's Bench Walk, Inner 
Temple ; and New University Club, St. James's. 

LINEAGE AND HISTORY. 

The family continues in possession of the old 
estate upon which their ancestors resided for gene- 
rations. Of the two old houses, however, belong- 
ing to it, Mirlanga was abandoned in a ruinous 
state about 1 780 ; and The Mardv, built at a very 
early date, had not of late years been occupied by 
the family except at intervals, and in 1069 the 



i6S 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



remaining fragment was taken down. The 
estate, by gifts and devises, with their attendant 
litigation, has at different times been greatly 
curtailed. One of these devises was as early as 
1558 the subject of a suit in chancery. No 
addition to this property has been made since 1727, 
when some neighbouring farms were purchased by 
Thomas Lewis ap Richai^, of The Mardy. It was 
with his eldest son and heir, David ap Thomas, that 
the old Welsh intermittent system of name-giving 
ended, and the present surname of Davies (ap 
David) originated. From father to son the Mir- 
langa property descended in the male line until 
the death of Rees Davies in 1816. He by his wife 
Jane, dau. and subsequently heiress of Samuel 
Kees, Esq., left two daughters co-heirs. The 
elder, Margaret, m.y 1st, D. W. Meyrick, Esq , 
of The Gaer ; and 2nd, E. L. Richards, Esq., 
for many years Chairman of Quarter Sessions for 
Flintshire. By her death s. p. in 1845 her moiety 
of the estate passed to her sister Mary, owner 
and co-heiress of the other moiety. She in 1836 
m, William Davies, Esq. (see above), younger son 
of William Davies, Esq., of Pentremawr, and by 
him, who d. in 1848, and whom she survived but 
a fortnight, left issue surviving — 

1. William Rees D. Davies, d. unm. 1859. 

2. Rees Edward (as above). 

3. Arthur Rowland, of Christ Church, Oxford, 
d. unm. 1868. 

4. Augustus Richard, Lieut. 22nd Foot. 

DAVIS, David, Esq., llaes-y-Ffyiioii, aiamor- 
ganshlre. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan ; son of the 
late David Davis, Esq., of Blaen-gwawr, 
Aberdare; (a younger brother is Lewis 
Davis, Esq., of Preswylfa, Cardiff, and 
Brynderwen, Pontypridd ;) b. Sept 13, 
182 1 ; w., Nov. 3, 1846, to Caroline Jones, 
dau. of John Jones, Esq., Dowlais ; has 
issue I son and 3 daus. 

Residence: Maes-y-ffynon, Aberdare. 

DULWYIT, Lewis Uewelyn, Esq., of Eendre- 
foilan, Glamorganshire. 

M.P.for the Borough of Swanseasince 1855 ; 
F.G.S. ; J. P. and D. L. for co. of Glamor- 
gan ; Major Commandant 3rd Glamorgan 
Volunteer Rifles ; Director of the Great 
Western Railway Co. ; Chairman of the 
Directors of the Glamorganshire Banking 
Co. ; son of the late Lewis Weston Dill- 
wyn, Esq., J. P. and D. L. for the co. of 
Glam., Sheriff for the same 1818, and 
M. P. 1835-7, by Mary, dau. of the late John 
Llewelyn, Esq., of Penlle'rgaer ; b. May 
19, 1 8 14, at Swansea; ed, at Bath; m., 
1838, Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of 
Sir H. de la Beche, C.B., the eminent 
geologist ; has issue one son and three 
daughters. 

Heir: His son, Henry de la Beche Dillwyn, 
h. 1843. 



Residence : Hendrefoilan, near Swansea. 
Town Address : 10, Princes Terrace, S. W. 
Arms: Gu., on a chevron arg., three trefoils 
slipped of the first. 

Crest: A stag's head couped proper. 
Motto : Craignez honte. 

LINEAGE. 

This family derives its descent from Sir John 
Dilwyn, of Dilwyn, co. Hereford. The family 
afterwards settled at Langorse, Breconshire, and 
in 1699 William Dilwyn, the great -great-grand- 
father of the present representative, emigrated from 
Breconshire to Philadelphia ; his grandson, 
William Dillwyn, returned to England, and 
settled at Higham Lodge, near Walthamstow. 

DUirBA7£N, Windliani Thomas, 4th Earl of, 
Dunraven Castle, Qlamorgaiisliire. 

Baron Adare (cr, 1800) ; Viscount Mount- 
Earl {cr. 1816) ; Viscount Adare and Earl 
of Dunraven {cr. 1822), — all in the peerage 
Ireland ; Baron Kenry, of Kenry, in the 
Peerage of Great Britain (cr. 1866); a 
Baronet (cr. 1781). 

Was a Lieut, in the ist Life Guards, and 
Aide-de-camp to Lord Kimberley, Lord 
Lieut, of Ireland 1866; Lieut, in 4th 
Oxford R. v.; son of the late Edwin 
Richard Windham Wyndham Quin, 3rd 
Earl of Dunraven (d, 1872), M.P. for 
the CO. of Glamorgan 1837—51, by his 
wife, Augusta, dau. of Thomas Goold, 
Esq., a Master in the Irish Chancery 
(she d 1866); b. 1841 ; ed. at Chr. Ch., 
Oxon. ; «., 1869, Florence, dau. of Lord 
Charles Lennox Kerr, son of 6th Marquess 
of Lothian, by Emma Charlotte, sister of 
Sir John Hanmer, Bart., of Bettisfield, 
M.P. ; s. to the title, Dunraven estates, 
&c., on the demise of his father, 1872. 

Residences : Dunraven Castle, near Bridgend ; 
Adare Manor, near Limerick. 

Tozvn House : 5, Buckingham Gate. 

Arms : Quarterly, quartered : gr. quarters, 1st 
and 4th, vert, a pegasus passant ermine, a chief or 
— QuiN ; 2nd and 3rd, gu., a hand couped at 
the wrist, holding a dagger ppr., in chief two 
crescents arg.— O QuiN of Munster ; 2nd and 
3rd, az., a chevron between 3 lions* heads erased 
or— Wyndham. 

Crests: I. A wolfs head, couped arg.— C»«« / 
2. A lion's head erased within a fetterlock or-— 

Wyndham. 
Supporters: Two ravens ppr., collared and 

lined or. 

LINEAGE. 

Tbi? family in the male descent is of Irish 
linM^. Its connection with Glamorgan originated 
in the purchase of Dunraven from Sir George 
Vaughan (see Vaughan of Dunraven), 1642, by 
Humphrey Wyndham, Esq. (Sheriff of Glamoiigan 
1654), and the marriage of that gentleman with a 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



169 



Welsh lady of an ancient Cymric family, viz., Jane 
Came, of Ewenny (see Carne 0/ St. Donat*Sy ac), 
in 1656. His son, John Wyndham (d. 1697), was 
s. by his son Francis, who left an only dau , — 

Joan Wyndham, heiress of his estate, who m. 
Francis Wjmdham, Esq., of Clcar^-ell ; he m. 
secondly Catherine, dau. and h. of Sir Humphry 
Edwin, Kt., of Llanfihangel, near Cowbridge (see 
Thomcu of Uanfihangel). His son from the second 
marriage, Charles Wyndham, assumed his mother's 
maiden name of Edwin (see Pari. Annals for co., 
ann. 1780 — 89), and was s, by his son, — 

Thomas Wyndham, Esq., of Dunraven, M.P. 
for many years for the co. of Glam. (see Pari. 
AnnatSf 1789—1812). He left an only dau. 
and h., — 

Caroline Wyndham, who w., Dec, 1 8 10, 
Windham Henry (Wjrndham) Quin, Lord Adare, 
2nd Earl of Dunraven (d. 1850). He assumed 
thereupon the surname Wyndham prefixed to that 
of Quin^ and quartered the Wyndham arms. His 
son and succ, — 

Edwin Richard Wyndham, Viscount Adare, b. 
181 2, became 3rd Earl Dunraven, and left, with 
other issue, — 

Wyndham Thomas, 4th Earl, as above. 

nSEEB, Samtiel Sbarpe Eorman-, Esq., of 
Llwyii Derw, Qminorgaiishire. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan; second 
son of the late Roger Staples Horman- 
Fisher, Esq., of Bentworth Hall, Hants, 
and James Street, Buckingham Gate, 
London, by Elizabeth, his wife, dau. and 
h. of John Horman, Esq., of Finchley; 
b. 1823 ; m. Jane, second dau. of Robert 
Eaton, Esq., of Bryn-y-Mor,co. Glamorgan, 
and by her has issue i dau., — 
Margaret Jane. 

Residence : Llwyn Derw, near Swansea. 

Arms : Quarterly, ist and 4th, on a chevron, 
engrailed with plain cotises, between 3 demi- 
lions guardant gu., sach supporting between the 
paws a dexter gauntlet ppr., three bezants ; 2nd 
and 3rd, bendy of eight, or and az., per bend 
sinister, counterchanged, on a chief gu., a lion 
passant or : impaling in right of his wife, quar- 
terly, 1st and 4tn arg., in chief 3 escallop shells, 
a fesse az. ; 2nd and 3rd, arg., a lion rampant. 

Crest: 1st, issuant from a crown pallisado, or, 
a demi-lion guardant supporting a gauntlet, as in 
the arms ; 2nd, in front of a cross crosslet, gu., 
two Roman fasces, with the battle-axe in 
saltire, ppr. 

Mottoes : Sustento justitiam — HormaN ; Vir- 
tutem extendere factis — Fisher. 

LINEAGE. 

This family traces to an ancestor bearing the 
name Piscaior^ holding lands at the time of the 
Domesday survey in a mstrict since included in the 
county of Bedford. A branch settled at Alderways, 
in Staffordshire ; and from them were descended 
Sir John Fisher^ a Justice of the Common Pleas 
temp. Henry VIII., Sir Robert Fisher, Bart, of 
Packington, Warwickshire, and Sir Thomas Fisher, 
Bart., of St. Giles's, Middlesex, both of which titles 
became extinct. 



The branch from which Mr. Fisher of Llwyn 
Derw traces in direct line settled in the north of 
England. Joseph Fisher, son of Joseph Fisher of 
Cockermouth, Cumberland, had a son, — 

Robert Fisher, Esq., of Mitcham, Surrey, called 
to the Bar at the Inner Temple, and s. his elder 
brother, Josiah, 1806. By a first wife he had three 
sons, one of whom, Robert^ became of Chetwynd, 
Salop ; and by a second wife, Mary, dau. and h. of 
Baron Butz, a noble of Germany, he had three 
other sons, one of whom was — 

Roger Staples Fisher, Esq., of Bentworth Hall, 
Hants, who w., 1819, Elizabeth, dau. and h. of 
John Horman, Esq., of Finchley, and by her had 
several sons, the second being — 

Samuel Sharpe Horman-Fisher, as above. 

FOIEEB&ILL, Bicliard, Esq., of Abemant 
House, &laniorgaiislure. 

M.P. for Merthyr Tydfil (1868) ; J. P. and 
D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; is a large 
ironmaster at Aberdare, Penydarran, &c. ; 
eldest son of the late Rowland Fothergill, 
Esq.; b. 1822; x»., ist, 1847^ Miss Elizabeth 
Lewis ; 2ndly, 1850, Mary, dau. of W. 
Roden, Esq. A brother of Mr. Fothergill 
was the late Rowland Fothergill, Esq., of 
Hensol Castle, J. P. and D. L., Sheriff for 
the CO. of Glamorgan 1850 (see Hensol 
Castle), who d. 187 1 ; and a sister is Miss 
Fothergill, how residing at the same place. 

Residence: Abemant House, Aberdare. 
Town Address : I, Hyde Park Gardens. 

TOWLEE, John Coke, Esq., of Cfnoll, Glamor- 
ganshire. 

Deputy Chairman of the Glamorganshire 
Quarter Sessions; Stipendiary Magistrate 
for the Merthyr district; called to the Bar 
at the Inner Temple ; Author of " Church 
Pews, their Origin and Legal Incidents," 
" Collieries and Colliers," " Essay on 
Milford Haven," &c. ; son of William 
Tancred Fowler, Esq. ; b, at Derby, 1815; 
ed. at Rugby and Pembroke College, 
Oxford ; grad. B A. 1837 ; iw., ist, 1844, 
Augusta, dau. of John Bacon, Esq.; 2ndly, 
1850, Anna, dau. of Evan Thomas, Esq., 
of Sully and Llwyn Madoc; has issue 
three sons and four daus. 

Heir: John Bacon Fowler. 

Residences : West Gnoll, near Neatb ; and St 
David's Cottage, Merthyr Tydfil. 

Arms: Azure, a chevron arg. charged with 
three crosses form^e, sa., between three lions 
I)assant guardant or ; quartering three crescents 
and cross fleury. 

Crest : A cubit arm and hand, -nnth a falconer's 
lure. 

LINEAGE. 

This family derives its descent from the Fowlers 
of St. Thomas's, in the county of .^tafTord, and 



I70 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



through the grandmother of the above-named 
J. Coke Fowler from the Cokes of Trusley, the 
Wardes of Gyndale, in Yorkshire, the Fowlers 
of Harm^ge Grange, in the parish'of Cound, Salop, 
and the Fowlers of Abbey Cwm-nir, Radnorshire. 

TMKCIS, &eorge Srant, Esq., of Gae Bailey, 
Qlamorganshira 

F.S.A. of London and Scotland, and 
member of many learned societies at home 
and abroad ; Col. Commanding ist Gla- 
morgan Artillery Volunteers ; J. P. for the 
CO. of Glamorgan 1865, and for the 
borough of Swansea 1855 ') Vice-President 
of the Royal Institution of South Wales ; 
Mayor of Swansea 1853-54 ; Author of 
T/i^ History of Neath and its Abbey y 8vo., 
1 845 ; Hist, of the Swansea Grammar 
School^ 8vo., 1849 ; Hist, of Copper-Smelt- 
ing in Glamorganshire^ 8vo., 1867 ; Char- 
ters granted to Swansea^ with illustrations 
and notes, folio, 1867 ; Memoir of Sir Hugh 
fohnys^Kt.y 8vo., 1645 ; Lordship of Gower^ 
1870 ; and monographs on Welsh History 
and Topography; eld. son of Mr. John 
Francis; b. at Swansea, January, 18 14; 
ed. at the High School, Swansea ; iw., 
1840, Sarah, eldest dau. of John Richard- 
son, Esq., J. P., Mayor of Swansea, 1844 
(see Richardson of Paniygwydir) ; has 
issue three sons, John Richardson, George 
Grant, and AttwelL 

Heir: John Richardson, nu to Lucy Margaret, 
younger dau. of John Edwards, Esq., of Bramp- 
ton Bryan, Hereford (formerly High Sheriff of 
CO. of Radnor), and has issue Walter and 
Reginald. 

Residence : Cae Bailey, Swansea. 

Tmun Address: Pall MaU Club, Waterloo 
Place. 

Arms: As given by Papworth's ordinary of 
arms : Gu., on a bend or, 3 lions* heads erased 
ppr., between two bezants, for Francis (quarter- 
ing therewith Attwdl, Grants and Stuart), 

Crests: A lion statant ppr. for Francis; a 
burning mountain for Grant, * 

Mottoes : Spes mea in Deo ; Stand sure. 

LINEAGE. 

This family derives its descent from the Francises 
of Castle Cary, co. of Somerset, and the Grants of 
that ilk on the banks of Spey, Invemess-shire. 

Note,— Tht 1st Glam. ArtilL Volunteers— raised 
through Col. Francis's exertions in 1859— presented 
him with a sword of honour, ** as a mark of its esteem 
and regard.'* He has brought together at the Royal 
Institution of South Wales, of wmch he is founder, 
large collections of local fossils, antiquities, coins, and 
seals (once forming his own private collection at Cae 
Bailey, and which he presented to thetown), and one 
of the best collections of Works on Wsdes extant, 
of which he compiled and printed a catalogue. The 
Town Council entrusted him with the restoration and 



methodizing of their muniments, a work perfonned so 
satisfactorily as to call forth a warm euoginm from 
Lord Chief Justice Campbell in the Conzt of Queen's 
Bench. He was active in restoring to pablic use the 
ancient Grammar School of Bishop Gore (of which he 
was many years chairman, and is still one of the 
trustees) ; in promoting railway and dodc accommoda- 
tion for his native town ; and in erectix^ the fort at 
the Mumbles for the protection of the shipping. The 
preservation and restoration of Oystermouth Castle, 
one of the many ancient ruins pertaining to the noble 
House of Beaufort, Lords of uower and Kilvey, are 
owing to his exertions, for which be was presented 
with a piece of plate. In the year 1851 be was 
selected tu represent the Swansea District as Local 
Commissioner at the Great Exhibition, and he filled 
a like office in connection with the National Crimean 
Fund. 

For many years Colonel Grant-Francis has been 
Hon. Sec tor South Wales to the Society of Anti- 
quaries of London. He took part in the formation of 
the Cambrian Archaeological Society, and has fre- 
quently contributed to its journal, the Archmolt^ia 
Cambrensis. Mr. L. W. Dillwyn's " Contributions 
towards a History of Swansea," 1840^ show that he 
was a coadjutor in that interesting piece of topo- 
graphy. The British Association appointed him 
Secretary to its department of Ethnology, when it 
held its meeting at Swansea in 1 85 1. The benefit of 
his local and antiquarian knowledge has been most 
readily extended to the present work. 

FMNELEN, Kichard, Esq., of GLementston, 
Qlamorganshire. 

Is J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamor- 
gan ; was Sheriff for same co. 1846. 

{Further particulars not received,) 

aBENFELL, Fasooe St. Lerar, Eaq., of Ibast^ 
House, Slamorgansnire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamoi^gan ; 
son of the late Pascoe Grenfell, Esq. 
{d, 1837), of Taplow House, Bucks, M.P. 
for Great Marlow, by the Hon. Geoigiana 
St. Leger, dau. of St. Leger Aldworth, first 
Viscount Doneraile in the peerage of Ire- 
land (she d. 1818) ; m, Catherine, dau. of 
James Du Pr^, Esq., and has issue several 
sons and daus. 

HHr: Pascoe Du Pr^ Grenfell. 
Residence: Maesteg House, near Swansea. 
Arms : Gu., three organ-rests [or clarions] or. 
Crest : A dragon on a chapeau. 

LINEAGE. 

The Grenfells were originally of Cornwall, their 
seat being at Penzance in that co. Descent has 
been claimed on their behalf from the Norman 
stock of De Granville or Granvyl, whose represent- 
ative, Richard de Granville, obtained under Fii^z- 
hamon the lordship of Neath, where he founded 
the abbey of Neath, co. of Glamorgan. Some of 
his descendants settled in Devon and Cornwall 
(see De Gramnlle^ and the Ped, 0/ fuidy IJanm*er). 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



«7i 



GEITFITH, The Eey. John, of Merthyr Tydfil, 
Glamorganshire. 

Rector of Merthyr Tydfil; Rural Dean 
and Surrogate ; formerly Vicar of Aber- 
dare ; J. P. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
patron, as Rector of Merthyr, of Peny- 
darran District Church ; author of various 
pamphlets and sermons on the Churchy and 
Education in Wales; son of the late Thomas 
Griffith, Esq. ; b. at Aberystwyth ; ed. at 
the Grammar School, Swansea, and Queen's 
Coll., Cambridge; grad. B.A. 1841, M.A. 
1844; m.y I St, 1847, Sarah Frances King, 
daughter of William King, Esq., West India 
merchant, London ; 2ndly, 1863, Louisa 
Stuart, daughter of Alexander Stuart, Esq., 
Isle of Bute; s. to Braichycelyn estate, 
near Aberdovey, in 1850; has issue 2 sons, 
3 daughters. 

Hnr : John Griffith. 

Residences : Rectory, Merthyr Tjrdfil ; and 
Braichycelyn, near Aberdovey. 

6EIFFITH8^ The Eey. John, of Neath, Glamor- 
re. 




Was Pres. of the Council of the National 
Eisteddfod from the year i860; elected 
F.G.H.S. in 1868; Head Master of 
Cardigan Grammar School 1839; P.C. 
Nantyglo 1844 ; Rector of Llansannor 
1846 ; Vicar of St. Mary Hill, Glam., 1847 ; 
Rector of Neath and Llantwit 1855; 
Surrogate of Llandaff 1855 ; Author of 
Sermons and Addresses on various occa- 
sions; eldest son of Thomas Griffiths, Esq., 
Dolygwartheg, Cardiganshire ; b. at Park- 
noyadd, Aberayron, May 11, 1820; ed, at 
Tyglyn and Cardigan Grammar School ; 
grad. at l^mpeter College 1837, " Harford 
Scholar,** ist class; m,, Dec. 18, 1844, 
Mary, dau. of Caleb Lewis, Esq., of 
Cardigan ; s, 1869. 

//eir : His brother Arthur, Rector of Llanelly, 
Breconshire. 

Residences : The Rectory, Neath ; Dolygwar- 
theg, near Abera)rron. 

Town Address: Thomas's Hotel, Charles Street, 
Haymarket 

Arms : Gu., a lion rampant or, in a true lover's 
knot arg., between four fleurs-de-lis, their stalks 
bending to the centre of the escutcheon (quarter- 
ing the Llangolman arms). 

Crest: A horse's head couped ppr. 

Mo/to : ** A gad wo Duw, cadwedig yw." 

LINEAGE. 

This family derives its descent from Rhys 
Griffith ab Einion. Its long and ancient home was 
Penybcnglog, in the county of Pembroke. That I 



estate was sold at the death of Robert Griffith, who 
was m, to Elizabeth, eldest dau. of George Lloyd, 
Esq , of Cwmgloyn, his cousin -german, a.d. 1738. 
He died without issue, leaving his estate between 
his three sisters, co-heiresses. One of these, jfanet^ 
married her cousin, Arthur Griffiths, Esq., of 
Llangolman and Clynderwen. Eldest son, Thoma, 
Griffith ; next m descent, John Griffith, eldest son, 
who m. Mary, dau. of Jacob Picton, Esq., of 
Pencnwc, The next in descent was Thomas 
Griffiths (eldest son), father of the present represen- 
tative of the family, John Griffiths, Doly- 
gwartheg, CO. of Cardigan, and Rector of Neath, 
as above. 

Among distinguished members of this family in 
past f ime may be named * * I/owel Gawr^ " so sumamed 
for defeating the French king's champion, when he 
got for his arms—gu/est a lion rampant ^r, in a 
**true lover's knot, argent^ between four "fleurs- 
de-lis," their stalks tending to the centre of the 
escutcheon ; Rees ap Rhydderch^ who accompanied 
James de Audeley, then Lord of Cemaes, as his 
Esquire, to France, in the time of Edward the 
Third. He was grandson of Howel Gawr. For 
his gallant services he got an augmentation to his 
arms, viz., his own, counter-flowered of France. 

6¥TN, Howel, Esq., of Dyffryn, Glamorgan- 
diire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
J. P for the CO. of Brecon ; High Sheriff 
for the CO. of Glam. 1837-8 ; was M.P. for 
Brecon 1866 — 69, and previously M.P. for 
Penrhyn and Falmouth 1847 — 57 ; eldest 
son of the late William Gwyn, Esq., of 
Abercrave, co. Glam. (who //. 1830, by 
his wife, Mary Anne Roberts, of Barn- 
staple, Devon ; ed. at the Univ. of Oxford ; 
w., 1831, FJlen, only dau. of John Moore, 
Esq., of Plymouth. 

Residence : Dyffryn, near Neath. 

Arms : Sa., a fesse, or, in chief a sword, point 
upwards, in base, a sword, point downwards, 
both in pale, arg. pommelled and hilted or. 
[These are also the arms of the co. of Brecon ] 

Crest: A dagger, arg., erect, in hand prop., 
passed through a boar's head couped, or. 

Motto : Vim vi repellere licet. 

LINEAGE. 

This family is derived from a common ancestor 
with that of Gwynne, formerly of Glanbrftn, Carm., 
and Gwynne- Holford of Buckland^ Brec, which 
comp. It is traced in the pedigrees to Brychan 
Brycheiniog, through Trahaearn ap Einion, Lord 
of Cwmmwd, near Talgarth, who lived in the 
1 2th cent. From him was descended in direct line 
through Rhys ap Philip ap David of Llwynho- 
wel, — 

Rhydderch ap Rhys, who lived early in the 15th 
cent., and m, Gwenllian, or, z&Dwnn Vky% Gwen. 
dau. and h. of Howel ap Gryflydd of Trecastle, 
They had three sons, Thomas Gwyn ap Rhydderch, 
David Coch Gwyn, of Glanbrdn, and Howel Gwyn, 
of Ystrad-Wallter. The second became founder 
of the Glanbrftn branch ; the first that of the branch 
now represented, by Howel Gwyn, Esq., of 



1 7a 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Dyffryn, of whom we here treat. The name 
Gwyn also is said first to have appeared in the 
family with these sons, who being of light com- 
plexion were c.illed Guyn, which means ** white,"' 
or ** light in colour," to indicate the peculiarity, 
and in the case of David, who was red-haire<l, the 
epithet roc/t, "red," was added— David Coch- 
Gwyn. 

Thomas Gwyn, of Trecastell, m. Elen, dau. of 
Roger Vychan, of Talgarth, — (we now follow a 
MS. in p<^ssession of Howel Gwyn, Esq., at 
DyfTryn, with a few additions from a copy of a 
MS. in St. Mark's Coll., Chelsea), and had issue 
Howel Gwyn of Trecastell, whose wife was 
a dau. of Gwiliam Llewelyn. Their son was — 

Thomas ap Howel, of Trecastell, who m, 
Margaret, dau. and h. of Edward Games, Esq., 
of Newton, Brec. (or, a lion passant gu. ). 

Howel Gwyn, Esq., their son, m. Mary, dau. 
and co-h. of James Boyle, Esq.. of the Hay, who 
was a descendant of Sir John Boyle, Kt., of the 
order of St. Michael, of Glyntawe, and m. a dau. 
of Sir Peers Trevanion, of Cornwall, Kt. (He 
bore— arg., on a fesse az., inter 2 chevronels gu., 3 
escallops). Their son, — 

Edward Gwjti, Es(j., of Glyntawe, nt. a dan. and 
h. of John Llewelyn. (He bore — Quarterly, 1st 
and 4th sa., a fesse or, between 2 daggers, •* their 
points in chief and base," or, the hilts and 
pomm;,*ls of the second ; 2nd and 3rd, or, " three 
vesperiillio-i or bats " displayed, az., armed, eyed, 
and cruscd gu. We have here, in I anri 4, the 
elements of the modem Gwyn arms.) They left 
a son — 

John Gwvn, Esq., of Glyntawe (**now living" 
— St. Mark s Coll. MS.), who m. Anne, dau. and 
h. of Capt. Thomas Price (or Prees), of Defynoj. 
St. Mark's MS. adds, ** Arg., bulls' head cabossed, 
sable, armed or;" meaning, probably. Prees's 
anus. John Gwyn was succc:eded l)y his son, — 

James Gwyn, A.M., who m. Elizabeth, dau. of 
William Brewster, Esq.. of Burton Court. Here- 
ford, and had a son named William. Attorney at 
Law, of Neath. who>e wife was Eliza, only dau. 
of Hu^h Edward, of Blaensawdde, whose son, John 
Gwyn, was also Attorney at Law at Neath, and m. 
Pri.scilla, dau. of Matthew Roach, Lsq., of Barn- 
staple, Devon, Merchant, Leaving two sons, 
Matthew and William, and a dau., Elizabeth. 
The second son, — 

William Gwyn. of Abercrave, w., 1 799, Mary 
Anne, dau. of Edward Roberts Esq., of Barn- 
staple, and had, with other issue, Howel Gwyn, 
as above. 

A'i>/'^.— The Llanclwedd branch of the Gwyns 
terminated in Sir Rowland Gw7nne, Kt , of that 
place. One dau. married into the Penpont family 
(see iViliiams Penponi), another into that of Castell- 
Madog. {S^Q Price^ Castie-Madoc.) 



HHI, Edward Stock, Esq., of Eookwood, Uan- 
daff, Glamorgansiilre. 

Lieut.-Colonel ist Ad. Brigade, Glam. Art. 
Volunteers; J. P. for co. Glamorgan, and 
bor. of Cardiff; son of Charles Hill, Esq., 
late of Druid's Stoke, co. of Gloucester ; 
b. at Bristol, 14th January, 1834; ed, at 
Bishop's College, Clifton ; «., 26th April, 
x866, Fanny Ellen, daughter of the. late 



Lieut.-General Tickell, C,B., Royal En- 
gineers ; has issue 2 daughters and 2 sons. 

Residence: Rookwood, LlandaflT. 

Town Address: Junior Carlton Club. 

Arms: Arg., two chevronels gu. between two 
water-lxDUgets sa. in chief and a mullet of the 
second in base, a crescent for dilTerence 

Crest: Adoveppr., collared sa., one foot rest- 
ing on a mullet aig., and holding in the mouth 
an olive branch vert. 

Motto : Perseverantia omnia vinciL 

A^^^— The mansion of Rookwood was erected in 
1866. 

HOXF£iT, John, Esq., of Fdnlline Castle, 
Oiamorganshira 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamoi^n ; 
Sheriff for same co. 1843 (see Sherifs); 
son of the late Sir Jer. Homfray, Kt. {d, 
1833), of IJandaff (Sheriff of co. Glam. 
1809). by Mary (d, 1830), dau. and h. of 
John Richards, Esq , of Cardiff, and has, 
with other issue, — 

John Richards Homfray, EfKj..of Pwlly- 
wrach, co. of Glam. ; J. P. and D. L. for 
the same co. ; w., 1824, Mary Elizabeth, 
eldest surviving dau. of Sir Glynne £arie 
Welby, Bart, of Denton Hall, Lincoln* 
shire, apd has issue. 

Mr. Homfray s. to the estates on Ihe 
demise of his father, 1833. 

Heir : John Richards. 

Reiilence: Penlline Castle, near Cowbridge. 

LINEAGE. 

The Homfray family is of considerable antiquity, 
havin^: been long seatel in Yorkshire before brandi- 
inj off into Wales and the easi of England. Their 
origin is said to be Norman. Their advent into 
Glamorganshire was throuj^h the marriage of 
P'rancis Homfray, Esq., of Wollaston Hall, Wor- 
cestershire, with Miss Hannah Popkin, of Coytre- 
h^n near Bridgend, and tint of his son Jeremiah 
(afterwards **. Sir Jeremiah " above named) with 
Mary Richards of Llandaff. For a notice of 
Penlline Castle see p. 70 ante, 

JEFFEEYS, John Gwyn, Esq., of ftelligron, 
Glamorganshire. 

J. P. for the COS. of Glamorgan and Brecon ; 
F.K.S. ; F.G.S. ; F.L.S. ; was ed. for the 
law and called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn ; 
Recorder of Swansea; son of the late John 
Jeffreys, Esq., of Swansea ; b, 1809; «r.> 
1840, Anne, dau. of the late Richard 
Janion Nevill, Esq., of Llanelly, co. of 
Carm., and sister of Charles W. Nevill, 
Esq., of Westfa, co. of Carm., and .has 
issue. 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



^73 



Heir: Howel Gwyn. 

Residences: Gelligron, near Swansea; 25, 
Devonshire Place, W. 

LINEAGE. 

This branch of the family of Jeffreys of Brecon- 
shire has been established in Swansea and neigh- 
bourhood for several generations, and has taken 
a prominent part in local affairs. The name often 
occurs among the Portreeves of Swansea. They 
originated wth John Jeffreys of Abercynrig, Brec, 
Sheriff of his co. 1631, and were afterwards seated 
at the Priory, Brecon, of which place was Jeffrey 
Jeffreys, Esq., Sheriff o his co. in 1 741. (See 
Sheriffs of Brccofishire.) 

JENKIN, John Trevillian, Esq., of Swansea, 
Qlamorgansliire. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan ; was Mayor 
of the borough of Swansea 1854, 1858, 
i86i ; son of David Jenkin, of Swansea, 
gentleman ; b, at Swansea on the 12th 
October, 1809 ; ed. at Swansea; »i., on the 
23rd October, 1838, to Annetta, daughter 
of David Sanders, Esq., and Alderman of 
Swansea. 

Residence : The Mirador, Swansea. 
Crest : A lion rampant. 
Alotlo : Sic modo. 

LINEAGE. 

This family descends on the mother's side from 
the Hold itches of Devonshire. 



JENKINS, Qeorge Henry, Esq., of Walterston 
House, Qiamorgajijshire. 

M.D., M R.C.S., and L A.C., formerly in 
practice ; J. P. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
5th son of the late Richard Jenkins, Esq., 
Newport, Monmouthshire ; b, at Newport, 
December nth, 1817; grad, M.D., Univ. 
Aberdeen, 1854; m,^ ^847, Mary Ann, 
eldest dau. of the late John Thomas, Esq., 
Surgeon R.N., and co-heiress of the late 
John Jenkins Thomas, Esq., Caercady 
House, Lieut. 5th Dragoon Guards, and 
has issue ; succ. his uncle, William Jenkins, 
Esq., of Walterston, 1851 ; has issue a 
son and heir, William Richard. 

Heir : William Richard Jenkins. 

Residence: Walterston House, Glamorgan (built 
by Walter de Mapes, Chaplain to Henry I. in 
the twelfth century). 

Arms : Arg., three gamecocks gu. 

Crest : A gamecock, as in arms. 

Afotto : Fe dAl am dara 

LINEAGE. 

This family is descended from Richard Jenkins, 
Esq., of Pantynawel, co. Glamoi^gan, who m, Ann, 
dau. of John Came, Fjaq., and granddau. of Sir 



John Came, Knt. The Jenkinses of Pantynawel, 
members of which family in the sixteenth century 
and sul>sequently held the office of High Sheriff of 
Glamorgan, were descended from Trim ap Maen- 
arch, who m. Ellen, dau. to lestyn ap Gwipint, 
the last Prince of Glamorgan, and were of the 
same stock with the Vaughans of Bredwardine, 
Hergest, Tretower, and Clyro. 



JEBKINS, Eey. John David, B.D., Aberdare, 
Qlamorgansliire. 

Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford ; Canon 
of Pieter Maritzburg ; Vicar of Aberdare ; 
formerly C. of St. Paul's, Oxford ; author 
of " The Age of the Martyrs ; " son of 
William David Jenkins, Esq., of Ca.stellau 
Fach, Llantrisant, co. of Glamorgan ; b. at 
Merthyr Tydfil ; ed. at Sir Edward Strad- 
ling*s Grammar School, Cowbridge, and 
Jesus Coll., Oxon. ; grad. B A. 1850, 
M.A. 1852, BD., 1859; s, to Castellau 
Fach 1837. 

Residence: The Vicarage, Aberdare. 
Arms : Gules, three chevrons argent. 

LINEAGE. 

This family traces its descent from lestyn ap 
Gwrgant, and bears his arms. 

JONES, £o1)ert Oliver, Esq., of Eonmon Castle, 
Qlamorgansliire. 

Stipendiary Magistrate for the borough of 
Cardiff; J. P. and D. L. for co. Glamorgan ; 
Sheriff for same co. 1838, in succession of 
Howel Gwyn, Esq. ; elder son of the late 
Major-Gen. Oliver Thomas Jones, who 
commanded in the Peninsularwar ; ^. 181 1 ; 
PI., first, 1843, Alicia (d, 1851), dau. of 
Evan Thomas, Esq. (see Thomas of Llwyn- 
madoc); secondly, 1853, Sarah Elizabeth, 
dau. of John Bruce Pryce, Esq., of Dyffryn ; 
has by first wife issue surviving one son 
and one dau., Edith Alicia, Mr. Jones has 
also a brother, Captain Oliver John Jones, 
R.N., b, 1813. 

Heir: Oliver Henry. 

Residence: Fonmon Castle, near Cardiff. 

Arms: Quarterly: 1st, sa., a chevron arg. 
between three spear-heads ppr., the points cm- 
brued — Bleddyn ap Afaenarch ; 2nd, a wyvem's 
head erased vert., in the mouth a dexter hand gu. — 
King Felinor ; 3rd, gu. a chevron ermine — Philip 
GitySy Lord of Wist on ; 4th, arg., a stag couchant 
gu. attired and unguled or, in its mouth a branch 
vert — Matilda of Cower (an heiress). 

Crest: A dexter cubit arm in surmour grasping 
a spear, all ppr. 

These were the arms of Col. Philip Jones (see 
lineage), granted him by George Ou*en^ York 



"74 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



LINEAGE. 

The founder of this family was Col. Philip 
Jones, a distinguished officer in Oliver Cromweirs 
army, and zealous promoter of the republican cause 
against the Stuarts. By the large wealth he accu- 
mulated through the liberality of the Protector, he 
purchased the Fonmon estate, and laid a solid basis 
for a permanent and influential family. The details 
of his life have been brought to light more fully by 
a recent memoir drawn up from authentic sources 
by Col. Grant- Francis, F.S.A., in his Charters of 
Swansea, from which it appears that Col. Philip 
Jones was not merely a political partisan and suc- 
cessful soldier, but a man of the highest character 
for probity and piety. 

Col. Philip Jones was b. at Swansea, i6i8, the 
son of David Johnes, who was son of Philip John's^ 
grandson of yohn ap Rhys, of the line of Bleddyn 
ap Maenarch, Lord of Brecknock. He m. Jane, 
dau. of William Price, Esq., of Gellihir, in Gower ; 
joined the Parliament forces ; was made Governor 
of Swansea, 1645, the year in which Bussey Mansel 
of Briton Ferry was made Commander-m-Chief of 
the forces of Glamorgan under General Fairfax ; 
obtained from Cromwell in 1849 Forest Issa on the 
Tawe at a rental of £1,0 ; was the second on the 
list of '* Commissioners for the Better Propagation 
of the Gospel in Wales ;" was sent several times to 
Parliament ; in 1653, though not one of the "six" 
summoned from Wales, was in the "Little Parlia- 
ment;" in 1854 represented Monmouthshire; in 
1665 had a double return for Breconshire and Gla- 
morganshire, but chose the latter. He was then 
rais^ to Cromwell's House of Peers, and made 
Comptroller of the Household. At the Restoration 
he settled do\^Ti quietly, was allowed to remain on 
his estate of Fonmon, and was confirmed as Custos 
Rot. of his CO. Attempts were made to prove him 
guilty of peculation, but these signally failed. He 
served as High Sheriff under Charles H. (1671, see 
Sheriffs). He d, 1674 at Fonmon, and was bu ied 
at the adjoining church of Penmark. By his wife, 
Jane Price, he left a son and heir (cdled after 
the Protector) 

Oliver Jones, Esq., of Fonmon Castle, Sheriff 
for Glam. 1681, whose son, — 

Robert Jones, Esq., of Fonmon Castle, was M.P. 
for CO. of Glamorgan 1713— 1715. when he d. By 
his wife Mary, dau. of Humphrey Edwin, Esq , of 
Llanfihangel (see Thomas of Uanfihangel), he left 
a son, — 

Robert Jones, Esq., of Fonmon Castle; Sheriff 
of Glam. 1729 ; m. Mary Forrest, of Minehead. 
Somerset, and with other issue left by her a son, — 

Robert Jones, Esq., of Fonmon Castle. By his 
second wife, Joanna, dau. of Edmund Lloyd, Esq , 
of Cardiff, he had, with other issue — 

1. Robert Jones, Esq., of Fonmon Castle, b. 
1773, d. 1834. unm.^ and was succeeded by his 
nephew (as below). 

2. Oliver Thomns Jones, b. 1776, entered the 
army, and became Lieut. -Gen. under Sir John 
Moore in the Peninsular war {d. 181 5). By his 
second wife, Maria Antonia Swinburne, he left, 
with one dau., Rosa Antonia, two sons. — 

Robert Oliver, now of Fonmon Castle (as 
above), and — 

Olrverjohn, Capt. R.N. 

KNI6HT, Rey., Charles Rumsey, of ITythegston 
Court, Slamorgaiishire. 

Clerk ; Vicar of Merthyr Mawr, Glam. , 1 87 1 ; 



formerly Vicar of St Bride's Major, 1843 
to 1 863 ; Incumbent of Donative of Ewenny 
186310 1871; Rural Dean; Proctor in 
Convocation for the clergy of the diocese 
of Llandaff; J. P. for the co. of Gla- 
morgan; eldest son of the late Rev. 
Robert Knight, of Tythegston Court, 
Rector of Newton Nottage (see Knight of 
Neufton Court); b. at Lechlade, Glou- 
cestershire, 1817 ; ed. at Wad ham Coll., 
Oxford ; grad, B.A. 1839, MA. 1841 ; 
m.y I St, 1843, Mary, dau. of Thomas 
Bassett, Esq., of Bonvilston House, Gla- 
morganshire (she d. in 1848) ; 2ndly, 1854, 
Mary Ann Elizabeth, dau. of the late Rev. 
Thomas Stacey, MA., Precentor of Llan- 
daff Cathedral ; and has issue 3 sons and 
3 daughters; succ. 1854. 

Heir : Robert Lougher, b. 1858. 

Residence : Tythegston Court, near Bridgend. 

Town Address: Oxford and Cambridge Club, 
Pall Mall. 

Arms : Arg., 3 pallets gu., within a bordure en- 
grailed sa. ; on a canton of the second a spur with 
rowel downwards, or. 

Crest: On a ducal coronet an eagle displayed 
proper. 

Afotto : Gloria calcar habet. 

LINEAGE. 

This family traces its lineage from Francis Knight 
(of the sept of Jestyn ap Gwrgant, last Prince of 
Glamorgan). Alderman and alterwanis Mayor ot 
the city of Bristol, to whom a grant was made 
from Queen Elizabeth in 1562 of an estate at 
Congresbury, in the county of Somerset ; his 
descendant, George Knight was also Mayor of 
Bristol in 1639. Another descendant, Sir John 
Knight, Kt.. also mayor in 1663 and 1670, was 
Member of Parliament for the city of Bristol, and 
gave great offence to the court party after the Revo- 
lution by his speech against naturalizing foreigners, 
or ** Froglanders," as hecalled them (see Macaulay*s 
History of England). He was knighted on the 
occasion of a royal visit to Bristol ; and laid the 
foundation of the Hot wells. His son, Robert 
Knight , Esq., »/., 1708, Cecil yi/r^^TT^i// of Sutton, 
granddaughter and heiress of Richard Lougher, 
Esq (see Lougher of Tythegston). His sun, — 

Robert Knight, Esq., of Tythegston, succ. in 
1732 ; High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1737 ; m. 
Lydia, daughter of John Rogers, D.D., Dean of 
Wells ; — her mother was the eldest sister of Henry 
Hare, last Lord Coleraine of that family, whose 
will, on his dying without legitimate issue in 1749, 
became the subject of litigation for fourteen years 
between the representatives of his natural daughter, 
Rose Duplessis, and the co-heiresses at law, Mrs. 
Knight, and Ann, wife of William Bassett of 
Miskin. At length, by a compromise, the real 
estates passed to the former, and the personalties 
to the latter. 

Henry Knight, Esq., sole heir of Robert m, 
Catherine, daughter of John Lynch, D.D., Dean 
of Canterbury, and granddaughter of Archbishop 
Wake, by whom he had two sons, — 

Henry Knight, Esq., who was High Sheriff in 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



175 



1794, Colonel of the Glamorgan Militia, and Vice- 
Lieutenant of the county in 1808 ; and Robert^ 
Rector of Tewkesbury. Henry died without issue 
in 1825, and was succeeded at Tythegiton Court 
by his eldest nephew, — 

Rev. Robert Knight, M.A., Rector of Newton 
Nottage. He m, Emma, dau. of Thomas Eagle, 
Elsq., of Pilston, Mon., and had, with other 
issue, — 

Rev. Charles Rumsey Knight, the present 
representative of the family, as above. 

Note, — Tythegston Courts which was altered from an 
old Gothic mansion to its present form in 1 769, had 
been the seat of a long line of Lous^hers and Turber- 
vilU in continuous succession. The estate having 
descended nearly 3CX) years in the same blood, no 
title appears to have been ever made of it. It pro- 
bably vested originally in the Turbervills by conquest. 
No record is to be found among the family papers 
more ancient than a copy of the will of Richard Tur- 
berville, bearing date 27th April, 1 501. He was 
succeeded by his son John, upon whose death in 1533 
a long strife — mentioned by Leland — arose in refer- 
ence to his numerous estates between his daughter 
Gwenllian, m. to Watkin Lougher, and Christopher, 
son of his brother Jenkin, which ended in 1 546 in an ar- 
bitration by which certain other manors were awarded 
to Christopher Turbervill, and to Gwenllian and her 
son Richard (the father Watkin being dead) the 
manor of Tythcgston and its appurtenances. Thus 
the Loughers, who had for 'many generations been 
settled at Sker and Baglan, aiiid the borough of 
Loughor, and were in direct descent from lestyn ap 
Gwrgant, Lordof Glamoi^an, became settled at Tytheg- 
ston. — There is a cromUck near the mansion, the lower 

i)art covered by a mound of stones and earth, the 
arge upper slab being alone visible. 



KNI&HT, Eey. Edward Doddridge, of Nottage 
Court, Olamorganshire. 

Rector of Newton Nottage, and Lord of 
the " Pembroke Manor ; " Rural Dean ; 
formerly P. C. of Tredegar (1838— 1846); 
Rector of Llandough( 1 816 — 1858); ispatron 
of Newton Nottage 2 turns out of 3 ; 
son of the late Rev. Robert Knight, M.A., 
formerly Vicar of Tewkesbury, Gloucester- 
shire ; b, at Tewkesbury, Dec, 1806 ; cd. 
at Exeter Coll., Oxford; grad. B.A. 1829; 
^•» 1837, Mary, dau. of Thomas Place, 
Esq., of Ffrood Vale, Neath ; and has 
issue five daughters; succ. his brother, 
Rev. H. H. Knight, B.D., 1857. 

Residence : Nottage Court, Bridgend. 

Arms : Arg., three pallets gu. within a bordure 
engrailed sa. ; on a canton of the second, a spur 
with rowel downwards or. 

Crest : On a ducal coronet an eagle displayed 
ppr. 

LINEAGE. 

This family traces its descent from lestyn ap 
Gwrgant on father's side, and the celebrated divine 
Dr. Doddridge on the mother's side. For lineage, 
see further K'night of Tythegston^ and Lougher of 
Tythegsion, 



Note. — Nottaqe Court ^2^ venerable mansion in the 
Elizabethan style — has been in the family ever since 
its erection, excepting an interval of forty years. It » 
was restored by the Rev. H. H. Knight (the present 
proprietor's brother) in 1841-6. 

LEE, Yangliaii Hanning, Esq., of Eheola, &la- 
morgansMre. 

Was a Major in the army ; J. P. for the co. 
of Glamorgan ; son of John Lee, Esq , of 
Dillington Park, Somerset, by Jessie, dau. 
and co-h. with her brother, the late Nash 
V. Edwards Vaughan, Esq., of Rheola 
{d. i87i),of John Edwards, Esq., of Llane- 
lay, Llantrisant, Glam., who, on inheriting 
by the will of William Vaughan, Esq., as- 
sumed the surname Vaughan in addition to 
his own; b, 1836; s. to the Rheola 
property 187 1. 

Residences: Rheola, near Neath; Llanelay* 
Llantrisant. 

Amis : The arms of Vaughan^ — Sa., a chevron 
arg. between three boys' heads couped ppr., a 
snake vert enwrapping the neck (quartering the 
arms of Lee). 

IEWI8, Henry, Esq., of areennifadow, Gla- 
morganshire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
High Sheriff of the same 1858 ; eldest son 
of the late Henry Lewis, Esq., of Park, 
Glamorganshire {d. 1838), by his wife 
Mary, dau. of George Emerson, Esq. (she 
d, 1841);^. 1815; s. 1838; m,y first, Ann 
Morgan, dau. of Walter Morgan, Esq., 
Merthyr, and had issue by her, who d. 

1857 — 

1. Mary Price. 

2. Blanche Eliza. 

3. Henry. 

Secondly, Sophia Antoinette Ximenes 
Gwynne, dau. of Colonel Gwynne, Glan- 
brane Park, Carmarthenshire, by whom he 
had issue — 

1. Thomas Wyndham. 

2. Roderick Gwynne. 

3. Catherine Fanny. 

4. Gwendoline. 

5. Wyndham Gwynne. 

Beir: Henry I^ wis, ^. 1847. 

Residence : Green Meadow, near Cardiff. 

Arms: Quarterly: 1st, sa., a lion rampant 
arg. — Lewis ; 2nd, sa , a chevron between three 
spear-heads az. embrued — Price ; 3rd, sa., a 
chevron between three fleurs-de-lis or ; 4th, or, 
on a canton gu. 2 lions passant guardant — Lewis. 

Crests : A lion sejant arg. —Lewis ; a lamb or, 
bearing a pennon of St George. — Price, 

Mottoes: "Patriae fidus;' ** Ofner na ofho 
angau." 



1/6 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



LINEAGE. 

7*he ancient family of Lewis^ of Van, Llanishen, 
Newhouse, and Green Meadow, trace direct and 
authentic descent from Gwatthfoedy Lord of Cardi- 
gan and Cibvvyr (tenth century), who (according to 
the Joio MSS\ though acknowledging himself a 
rcgulus under Ed^ar the English king, when sum- 
moned to meet that king at Chiister and row the 
royal barge, curtly refused any answer, and when 
pressed for some word of reply, uttered the memor- 
able saving which his numerous descendants in 
several of ilieir lines have adopted as their motto^ — 
*^ Fear him wfio fears not dL'ath^'" ^\\xt independence 
and courage of which answer struck the king with 
wonder, and led to personal acquaintance and 
friendship. Ivor Bach, Lord of Castell Coch^ to 
whom freciuent reference has been made in the pre- 
ceding sketch of Glamorgan Annals, was fourth in 
descent from Gwaethfoed ; and Madoc ap Howel 
Velyn, Lord of St. Fagan's (as successor of his 
moiher, Sarah, dau. of Sir Mayo le Soer, the Nor- 
man lord of that district), was sixth from Ivor Bach. 

EJwanl Le:cis, Esq., of I'an, Sheriff of Glamor- 
gan 1549. 1556, and 1560 (sec Sheriffs), the first of 
the fiimily to adopt the surname Lewis, m. Anne, 
dau. of Sir William Morgan, Kt., of Pencoed, and 
was succeeded by his eldest son, Thomas Le^uis, 
Esq., sheriflf for the years 1570 and 1587, who by 
his first wife, Margaret, dau. of Robert (jamage, 
Esq., of Coity Castle (his second wife being Cathe- 
rine, dau. of Sir George Mathew, Kt., of Kadir— 
see Mathew 0/ Kadir), left a son and heir, — 

Sir Edivard Lewis, Kt., of I'an, Sheriff of Gla- 
morgan 1602 and 1613 ; knighted 1603; bought, 
1616, the mansion of St. Fagan's of William 
Herl)ert, Esq., and was Lord of Penmark, Carn- 
llwyd in Llancarvan, &c. ; w. Blanche, dau. of 
Thomas Morgan, Esq., of Machen (sec Morgan, 
and Lord IWdCi^ar), and had four sons, Edward, 
William, Nicholas, Thomas. The first Sir Edward 
Lewis, Kt., of Van, m. Anne, dau. of Rol^ert, Earl 
of Dorset, and widow of Lord Beauchamp, and 
founded the family of Lewis of Burstal, of Erlington, 
Wilts, and of Van, Glam. The fourth son, — 

Sir Thomas Lewis, of Penmark, knighted 1628 ; 
Sheriff of Glam. 1629 [d. 1669), /;/ a dau. of 
Edmund Thomas, Escj., of Wenvoe (see Thomas 
0/ IVenvoe), and left — besides his eldest son, Tho- 
mas, who m, but d.s.p.y and other issue — a second 
son,— 

Gabriel Lewis, Esq., who became of Llanishen, 
deputy-ijheriff under his father, Sir Thomas Lewis, 
1587, and Sheriff of Glamorgan 16 15 ; m. Elizabeth, 
dau. of Wi liam Carne, Esq., of Nash, and was 
succeeded by his son, — 

Thomas Leivis, Esq., of Llanishen, Sheriff of 
Glamorgan 1630, who by his wife Eleanor, dau. of 
Thomas Johns, Esq., of Abergavenny, had a son, — 

Gabriel Lewis, Esq., his successor at Llanishen, 
Sheriff of Glam. 1663. He m. Grace, dau. of 
Humphrey fVyndham, Esq., of Dunraven Castle, 
Glam., and had a son and heir, — 

Thomas Lewis, Esq., of Llanishen, Sheriff of 
Glam. 1673 and 1683 ; m, first, Elizabeth Van, 1 
by whom he had issue Thomas, Sheriff of Glam. i 
1745, who had a son Wyndham and two daus., who , 
all d. s. p. 

[l^ote. — There was a Gabriel Lewis of Llanishen, 
who was Sheriff of Glamorgan 1715 {'sjt^ Sheriffs), who 
could not be the same with Gabriel Lewis, Sheriff for 
1663, and ^et we find in the pedigrees no other 
account of him.] 



Thomas Lewis, Esq., of Llanishen, m., secondly 
Elizabeth, dau. of Henry Morgan, Esq., of Pen 
Uwyn, Mon., and had a second son, — 

Thomas Lewis, Esq., of Newhouse, Sheriff of 
G'amorgan 1757; m. Elizabeth, dau. of Morgan 
Thomas, Esq. ; and besides a second son, William^ 
of Green Meadow, or Pentyrch, Sheriff of Glam. 
1790, who d. s. p , left an eldest son and heir, — 

Rev. Wyndham Lewis, M. A., of Newhouse, 
who ///. Mary, dau. of Samuel Price, Esq., of Park 
and Coity, co. of Glam., and left issue, besides 
Henry, second son, — 

Thomas, eldest son, who w., and left one son, 
John, d. s. p., and two daus. 

Wyndham, third son, of Green Meadow, M.P. 
for Cardiff 1820 (see Pari, Annals); iw., 1815, 
Mary Anne, dau. of John Evans, Esq., of Bramford 
Speke Devon ; d. s. p. 1 838; she afterwards m. 
Benjamin Disraeli. Esq., M.P. (now - Right Hon."), 
and has recently been cr. ** Viscountess Beacons- 
field." 

Henry Lewis, Esq. (second son), of Park and 
Green Meadow, m, Mary, dau. of George Emerton, 
Esq., and had issue, — 

Henry Lewis, Esq., now of Green Meadow (as 
above). 

Wyndham W. Lewis, Esq., of The Heath, near 
Cardiff. J. P. and D. L. for co. of Glam. ; w., 
first, Annie dau. of George Overton, Esq. ; 
secondly, Elizabeth, dau. of the late William Wil- 
liams, Esq., of Aberpergwm. 

Mary Jane, m. to Henry A. Vaughan. Esq. 

Anne Price, m. to George Thomas Clark, Esq. 
(see Clark of Dowlais House). 

Catherine Price, m. to George Collins Jackson, 
Esq., an officer in the army. 



ILANDAFP, The Eight Ee7. Alfred OUivant, 
D.D., Bishop o£ 

Son of the late William OUivant, Esq., of 
Manchester; b. 1798; ed at St. Paul's 
School and Trin. Coll., Camb. ; 6th 
Wrangler, B.A., and Senior Chancellor's 
Medallist, 182 1; M.A. 1824, B.D. and 
D.D. 1836 ; ///., 1828, Alicia, dau. of Lieut- 
Gen. William Spencer, and has issue ; was 
Vice-Prin. of St. David's Coll., Lampeter, 
1827 — 1843; Reg. Prof, of Divinity, Camb., 
1 84^ — 1 849; consecrated Bishop of Llandaff 
(reputed the ninety-second in succession — 
see Bishops of Liandaff) in room of Cople- 
ston deceased, 1849. The see of Llandaflf 
has jurisdiction over the cos. of Monmouth 
and Glamorgan, excepting the deanery of 
Gower in the latter, which is under the see 
of St. David's. The Bishop of Llandaflf is 
patron of sixty-five livings, of the deanery 
of Llandaflf, the Archdeaconries of Llandaflf 
and Monmouth, the Chancellorship and 
Precentorship of the Cathedral, and the 
Prebends. Income of see, ;£^4,2oo. 

Dr. OUivant is author of various Sermons, 
Lectures, and Charges, and some Pamphlets 
on ecclesiastical and ccclesiasticopolitical 
subjects. 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



C7 



Rendence : Bishop's Court, LlandafT. 

Toiun Address : Athenaeum Club, S.W. 

Arms of the See: Sa , two crosiers in saltire,- 
one or, the other ar;^. ; on a chief az. three mitres 
with labels of the sejond. 

Mot;. — For a notice of the cathedral of this see, and 
its recent restoration, %tz Lfand.iff' Cathedral, The 
cpiscopil see of Llanda'T. which now contains 215 
benSiice*. had its orijin in a place for Christian wor- 
ship bailt at a very early period on the bank of the 
river Tdf— most likely on the spot where the cithedral 
now stands — and called Lland.v, **the church on the 
Taf;" but the coni^regation here jjatherel, and its 
bishop, or minister obtained superintending power 
over the surrounding congregatir»ns gathered by de- 
grees during the Roman civil domination only in the 
fifth century. Dy/riir (Dubricius) is said to have been 
the first bishop. Meurig, King of Glamorgan has the 
reputation of having founded the see and endowed it 
with lands between the rivers TAf and Ely. For a 
time Caerleon^ the great Roman city, was considered, 
as ^ell as LlandafT, as the home of the see, and 
probably through its civic importance obtained the 
pre-eminence and had the character, at least in after 
times, of primacy of the British Church. It lost this 
standing when Drati (St. David), who had become its 
bishop, removed, or rather returned to St. David's. 
(See St. David^s, Bishop of; and LLinddeioi-hrefi. ) 

The Bishops of Llaniajf^ since the conquest of 
Glamorgan by the Normans, are given elsewhere. 

LLBWBLTir, Joliu DillwTii, E31., of Panlle'r- 
gaer, Qlamorganshire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan : 
High Sheriflf for the same 1835 ; eldest son 
of the late Lewis Weston Dillwyn, Esq., 
F.R S., of PenlleVgaer, sometime M.P. for 
the CO. of Glam. (see Pari. Annals of co. 
Glam.)^ and Sheriff for the same 1818; 
b, 1 8 to; m.y 1833, Emma Thomasina, d^^- 
of Thomas Mansel Talbot, Esq., of Mar- 
gam Abbey, co. of Glam., and has, with 
other issue, — 

John Talbot Dillwyn Llewelyn^ Esq.^ now 
of Ynysygerwn (which see). See also 
Dillwyn of Hendrefoilan. 

Residence : Penlle'rgaer, near Swansea. 
Arms : Gu., on a chevron arg. three trefoils 
slipped of the first 

LINEAGE. 

This family, which had its early seat in Hereford- 
shire, is of the old Cymric stock of that part, as the 
name clearly indicates. They h-ad also representa- 
tives seated in Breconshire, whence they emigrated 
to the United States. A further notice is found 
under Dillwyn of Hendrefoilan. See also Price of 
PenlUrgaer^ under **01d and Extinct Families." 

LIEWELLTN, Griffith, Esq., of Baglan HaU, 
Qiamorgansliire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the county of Gla- 
morgan; was High Sheriflf for the same 
1852 ; is patron of the living of Aberavon- 



cum-Baglan, Glamorganshire; son of the 
late Griffith Llewellyn, Esq., of the same 
place, by Catherine, dau and h. of the 
late J. Jones, Esq., of Biglan Hall ; b, 
Aug., i8o6; ed. at Rugby School; w., Oct, 
1850, Madelina, eldest daughter of Pascoe 
St. Leger (irenfell, Esq., of Maesteg Kouse, 
Swansea, J. P. and D. L. of co. Glamorgan; 
J. to his mother's estate 1840. 

Risi.ience: Biglan Hall, Aberavon. 

Tjiun Address : Union Club, Trafalgar Square. 

Armt : 3 crosslets azure. 

Crest : Boar's head. 

A/otto : Unus ct idem. 

Mote. — The inheritors of this estate have been settled 
at Banian for about 2CX) years ; but the date of erection 
of the present mansion is not precisely known. It 
has been restored and altered in recent times. 



ILEWBLLYN, William, Esq., of Cjurt Colman, 
Glamorgansliire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan/ 
Sheriflf for the same co. 1854 (see Sheriffs)^ 
Cipt. I St. Glam. R. V.; son of the late 
William Llewellyn, Esq., M.D., nephew of 
late Griflftth Llewellyn, Esq., of Biglan 
Hall; b. 1820; w., 1844, Eleanor Emma, 
dau. of the late Rev. Robert Knight, A.M., 
of Tythegston Court, Rector of Newton 
Nottage (see Knight of Tythegston Conrt)^ 
by Emma, dau. of Thomas Eagles, Esq., of 
Pilston, Mon., and has issue. 

Residence: Court Colman, near Bridgend. 

LLEWELYN, John Talbot Dillwsm, Esq., Tnys- 
y-gerwn, Slamorgansliire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the county of Gla- 
morgan ; son of John Dillwyn Llewelyn, 
Esq., of PenlleVgaer, J. P. and D. L. for 
Glamorganshire, and Sheriflf for the same 
'835 (see Dillwyn Uewelyn of Penllirgaer); 
b- at Penlle'rgaer, May 26, 1836; ed, at 
Eton and Christ Church, Oxford ; grad, 
M.A. 1859; m.y May 7th, 1861, to Caroline 
Julia Hicks Beach, eldest daughter of the 
late Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Bart., M.P., 
of Williamstrip Park, Gloucestershire ; has 
issue three sons and two daughters. 

Residence : Ynysygerwn, near Neath. 
Arms: Gu., on a chevron arg. three trefoils 
slipped of the first. 

Crest'- A stag's head couped ppr. 
Motto : Craignez honte. 

LLOYD, Hertert, Esq., of Cilyhebyll, Slamor- 
gaashire. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan ; son of the 



178 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



late Francis E. Lloyd, Esq., of Cilybebyll 
(who assumed the surname Lloyd on in- 
heriting at the death of his mother), son of 
Henry Leach, Esq., of Milford and 
Cilybebyll, and his wife, Mary Brand, 
dau. of John Jones, Esq., of Brawdy, in 
the CO. of Pembroke, in whose right Cily- 
bebyll came to the Leach family; b. 1838; 
»!., 1864, Frances Harriet, dau. of S. G. 
Paidon, Esq., of Tinerara, Ireland, and 
has issue. 

Residmce: Cilybebyll, near Neath. 

XOBQAN, Evan, Esq., St. Helen's, Glamorgan- 
shire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
was Capt in the R. Artillery, and served 
under Wellington in the Peninsular war; 
was Lieut. Col. of the Royal Glam. Artillery 
Mililia, and is still Hon. Colonel of the 
same ; was Chairman of the first Swansea 
Dock Company ; son of the late John 
Morgan, Esq. ; s, on the death of his elder 
brother John, unm,^ a General in the Indian 
Army ; a younger brother, Thomas Morgan, 
was Capt. R.N. ; w., first, a dau. of Admiral 
Cheshyre, by whom he had issue three 
sons (all officers in the army) and two daus.; 
secondly. Miss Winthrop, eldest dau. of 
Admiral Winthrop. Col. Morgan's eldest 
son, Jeffrey, served in the Abyssinian war, 
was in command of the Engineers at 
the storming of King Theodore's strong- 
hold, and was spoken of in warm terms for 
his bravery in the general orders. He lies 
buried in African soil, but a monument has 
been erected to his memory in St Mary's 
Church, Swansea. 

Residence : St. Helen's, Swansea, 
Tow// Address : Junior United Service Club. 
Arms: Sa., a chevron arg. between three 
spear-heads imbrued — Bleddvn ap Maenarch. 

LINEAGE. 

The arms borne by the Morgans indicate descent 
from Bieddyn ap Maenarch, Lord of Brecknock 
in the twelfth century. 

MORGAN, Hon. Godfrey Charles, Enperra 
Castle, Glamorganshire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Monmouth, 
and J. P. for cos. of Glamorgan and 
Brecon ; M. P. for Breconshire since 1858; 
was Capt. 17th Lancers, served in Crimean 
war, and received Crimean medal and 
clasps and Turkish war medal; is Major 
of Royal Gloucestershire Yeomanry Hus- 



sars; eldest surviving son of Charles 
Morgan, first Baron Tredegar, of Tredegar 
Park, Mon., and Ruperra Castle, Glam., 
by Rosamond, dau. of Gen. Godfrey Basil 
Mundy; b. 1830; ed. at Eton; is unm. 

Residences : Ruperra Castle, near Cardiff ; and 
Tredegar Park, near Newport, Mon. 

Town Address: Carlton Club; Army and 
Navy Club. 

Arms : See Lard Tredegar, 

LINEAGE. 

For the descent of this ancient Cymric family see 
Tredegar^ Baron^ of Tredegar Park. 



MOILEIS, &eorge Byiig, Esq., of Sketty, Sla- 
morgaiiMire. 

Is J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Gla- 
morgan ; second son of the late Sir John 
Morris, Bart , of Sketty Park, and Hon. 
I.ucy Juliana, dau. of John, 5th Viscount 
Torrington ; b. 25th March, 1816, at Bryn, 
Swansea; ;w., 23rd October, 1852, Emily 
Matilda, sole dau. of C. H. Smith, Esq., of 
Gwernllwynwith and Derwen-Fawr, Gla- 
morganshire, and has issue 6 sons and 4 
daughters, the eldest son being Robert, 
b, 1853. 

Residence: Danygraig, Bridgend. 

Arms: Sa., on a saltire engrailed, ermine, a 
bezant charged with a cross couped gu. 

Crest: A lion rampant or, charged on the 
shoulder with a cross couped gu. , within a chaio 
in form of an arch, or. 

Motto : Scuto fidei. 

LINEAGE. 

For the genealogy of this family see under Sir 
John Ar mine Morris^ Bart.y of Sketty Park. 

Note. — The co. of Glamorgan has two places of 
considerable note and antiquity, called Danygraig 
(** under the rock "), and both in the vicinity of rocky 
eminences — the residence of Byng Morris being one, 
and Danygraig, situated between Neath and Swansea, 
near the Shore, the home of a branch of the Popkins 
and the Thomases, in the 17th and i8th centuries, 
being the other. At Danygraig, Bridgend, some 
interesting Roman or Romano-British antiquities 
were a few years ago discovered. *' In removing a 
bank in order to improve the grounds in the year 
1850, a coin of a Roman empress, much worn, but 
distinguishable by the head-dress, was dug up. 
Pieces of stucco with signs of a diamond pattern, &c., 
were also found. Tradition speaks of the site of an 
old house near the Ridge, under the large elm under 
which these things were discovered. It was on the 
left, or north side of the occupation road, which con- 
tinued from the main road towards the foot of the 
Graigy and then joined Bistil Lane, long since taken 
into the fields. The Rhwsted, or * house-stead,' was 
the name of the old bam close at band" (Knight's 
Newton Nottage). See also p. 65, ante. 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



179 



M0ILEI8, Sir John Annine, Barb, of Sketty 
Pork, Qlamorgaiisliire. 

A baronet of the United Kingdom, cr. 
1806 ; J. P. and D. L. of the co. of Gla- 
morgan ; sometime an Officer in the 60th 
Rifles; is patron of the living of Morriston, 
near Swansea; eldest son of the late Sir 
John Morris, Bart, and the Hon. Lady 
Morris, dau. of 5th Viscount Torrington ; 
h. at Bryn House, near Swansea, July 13, 
1813 ; ed, at Westminster School, and 
Sandhurst College; /«., December, 1847, 
Catherine Ann, dau. of Ronald Macdonald, 
Esq. ; 5. to title as 3rd baronet, and to the 
estates, February, 1855 ; has issue — 

1. Robert Armine, h. 1848. 

2. John, b. 1850. 

3. George Cecil, b. 1852. 

4. Arthur Ronald, b. 1855. 

5. Herbert, b. 1858. 
And four daughters. 

Heir: Robert Armine Morris. 

Residences: Sketty Park, and Havod, near 
Swansea ; Marina Villa, Mumbles. 

Town Addnss : Carlton Club. 

Arms : Sable, on a saltier engrailed ermine, a 
bezant charged with a cross couped gu. 

Crest: Within a chain in the form of an arch 
a lion rampant or, charged on the shoulder with a 
cross couped as in the arms. 

Motto : Scuto fidei. 

LINEAGE. 

Tliis family traces its descent maternally from 
Owain Gwynedd^ Prince of North Wales (12th 
cent.), through Cadwgan Fawr, and the Parrys of 
Neuadd Trefawr, co. of Cardigan, one of whom 
was Stephen Parry, Esq., M.P. for Cardigan A.D. 
1714—1727 (see Members of Pari, for Cardigan)^ 
and paternally from the Morrises of Bishop's Castle, 
Salop. It has intermarried with the Musgraves of 
Cumberland, and the Byngs, Viscounts Torrington. 
Sir John Morris, Kt., temp. Henry VII., was of 
this stock. 

John Morris, Esq., of Clasemont^ near Swansea ; 
b. 1745; cr. a baronet 1806 ; m. Henrietta, dau. 
of Sir Philip Musgrave, Bart., of Eden Hall, 
Cumberland, by whom he had, with several daus., 
a son and heir, — 

Sir John Morris, 2nd Bart, of Clasemont ; b. 
1775 ; m.. 1809, Lucy Juliana, dau. of John Byng, 
5th Viscount Torrington, and had issue, besides 
several daus., — 

1. John Armine, the present and 3rd Baronet 
of Sketty Park (as above). 

2. Geor^^e Byng (see By ng Morris of Danygraig). 

3. Frederick, an officer in the R.N. 

4. Charles Henry, C.B., b. 1824, a Col. in the 
Royal Artillery. 

Note. — Sketty Park, formerly belonging to Lord 
Broke, descendant of Earl Warwick, conqueror of 
the kingdom of Glamorgan, was enclosed with a wall 
by the grandfather of the present baronet Several 
of the ruined castles in Gower were built by the 
aborve-mentioned Earl of Warwick, Sketty Park 
was built about 1820— partially with the Bath and 



Portland stone, the remains of the former Mansion 
House at Clasemont, in the same county, erected in 
1770 by the grandfather of the present baronet, 
whose father was the first of the family who 
removed from North to South Wales, and first 
resided at Tredegar, Mon. The etymology of 
''Sketty'' is probably is-Ketty, " lower Ketty." 

NICHOLL, Iltyd, Esq., of the Ham, Glamor- 
gansliire. 

J. P. for Monmouthshire and Glamorgan- 
shire ; Sheriff of Monmouthshire 1831 ; 
eldest son of the late Rev. Iltyd Nicholl, 
D.D., Rector of Treddington, Worcester- 
shire ; b. at Treddington 19th July, 1785; 
ed. at St. Paul's School, London; w., nth 
August, 1807, Eleanor, only child of George 
Bond, Esq. ; of Newland, Gloucestershire, 
and Court Blethin, Monmouthshire (she 
d, 1850), and had issue three sons and 
two daughters. 

Heir: George Whitlock Nicholl, Esq., of 
Court Blethin, co. of Mon., J. P. for the co. of 
Man. 

Residences: The Ham, Glamorganshire; Court 
Blethin, Monmouthshire. 

Arms : Sable, three pheons argent. 

Crest : A baltlementei tower surmounted by a 
Cornish chough proper. 

Motto : Duw a digon. 

LINEAGE. 

The family of Nicholl have been seated at The 
Ham nearly 300 years, and were found even 
earlier than that period (as well as later) at Llan- 
twit Major, where resided John Nicholl, whose 
will was proved 1599, and who bore the arms still 
borne by the family, viz., Sa., 3 pheons arg. His 
son was called Iltyd— a name which has been 
continued at frequent intervals ever since. From 
Iltyd Nicholl, of The Ham, 3rd son of Iltyd. gr. 
grandson of the above John Nicholl, has descended 
the long line of the Ham family. His mother was 
Cecil, dau. of Edmond Turbervill, Esq., of Llan- 
twit Major. He left a son, — 

Iltyd Nicholl, Esq., of The Ham, b. 1635, who 
m. Mary, dau. of Morgan Jones, Esq., of Eramp- 
ton, and had issue — 

Iltyd Nicholl, of The Ham, Clerk, Rector of 
Llanmaes. who by his wife, Susannah, dau. and 
co-h. of John Whitlock, Esq., of Bingham, Somer- 
set, had, besides John, 3rd son, founder of the 
Mcrlhyr Mawr branch (see Nicholl of Merthyr 
Mawr)^ an eldest son and heir — 

Whitlock Nicholl, Esq., of The Ham ; J. P. 
and D. L. for the co. of Glam. ; Sheriff of the 
same co. 1746. He m , 1 741, Anne, dau. and 
co-h. of John Lewis, Esq., of Penlline, " by whom 
he had 14 children. 6 sons and 8 daus , of whom 
eight only survived their parents, and three sons 
and one dau. only had issue." (D Jenkin's MS.) 
The eldest son was — 

Rev. Iltyd Nicholl, D.D., Rector of Treddington, 
who was the progenitor of a large family. Uis 
eldest son and h. being — 

I. Iltyd Nicholl, Esq., now of The Ham (as 
above) and his sixth son being — 

6. Rev. Robert Nicholl, M.A., late of Dimlands 
(see Nieholl'Came of Dimlands and St. Donates 
Castle), 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



NICEOLL, John Cole, Esq., of Herthjr Ibwr, 
OlimorgaiiBliim 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan ; eldest son 
of the late Right Hon. John Nicholl, 
D.C.L.,M.P, for Cardiff Boroughs 183a— 
1852, and Judge Advocate- General, 1841 
(see Pari. Annals, Glam.); b. 1823; ed. 
at Ch. Ch., Oxford ; m., i860, Mary De la 
Beche. dau. of L. LI DiHwyn, Esq., M.P. 
of Hendiefoilan, co. of Glamorgan, and 



Rfsidfiice: Merthyr Mawr, near Bridgend. 
Tovin Adiiress : CarUon Club. 
Arms: Kb., three pheons arg. 
Cral: On a tower, a Comisb chough, wings 
eipanded, ppr. 

LINEAGE. 

This facnil] 
of Hi 

Nkhelt-Carncef SI. Donal's Caslle). J&hn Nicholl. 
Esq., or Llanmaes. third son or the Rev. Iltyd 
Nicho'], of Ham. Rector of Lliuimaes, was grand- 
father of Sir John Nicholl, Kt., of Menhjr Mawr, 
whase son. Sir John Nicholl, K(. (above named). 
H.r. for Cirdiffi m. Jane Harriet, dau. of the 
late Thomas Man:«l Talbot, Hsq., at Margam 
Abbey, and had. with other issue, — 

John Cole Nicholl, nowof Merthyr Mawr. 



FEABSOF, John Richard, Esq., of Craig jc 
Haul, GlanLorgansJure. 

Late Captain Royal Arlillery; J. P. for co. 
of Monmouth ; son of Rev. J. Pearson, of 
Heronpate, Brentwood, Essex, Rector of 
Little Warley and East Homdon, Essex, 
Rural Dean, &c. ; b. at Bognor, Sussex, 
i6ih April, 1833; ed. at Rugby; ni., 1st, 
1854. Charlotte, dau. of Col. Crominelin, 
(sherf. 1856); ind, 1861, Cecile, dau. of 
the late George Charles Holford, Esq , of 
New Parle. Wilis, and granddaughter of the 
late Josiah Holford, Esq., of Cilgwyn, Car- 
marthenshire. 



; Are., sem6e of billets, 
three horses' heads ppr. 

Crist: A hoise's head couped ppr., Scm^ of 
billets and mural ly goi^ed. 

MoUti .- In Deo spes. 

FENUGE, Thomas, Eaq., of EilTTOagh. 61a- 
morganBhira. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan; served the 
office of High Sheriff for same co. in 1867 ; 
is patron of the livings of llston, Pennard, 
and Langennith, in the co. of Glamorgan ; 
and son of the late John Penricc, Esq., of 



Great Yarmouth, in the co. of Norfolk ; 

b. 6th April, 1820, at Hopland Hall, near 
Gt. Yarmouth; ft/. at Eton; m., lothjune, 
1852, Louisa, the and daughter of the Rev. 
George Ernest Howman.M A.,of Bameslcy 
Rectory, Gloucestershire ; succ. his uncle, 
Thomas Penrice, Esq., of Kilvrough (Sheriff 
for Glam. 1836; Capt. in i6th Lancers, 
and served under Wellington), in the year 
1846 ; has issue two daughters. 

Raiiirnct: Kilvrough, near Swansea. 

Arms: Per pale indented ai^. and gn., in 
canton a wolf's head couped at the neck sa. 

Cral: Two wings elevated, charged with two 
mullets of sin points in pale px. 

Mollis: Tuto et celeritcr (above crest) ; Justui 
et propositi tenax (under shield). 

LINEAGE. 

Mr. Fenrice of Kilvrough tmces from an ancient 
family of the same name which has been for many 
generations located in the eouoly of Worcester, 
the eldest branch of which family was seated at 
Pinrice CailU, near Swansea, in the lordship of 
(rfiwer and county of Glamorgan, a lortiship which 
passe'l into the hands of the Mansels of Mai^am 
through the mairiage of Isabella Penrice with a 
memlier of that lamily. See Mantel of JIfargan, 
PiarJce Caslle, &c. 

J^ate. — Kilvrough — one of the many places of note 
in the historic district of Cower -is well known as 
the old abode of the Dawkin family, the most cele- 
brated of whose members was Col. Rowland Dawkin, 
M.P., a distinguished officer in the Cromwellian army. 
See anle Denekin ef Kilvrough, and Mtmoir, by CcJ. 
Fnuicis, F.S.A. 

FEIGIAED, WiUiam, Esq., of Crofta Hoose, 
Slamorgansbire. 

J. P. for CO. of Glamorgan ; son of the 

late William Prichard.Shipownerof Cardiff; 
b. 1811 ; m. Miss Bradley of Cardiff; has 
issue three daughters, co- heiresses. 

Residenei: Crofia House, near Llantrisant. 



PATGE. Joint Bmo^ Esq., of D^ffirn, Qla- 

moigansMra 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
eldest son of the late John Knight, Esq., 
of Llanblethian, in the same co,, by Mar- 
garet, dau. of William Bruce, Esq., of that 
place, whose surname, and subsequently 
that of Pryce, he adopted (see Lineage); 
b. a3rd July, 1784; m., 1st, 1807, Sarah 
(d. 1841), dau. of Rev. Hugh Williams 
Austin, a resident of Barbadoes ; zndly, 
1844, Alicia Grant, dau. of William Bushly, 
Esq., of London ; had issue by first wife 
five sons and seven daus. The sons are — 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



i8i 



1. John Wyndham^ barrister-at-law, m,y 
and had issue ; 2. Henry Austin, bar- 
rister-at-law, now of the Privy Council 
and Secretary of the Home Department 
(see Bruce of Dyffryn) ; 3. Rev. William 
Bruce, M. A., Canon of Llandaff, and Rector 
of St. Nicholas ; 4. Robert, a col. in the 
army ; 5. Lewis Knight. 

Residence : Dyffryn^ St Nicholas, near Cardiff. 

LINEAGE. 

The family of Bruce Pryce of Dyffryn traces 
maternally to an ancient Glamorgan stock, the 
Lewises of Van and Llanishen, of the lineage of 
Ivor Bach of Castell Coch, living in the twelfth 
century, of whom Giraldus Cambrensis (/////., VJ.) 
gives account (see Ivor Back). Sir Thomas Lewis, 
Knt, of Llanishen, had a son, Gabriel Lewis, Esq., 
of the same place, Sheriff of Glamorgan 161 5 
{%etLetoiso/ Green Meadow) f whose dau. Jane m. — 

William Bruce, Esq., of Llanblethian, co. of 
Glam., and had issue a dau. and only surviving 
child, Margaret Bruce, who m. — 

John Knight, Esq., of Llanblethian, and had 
issue besides 3 daus. — 

1. John, now of Dyffryn as above, who, instead 
of his own surname of Knight, adopted his mother's 
maiden surname, Bruce, and sutssquently, on in- 
heriting Dyffryn under the will of Thomas Pryce, 
Esq., who made him heir in case of the death with- 
out issue of his own daughter, Mrs. Grey, {d. 1837, ) 
wife of the Hon. W. Booth Grey, that of Pryce. 

2. William Bruce Knight, Chancellor, and after- 
wards Dean of Llandaff, d. 1845. 

3. James Lewis, Knight, afterwards Lord Justice 
Sir J. L. Knight Bruce, d. 1867. 



SIGEAEDS, Evan Matthew, Esq., of Brook- 
lands, Olamorganshire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
M.P. for Cardiganshire, elected 1868; 
was Mayor of Swansea 1856 and 1863 ; son 
of the late Mr. R. Richards, of Swansea ; 
b, at Swansea, January, 182 1 ; m. Maria, 
daughter of James Sloane, Esq. j has issue 
six sons and one daughter. 

Heir : William Frederic. 
Residence: Brooklands, Swansea. 
Town Address : 3, Kensington Gate ; Reform 
Club. 

BIGEABDSOIT, James Coxon, Esq., of eian'rafon, 
eiamorgansbire. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan; F.G.S.,&c., 
&c. ; fourth son of John Richardson, Esq., 
J. P. of Swansea, and brother of J. Crow 
Richardson, Esq., of Pantygwydir, Glam., 
and Glanbrydan Park, Carm. ; d. at South 
Shields, co. of Durham, 181 7 ; ^^Z. at Myrtle 
Hall School, Gloucestershire; »»., first, 
Hannah Mary, second dau. of Thomas 



Barker, Esq., J. P., &c., of Rosella Hall, 
Northumberland ; secondly, Elizabeth, dau. 
of John Nichol, Esq., of London, the 
adopted child of the Rt Hon. Sir John 
Pirie, Bart. ; thirdly, Georgiana Skirrow, 
second dau. of John Nelson, Esq., of 
Doctors* Commons and of Seymour Street, 
Hyde Park, London ; has issue — 

By second mar, John Pirie, b, 1848. 

By third mar., three sons and two 
daus. : — 

Nelson Moore, ^..1855. 

Ida Caroline Frances, d. 1856. 

Horace Grant, d. 1858. 

Evelyn Georgina, b. i860. 

Lionel James, d. 1862. 

Residence : Glan'rafon, near Sw^ansea. 

Arms : Sa., on a chief arg. three lions' heads 
erased, ermines, langued gu. 

Crest : On a mural crown or, a lion's head 
erased of the arms. 

Alotto : Pretio prudentia prscstat 

RICHAEDSON, Jolin Crow, Esq , of Pantygwy- 
dir, iilam., and Olanbryaan Park, Carm. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan and for the 
bor. of Swansea; was Mayor of Swansea 
1860-1, and for several years Captain and 
Acting Commandant of the 3rd Glamorgan 
Rifle Volunteers; eldest son of John Rich- 
ardson, Esq., J. P., of Swansea, and of 
Whitby Lodge, Northumberland; d, at 
Leith, Jan. 30, 1810; m., fiist, 6th Nov., 
1837, Elizabeth, eldest dau. of Mr. Thomas 
Walters, of Swansea ; secondly, Aug. 23, 
1848, Eliza Fletcher, youngest dau. of the 
Rev. John Ross, of Crawford, Lanark- 
shire ; purchased the Pantygwydir estate 
i860 ; has issue by first marriage — 

/o/in Cro7u, only son, b. 26th Feb., 1842 ; 
m. Theresa Eden Pearce Serocold, and has 
issue Alfred John and Ernald Edward. 

Amy, b. 17th Sept., 1840, ;//., June i, 
1864, George Pearce Serocold, Esq., of 
Rodborough Lodge, Gloucestershire, whose 
father was Dean of Ely and Principal of 
Jesus Coll., Cambridge. 

Heir : John Crow Richardson. 

Residences : Pantygwydir, near Swansea ; Glan- 
brydan Park, Carmarthenshire. 

Arms (granted 1615) : Sa., on a chief arg. three 
lions* heads, erased, ermines, langued gu. 

Crest : On a mural crown or, a lion*s head of 
the arms. 

AfoUo : Pretio prudentia praestat. 

LINEAGE. 

This family is of common origin with that from 
which Sir Thomas Richardson, Kt., one of the 
judges of the Excheouer, was descended, and which 
is extensively seated in the cos. of Durham and 
Northumberland . 



l82 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



EOMIILY, Edward, Esq., of Porth Kerry, 
Qlamorganshire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
Sheriff for same co. 1869 ; younger son of 
the late Sir Samuel Romilly, Kt., by Anne, 
dau. of Francis Garbett, Esq., of Knill 
Court, CO. of Radnor, and brother of Lord 
Romilly, Master of the Rolls; b. 1804; 
ed. at Trinity Hall, Cambr. ; m.^ 1830, 
Sophia, dau. of Alexander Marcet, Esq., 
M.D. ; was M.P. for Ludlow 1833-4; was 
Chairman of Audit Board of Public 
Accounts. 

Residence: Forth Kerry, near Cowbridge. 

Tozvn Address: 14, Stratton Street, W. 

Arms : Arg., in base a rock with nine projec- 
tions, from each of which issuant a lily, all ppr. ; 
on a chief az., a crescent between two mullets of 
the first. 

Crest : On a wreath a crescent arg. 



EOUS, Col. George Grey, of Courtyrala, Gla- 
morgansmre. 

Entered the army and became Lieut.-Col. 
of Grenadier Guards ; J. P. and D. L. for 
the CO. of Glamorgan ; Sheriff for same co. 
i860 ; eldest son of the late Thomas Bates 
Rous of Courtyrala, J. P., D. L., and 
Sheriff (in 181 7) of the co. of Glamorgan, 
by his wife Charlotte Gwendoline, dau. of 
Sir Robert Salusbury, Bart., of Llanwern, 
Mon. : if. 1818 : is unm, 

Residence : Courtyrala, near Cardiff. 
Ttna^t Address : Guards' Club. 
At MS : Or, an eagle displayed az., pruning the 
wing, foot and beak gu. 
Crest : A dove arg. 
Motto : Vescitur Christo. 

LINEAGE. 

The Roll of Battle Abbey contains the name 
RouSf and the name takes in some records the form 
Rufus, This family is said to descend from this 
knight in the Conqueror's train, whose full desig- 
nation was Ranalphus le Rufus. Before the 
settlenient of the family in Wales through the pur- 
chase of Pi ercefield (Mon.) by Thomas Rous, Esq. 
K<^- J737)> they had been successively seated at 
Edmerstone and Halton m Devonshire. Of their 
number was the celebrated Francis Rouse, translator 
of the Psalms (still used by the Scotch Kirk), Mem- 
ber for Truro, or Devonshire, of the Little Parlia- 
ment Provost of Eton, and Speaker of Cromwell's 
Parliament {Carlyle ; and Roll 0/ Battle Abbey, 

P- 94)- 

Thomas Rous, Esq.,of Pieroefield, sonof Thomas 
Thomas Rous just named, sold that estate to the 
Morris family. He m, Mary, dau. of Thomas 
Bates, Esq., and had, besides his eldest son 
William, who d, unm., Thomas Bates, George, 
and Robert. 

Thomas Bat«s Rous, Esq., who resided in Eng- 



land, and was sometime M.P. for Worcester, d. 
s. p, in 1800, and was s, by his bretlier, — 

Geoi^e Rous, Esq., of London, Barrister-at-law, 
M. P. for Shaftesbury, &c. His eldest son, — 

Thomas Bates Rous, the first of Court3rrala, 
Sheriff of CO. of Glamorgan 1817; m., 181 1, a 
dau. of Sir Robert Salusbury, Bart., and had with 
several da us. a son and heir, — 

George Grey Rous, now of Courtyrala (as 
above). 

Note. — Courtyrala is a manor of considerable an- 
tiquity, having its name from Sir Simon de Rayle, 
Lord of the Manor of Wrinston and Michaelston, 
Glam., whose place of residence and feudal rule was 
subsequently called Court-y-Rayle, corrupted into 
* * Courtyrala . * * Stc ante, De Rayle of Wnnston. 



SALMON. William, Esq., of Penlline Court, 
Olainorgansliire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
only son of the late W. Salmon, Esq., of 
Petistree House, Suffolk, by Sarah, dau. of 
Denny Cole, Esq., of Sudbury Priory, 
Suffolk; b. 1790; m.y 1816, Hester, elder 
dau. and co-h. of Reynold Thomas Deere, 
Esq., J. P. and D. L., of Penlline Court, 
and has issue — 

Thomas Deere^ ^.' 1820 ; ed, at Eton and 
Exeter Coll., Oxford, where \i^ grad, M.A. ; 
is a barrister of Lincoln's Inn. 

Heir : Thomas Deere Salmon. 
Residence : Penlline Court, near Cowbridge. 
Crest : A dexter arm, cmbowed, in armour, 
holding a scimitar proper. 
Motto : Dum spiro spero. 

LINEAGE. 

Mr. Salmon is lineally descended from Sir 
Thomas Salmon, Kt., tern/. Richard I., and col- 
laterally from John Salmon, Lord High Chancellor 
of England, temp. Edward IL Hester, his wife, 
was of a very ancient Glamorganshire family, which 
traced its descent from Edwin, fourth son of Howel 
Dda, or Howel the Good, King of South Wales 
and Powys 907, and of all Wales 940, — and from 
Herbert, natural son of King Henry I. 



SMITH, Charles Henry, Esq., of Swemllwyii- 
with, Glamorganslilre. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan ; High 
Sheriflf of the same county in 1839; son 
of the late Charles Smith, Esq., of Gwem- 
Uwynwith ; b. 25th Dec, 1804; m., 1831, 
Emily, dau. of Sir George Leeds, Bart., of 
Croxton Park, Camb. ; has surviving issue 
one daughter, Emily Matilda. (See Byng^ 
MorriSy Danygraig.) 

Residence : Gwemllwynwith, near Swansea. 
Arms : Or and az, indented sinistcrwise, two 
crosses counterchanged. 

Crest : Out of coronet, a dove volamt. 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



f83 



SdTJIBE, Bey. Edward Bumard, Swansea, 
Glamorganshire. 

Rural Dean ; Vicar of Swansea 1846 ; 
Chaplain of ist Glamorganshire Artillery 
Volunteers ; formerly in Convocation ; was 
Lieut Indian Navy and Paymaster in the 
Burmese war 1827 — 1829; Author of a 
" Series of Sermons on Special Occasions,'* 
" British Sovereignty in India," &c. ; b, at 
Taunton 1804; ed, at St. Bee's College; 
m.^ first, Eliza Anne, dau. of Capt. William 
Bruce, Indian Navy, and British resident 
of Bushire in Persia ; secondly, Caroline 
Herschel, dau. of George Harvey, F.R.S. ; 
thirdly, 26th Oct., 1852, dau. of Thomas 
Bo wen, Esq., of Johnstone Hall, Pembroke- 
shire, sister of the late Bishop Bowen, of 
Sierra Leone ; has issue 3 sons and 3 daus. 
living. 

Residence : The Vicarage, Swansea. 
Cresi : Tiger's paw holding a fleur-de-lis. 
MaUo : Tiens ferme. 



SIEfiBT, Alfred, Esq., of Danyooed, Glamor- 
ganshire. 

Son of Richard Sterry, Esq , Oakfield Lodge, 
Croydon ; d, 1823; w., 1864, Alice Rosina, 
daughter of Henry Crawshay, Esq., of 
Langland, near Swansea, and Oaklands, 
Gloucestershire ; has issue i son, 2 daus. 

Residence : Dan y Coed, near Swansea. 
Arms: (not received). 

BTUAET, James Frederick Criolitoii-, M.P, 
Cardiff, Qlamorgansliire. 

Lieut.-Col. in the army (retired) ; served 
in the Grenadier Guards 1842 — 1861 ; 
Lord Lieutenant of Buteshire; M.P. for 
united boroughs of Cardiff, Cowbridge, 
and Llantrisant since first elected in 1857 ; 
son of late Lord James Stuart, M.P., 
brother to 2nd Marquess of Bute (see Bu/e, 
Marquess of); b, Feb. 17, 1824; ed. at 
Eton, and Trinity Coll., Cambridge; m, 
Gertrude Frances, dau. of the Rt. Hon. 
Sir G. H. Seymour, G.C.B. ; has issue i 
son and 2 daughters. 

Town Residence : 25, Wilton Crescent. 

Arnis: 1st and 4th, or, a fesse cheeky arg. and 
az. within a double tressure flory countcrflory gu. 
—Stuart ; 2nd and 3rd, arg., a lion ramp, az.— 
Crichton ; over all a crescent for difference. 

Crests : I. A demi-lion ramp, gu., and over it 
the motto ** Nobilis est ira leonis " — Stuart, 2. 
A dragon vert, flames issuing from the mouth, 
ppr. — CricAton. 

Moito : Avito viret honore. 



LINEAGE. 



For Lineage^ see Bute^ Marqiiessofy Cardiff Castle, 
of whose family Col. Stuart is a cadet. 



TALBOT, Christoplier Eice Mansel-, Esq., of 
Margam Park, Olamorganshire. 

Lord Lieut, of Glamorganshire since 1848 ; 
M.P. for Glamorganshire since 1830; is 
patron of five livings, Reynoldston, Oxwich- 
cum-Nicholaston, Langeinor, Llandough- 
cum-St. Mary Church, and Margam Vicar- 
age ; eldest son of the late Thomas Mansel 
Talbot, Esq., of Margam Park, J. P. and 
D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan, and Sheriff 
for same co. 1781, by the Lady Mary 
Lucy, dau. of Henry Thomas, 2nd E^rl 
of llchester ; b. at Penrice Castle, near 
Swansea, May 10, 1803 ; ed, at Harrow, 
and Oriel Coll., Oxford ; grad, B.A. in 
1824, First Class in Mathematics; succ. 
1824 ; m.^ 1835, to Lady Charlotte Butler, 
sister to the Earl of Glengall(she d, 1846), 
and has issue one son, thtee daughters. 

Heir : Theodore Mansel, b. 1837 ; ed, at Christ 
Church, Oxford ; J. P. for co. of Glam. 

Residences : Margam Park, and Penrice Castle, 
Glamorganshire. 

Taivn House : 3, Cavendish Square. 

Amis : Gu., a lion rampant or, armed and lan- 
gued az., within a bordure engrailed of the second. 

Crest: A lion or, with tail extended. 

Afotto : Prest d'accomplir. 

LINEAGE. 

This branch of the Talbot family, of common 
origin with Talbots, Earls of Shrewsbury, Lord Chan- 
cellor Talbot of Hensol Castle, Talbots of Castle 
Talbot, Ireland, &c., came into Glamorgan through 
the marriage of John Ivory Talbot, Esq., ofLacock 
Abbey, with Mary, dau. and h. of Thomas Mansel, 
Lord Mansel of Margam. The Mansel family had 
for many ages held a position of prime influence in 
Glamorgan, seated successively at Oxwich Castle, 
Penrice Castle, and Margam Abbey (which see), 
from about A. D. 1400, when Sir Hugh Mansel m, 
Isabel, dau. of Sir John Penrhys, Lord of Oxwich 
and Penrhys (Penrice), to A.D. 1750, when Bussy, 
the last Lord Mansel of Margam and Penrice, died, 
and the estate passed by the marriage just mentioned 
to the Mansel-Talbot line. 

From Sir Hugh Mansel, Kt., Sir Rhys {yCvcit) 
Mansel^ Kt., Lord of Oxwich, and builder of Ox- 
wich Castle, Chamberlain of Chester, Sheriff of 
Glamorgan in 1542, was fiith in descent ; from Henry 
Mansel, Esq., the first who settled in Gower (/««/. 
Edward I.), tenth; and from Philip Mansel, or 
Maunchel, who is said to have "come in with the 
Conqueror," about eighteenth. At the dissolution 
of the monasteries he purchased Margam Abbey 
from the commissioners of Henry VIII., and 
partly by adaptation of the structure of the abbey, 
partly by new buildings constructed there (1552), 
formed a laige and sumptuous mansion, which 
became the chief residence of the Mansel family. 



i84 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Sir Edward Afansdy Kt., his son, m. Lady Jane, 
4th dau. of Henry, 2nd Earl of Worcester, by 
whom he had 15 sons and 4 daus. He was Sheriff 
of Glamorgan 1576. His second son, Francis, 
was made a baronet by James I., and by his wife 
Catherine, dau., andh. of Henry Morgan, Esq., of 
Muddlescombe was progenitor of the Mansels of 
/scacd Sind Trimsaran^ Cami. From his third son, 
Philip, were descended the Mansels of Swansea, 
Robert, fourth son, knighted by the Earl of Essex 
for his valour in taking Cadiz, 1596, made Vice- 
Admiral by James L, m. Elizabeth, sister of the 
celebrated Lord Bacon. On the death of Sir Ed- 
ward in 1585 (see Margam Abbey) — 

Sir Thomas Mansel, Kt. and Bart. , of Margam, 
succeeded. He was Sheriff of Glamoi^an 1594, 
1604, and 1623; M.P. for same co. 1597, &c. 
(see Pari. Annals of G lam,). By Mary, his first 
wife, dau. of Lewis Lord Mordaunt, he had four 
sons (by a 2nd wife he had daus. ), the heir being — 

Sir Lewis Mansel, Bart., of Margam. Was 
Sheriff of Glam. 1636; in conjunction with Edward 
Viscount Mandeville, and William Came, Esq., of 
Nash, he obtained from Charles L the office of 
Chamberlain and Chancellor of South Wales during 
their respective lives and the survivor of them. 
Bv his third wife, Elizabeth, dau. of Henry, Earl 
of Manchester, Lord Privy Seal, he had two sons, 
Henry and Edward, and was succ. by the younger 
and surviving of them, — 

Sir Edward Mansel, Bart., of Margam, one of 
the most distinguished of his race. He was Sheriff 
for the CO. of Glam. 1688; M.P. for same co. 
1660, 1680, and 1685 ; entertained at Margam 
the Duke of Beaufort on his progress as Lord 
President of Wales in 1684 (see Marram Abbey) ; 
m. Martha, dau. and co-h. of Edward Came, Esq., 
of Ewenny, and was succ. by his 2nd but eldest 
surviving son. — 

Sir Thomas Mansel, Bart., afterwards Lord 
Mansel of Margam, M.P. for co. of Glamorgan 
1700— 17 10 ; cr. Baron Mansel of Margam by 
Queen Anne in 1 7 12; Comptroller of the Household 
under Queen Anne, and Member of Privy Council 
(see further Pari, Annals^, He m, Martha, dau. 
and h. of Francis Millington, Esq., and by her, 
besides four daus., had three sons, Robert^ Chris- 
topher y and Bussy. The first w., had issue one 
son, Thomasy and dying in his father's lifetime, left 
the succession in that son. 

Thomas, 2nd Lord Mansel of Margam, succ. as 
a minor at his grandfather's death, and d, unm, , 
at. 25. 

Christopher, 3rd Lord Mansel of Margam, dwelt 
at Newick Place, Sussex, and was never married. 
He settled Margam estate, after the death of his 
brother Bussy, upon Thomas Mansel. eldest son 
of his sister Mary, wife of John Ivory Talbot. Esq., 
above-mentioned ; d. 1744, and was buried at 
Newick. 

Bussy, 4th and last Lord Mansel of Margam, 
now succ. He was before his elevation to the 
peerage M.P. for Cardiff 1 727, and afterwards for 
Glamorgan 1737. (See Pari. Annals.) He 
d. s. A in London 1750, and was buried at St. 
James s, Westminster. 

Thomas Talbot, Clerk, in right of his mother 
now inherited Margam and Penrice Castle estates. 
He pt. Jane, dau. of Thomas Beach, Esq., of 
Keevil, Wilts, and had two sons, Thomas and 
Christopher ; the eldest, — 

Thomas Mansel Talbot, Esq., of Penrice Ca.«tle 
and Margam, m,, 1794, Laay Mary Luc^ Fox 
Strangways, dau. of Henry Thomas, 2nd Earl of 



Ilchest^r (she m, 2ndly, 1815, Sir Christopher 
Cole, K.C.B. [set Pari. Annals, p. 150J), andhad 
with other issue (see Traheme, Mrs., St. Hilary ; 
Llruielyn, Penllet^gaery <5r»r. ) — 

Christopher Mansel-Talbot, now of Mar- 
gam and Penrice Castle (as above). 



THOMAS, Hubert de Burgh, Esq., of PwUy- 
wrach, Olamorgansliire. 

Is one of the co-heirs to the Barony of 
Burgh or Borough of Gainsborough, now 
in abeyance ; J. P. for county of Gla- 
morgan ; late Captain of the i8th Gla- 
morgan Rifle Corps ; is patron of Col- 
winston Vicarage ; b. at Pwllywrach, Sept. 
6th, 1842 ; ed, at Cheltenham College, and 
Trin. Coll., Oxford; J. to estates 1853. 

Heir : His brother, Robert Curre. 

Residence: P>*llywrach. 

Arms : Gu , three chevrons arg. 

Crest : A paschal lamb. 

Mottoes : Nil desperandam ; Christo duce. 

THOMAS, John Blackwell Dawson, Esq., of 
Tregroes, Qlamorganshlre. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan ; d. 3rd 
March, 1840, at Fulham, Middlesex; m.y 
17th June, 1868, Louisa, second daughter 
of Charles Dawson, Esq., of Exmouth, 
Devon ; s. to estates 1863 ; has issue one 
son, Edward Dawson. 

Heir : Edward Dawson. 
Residences : Tregroes, near Bridgend ; Withy- 
combe, near Exmouth. 
Motto : Nil desperandum. 



THOMAS, Bichard Eobert Eees, Esq., Court 
House, Glamorgcmshire. 

Son of the late William Thomas, Esq ; b. 
Nov. 1 2th, 1823 ; a/, at the Swansea 
Grammar School ; m, ist, Feb., 1857, 
Janet Jan^, eldest dau. of Thomas Thomas, 
Esq., of Lechwan, Lanfabon ; 2ndly, Sep- 
tember, 1864, Anna Mary, daughter of 
Christopher Williams, Esq., of Llantwit 
Major; s. June, 1858; has issue two sons 
and one daughter. 

Residence : Court House, Merthyr. 
Arms : A lion rampant, holding a laurel 
branch in the paw. 
Crest : A demi-lion as in arms. 
Motto : Floreat launis. 

TEAHEENB, Anthony Powell, Esq., of Broad- 
lands, Olamorganshira 

Entered the army 17th Foot 29th July, 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



185 



1853 ; Lieut. 6th June, 1854 ; Captain 4th 
December, 1857; served in the Crimean 
war from December, 1854, to end of the 
war; present at the assault of Redan i8th 
June, bombardment and surrender of 
Kinbourn, medals and clasp; appointed 
adjutant of ist ad. Batt. Glamorgan Rifle 
Volunteers in August, 1863 ; J. P. for the 
CO. of Glamorgan ; 3rd surviving son of 
Morgan Popkin Traherne, Esq., and Eliza- 
beth Margaret, his wife {nh Rickards) ; 
b. at Coytrehen, near Bridgend, 4th 
January, 1834; ed. at Woolwich and Sher- 
borne; w., February 9, 1865, Lucy Lock- 
wood, dau. of the late Thomas Onslow, 
Esq. ; has issue one son, Onslow Powell. 

Heir: Onslow Powell. 

Residence: Broadlands, near Bridgend. 

7vwn Address: Naval smd Military Club, 
Piccadilly. 

Motto : Ofna Dduw a'r Brenhin : "Fear God 
and the King." 



TEAHERNE, Krs , of St. Hilary, Glamorgan- 
shire. 

Charlotte Louisa Traherne, of St Hilary 
and Coedriglan, widow of the Rev. John 
Montgomery Traherne, M.A., of Coed- 
riglan, F.R.S , F.S.A. ; Chancellor of Llan- 
daff ; J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan 
(//. s, p. i860) ; 3rd dau. of the late Thomas 
Mansel Talbot, Esq , of Margam and Pen- 
rice Castle, CO. Glam., by Lady Mary 
Lucy, dau. of Henr}- Thomas, 2nd Earl of 
Ilchester; is sister of C. R. Mansel Talbot, 
Esq., M.P. of Margam and Penrice Castle, 
Lord Lieut, of Glamorganshire since 1848 
(see Afansci Talbot of Margam); b.zX Pen- 
rice Castle, Feb. 5th, 1800 ; w., 1830, to 
Rev. John Montgomery Traherne (see for 
lineage, under George Montgomery Traherne 
of St, Hilary); s. her husband i860; is 
patron of the livings of St. George-super- 
Ely, St BrideVsuper-Ely cum Michaelston- 
super-Ely. 

Heir: To Coedriglan^ George Montgomery 
Traherne, Esq., nephew of Rev. John M. Tra- 
herne ; and to St. Hilary, Llewelyn Basset 
Saunderson, Esq., a cousin. 

Residence : St. Hilary, near Cowbridge. 

Arnts : Az. , a chevron sable inter 3 choughs 
proper, on a canton barry of six arg. and az., a 
lion rampant gules. 

Motto : Dives qui contentus. 

LINEAGE. 

For the Talbot lineage sec Manse/- Talbot of Mar- 
gam ; and for the Traherne lineage, which traces 
directly in the female line through the Herberts of 



Swansea, progenitors of the Earls of Pembroke^ 
Powis. &c., see the next succeding article, and 
also pedigree in Traherne' s Hist, Notice of Sir Mat' 
the%v Cradockf Kt, 

Note. — The family mansions at Coedriglan and St. 
Hilary are modern structures. On the estate is St, 
Georgis Castle in ruins, the manor belonging to which 
was given by Fitzhamon to Sir John Fleming (see Le 
Fleming of St. Ceorgis and Flemingston), An inte- 
resting specimen of the ancient Pigeon-house is found 
at Cadoxtonjuxta-Barry. 



TEAHEENB, George Monteomery, Esq., of St. 
Hilary, Glamorgansnire. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan ; son of the 
late Rev. George Traherne, M.A., Univ. 
Coll., Oxford, Vicar of St. Hilary and 
Rector of St. George's, co. Glamorgan, by 
Ellin, dau. of the late John Gilbert Royds, 
Esq. ; b. at St. Hilary. July 30, 1826; ed, 
at Brasenose Coll., Oxford ; grad, B.A. 
1849, M.A. 1853 ; w., in i860, Harriet, 
dau. of the late Jonathan Beever, Esq., of 
Cefn Coch, in the co. of Denbigh. Mr. 
Traherne, as representing the eldest branch 
of the family, is heir to the Coedriglan 
estates. (See also Mrs, Traherne of St. 
Hilary,) 

Heir Presumptive: His brother, Llewellyn 
Edmund Traherne, Esq., late 60th Royal RiBes. 

Residence : St. Hilary, near Cowbridge. 

Arms : Arg., a chevron sa. between three 
choughs proper, 2 and i ; on a canton barry of 
six, arg. and az., a lion rampant gu. 

Crest : A goat's head erased surmounting a 
wreath. 

Motto: Ofna Dduw a*r Brenhin; **Fear God 
and the king.' 



» 



LINEAGE. 

The Trahemes resided for many centuries at 
Castellan^ near Llantrisant, which estate was sold 
in 1808, and at Coedriglan^ near Cardiff, which 
still continues in their possession. They are de- 
scended through Sir George Herbert of Swansea 
from the sept of Einion ap Collzvyn (temp. Wil- 
liam Rufus), Lord of Senghenydd and Miskin 
after the conquest of Glamorgan by the Normans 
(see p. 37, and Einion ap Collwyn^ passim). 

Wtlliam Edmund Traherne^ Esq., of Castellau, 
/«., 1 6th Aug., 1630, Margaret Williams, dau. of 
William ap Jenkin ap William, of Aberpergwm, 
by Elizabeth Evans, aau. of Leyshon Evans, Esq., 
of Neath, by his wife Margaret Herbert, dau. of 
Mathew Herbert, Esq., of Swansea (sec p. 127), 
of the lin? of lestyn ap Qiurgant^ and had a son, — 

Edmund Traherne, Esq., of Castellau (</. 1697), 
whose wife was Prudence Llewelyn, dau. of John 
Llewelyn of Ynysygerwn, of the same ancient 
lineage. He left by her — 

Llewelyn Traherne, Esq., of Castellau (</. 1766, 
set. 80), who m. Anstance Wells, and had by her 
one son, Edmund (of whom again), and three 
daus., who all d. s, p, ; the youngest, Mary, m, 
John Llewellin, Esq., of Coedhglafi. 



i86 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Edmund Traheme, Esq., of Castellau {d. 1795), 
m. twice, first to Mary, dau. of Thomas Llewelyn, 
Esq. , of Welsh St Donat's, and had issue — 

Llewelyn Traheme, Esq. (b. 1 766, d. 1841), who 
by his first wife, Charlotte, dau. of John Edmondes, 
Esq., had a son, y ohn J^fontgonury Traheme (see 
Afrs. Traherne of St. Hilary) ; and by his second 
wife, Barbara Maria Manning, had a son, — 

George Traheme, Clerk, M.A., Vicar of St. 
Hilary, &c. {d, 1852), who by his wife Ellin, dau. 
of the late John Gilbert Royds, Esq,, of Greenhill, 
CO. of Lancaster, had — 

George Montgomery Traherne, now of 
St. Hilary (as above). 



TEEDE&AE, Charles Morgan Bobinson Morgan, 
Baron, Buperra Castle, Glamorgansmre. 

(See Tredegar^ Baron^ Tredegar Park, 
Monmouthshire.) 

ITIBBBBVrLL, Thomas Picton, Esq., of 
Ewenny Abbey, Glamorganshire. 

B.-Major h. p. Royal Artillery; J. P. for 
the CO. of Glamorgan \ patron of the Dona- 
tive of Ewenny, St. Bride's Major, and 
Llandyfodwg; son of Captain Thomas 
Warlow, Bengal Engineers, eldest son of 
Thomas Warlow, Esq., of Castle Hall, co. 
of Pembr., a nephew of Gen. Sir Thomas 
Picton; b. 8th December, 1827; ed. at 
private school, and Royal Military Aca- 
demy ; m. Lucy Eliza Connop, only dau. 
of Lt.-Col. Henry Connop, Birdhurst, 
Croydon ; s. to the Ewenny estates in 
1867, when he assumed the surname 
Turbervill. 

Heir Presumptive : His brother, John Picton 
Warlow, Esq. 

Residence : Ewenny Abbey, near Bridgend. 

TawH Address : Jun. United Service Club. 

Arms: Quarterly: ist and 4th, cheeky or 
and sable, a fesse erminois — Turbervill ; 2nd 
and 3rd, per chevron or and gules, three escut- 
cheons, each charged with a tower counterchanged 
— Warlow. 

Crests: An eagle displayed sa., armed and 
wings tipped or, a crossbow erect in front of two 
swords in saltire ppr., pommels and hilts or. 

Motto : ** Avi numerantur avorum.** 

LINEAGE. 

The CameSy possessors of Ewenny Abbey, by 
purchase at the dissolution, passed into the Turber- 
vills by m. of the heiress with Edward Turbervill, 
Esq., of Suttum, whose son, Richard Turbervill, 
Esq., Sheriff of Glam. 1740, and M.P. for same 
CO. 1767, d, s. /., and settled his estates upon 
his 2nd wife {n(e Herbert, heiress of Cilybebyll) 
during her lifetime, and afterwards upon — 

Richud Turbervill Picton, Esq. (eldest brother 
of General Sir Thomas Picton), son of his sistec*s 
dau. (that sister being a dau. of Edward Turber- 
vill by the heiress of Watkin Lougher, Esq., of 



Tythegston ; and that daughter being her only 
surviving child by her second husband, Edward 
Powell, Esq., of Llandough), wife of Thomas 
Picton, Esq., of Poyston, co. of Pembroke. Mr. 
Picton now assumed the surname Turbervill ; High 
Sheriff of the co. of Glam. 1804 ; m. Margaret, 
dau. and co.-h. of the Rev. Gervase Powell, LL.B., 
of Llanharan (see Porwell of Llanharati), by whom 
he had Richard, his heir, Gervase, and Elizabeth. 

Richard Turbervill, Esq., of Ewenny Abbey; 
Capt. in Glam. Militia ; Sheriff of the co. of 
Glam. 1833 ; J. P. and D. L. of the same co. ; d, 
s. /., and was s. by his brother, — 

Gervase P. Turbervill, Lieut. -Col. in the army ; 
J. P. and D. L., and Sheriff (1851), for the co. of 
Glamorgan ; he married twice, his 2nd wife being 
Sarah Anne, dau. of George Warry, Esq. He d, 
s. p. 1 86 1, and his estates went partly to his 
widow, and partly to his sister, Miss Elizabeth 
Turbervill of Comtown Court, near Bridgend. 

Thomas Picton Turbervill, Esq. (as above), 
s. in 1867. 

Note. — For the history of Ewenny Abbey and 
Priory see Ewenny Abbey, and for further genea- 
logical details see Turbervill of Tythegston ; Turbervill 
ofCoity Castle; Carne of E^oenny ; Nicholl-Carne of 
St. Donates, &c. 



TYLER, Colonel George Henry, of Cottrell, 
Qlamorganshlre. 

Lieut. -Colonel in the army, and served in 
the Crimean war and in India \ eldest son 
of the late Sir George Tyler, Kt. and Vice- 
Admiral, of Cottrell (J. P. and D. L. of co. 
of Glamorgan, M.P. for the same co. 
1851-7), by Harriet Margaret, dau. of the 
Rt. Hon. John Sullivan, of Richings, Berks. 
Lady Tyler now resides at Cottrell. Col. 
Tjler was b. 1824, and s. 1862 ; has brothers 
in the army ; his second surviving brother 
is Gwinnett Tyler, Esq., of Gemos, in the 
CO. of Cardigan, J. P. and D. L. for that 
CO.; m.^ 1852, Judith, dau. and h. of the 
late Major Parry of Gemos, and has issue. 

Residence : Cottrell, near Cardiff. 

Arms : Sa. , on a fesse wavy or, between three 
tigers passant guardant, a cross patt^e of the first 
between two crescents gu. ; in centre chief a medal 
or (presented to Sir Charles Tyler for service at 
Trafalgar). 

Crest : A tiger salient guardant, naval ly crowned 
or, holding in dexter paw the French tricolor 
depressed and reversed. 

Note. — Cottrell, beautifully situated on rising ground 
near the high road from Cardiff to Cowbridge is locally 
celebrated as the home of Rees Meyrick, author of the 
Morgania Archaographia (1578)'. See Meyrick of 
Cottrell, 

TTLEE, Eev. Eoper Trevor, of IlantrithycL 
Qlamorgaimire. 

M.A., Rector of Llantrithyd, Glamorgan, 
and Vicar of Monachlog-ddu, Pembroke- 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGAI^SHIRE. 



187 



Ml flbire ; has been Rural Dean 34 years ; 
i| IbnneTly Domestic Chaplain to King 
P William IV., when Duke of Clarence; 
J J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan ; second 
^ 40a of the late Admiral Sir Charles Tyler, 

SG.C.B., of Cottrell, G lam organ sliiie ; d. at 
Pembroke, 1801; ed. at Westminster 
k Scihool, and University College, Oxford ; 
? ^raJ. B.A. 18J3, M.A. 1837; w,, August 
^ g, 1838, Isabel, 4th daughter of John 
i Kruce Pryce, Esq., of Dyffryn, Glam. ; s. to 
I ' the Mount Alyn estate, Denbighshire, 
' 184IS ; has issue 3 sons and 6 daughters. 

/£»■; Eldest son, Trevor Brace Tyler, of (he 
Roval Hoise Artillery, i. 1S41. 

Ettidetat: Llantrithyd, near Cowbridge. 

Amu: Sa., on a fesse wavy or, between 3 
tigers passant guardant, a cross pat(^ of the first 
betw. two crescEnis gu,, in centre chief a medal 
inscribed "Trafalgar." (See Tyltr 0/ Ciatrdl.) 

Crat : A tiger salient guardantnavatly crowned 
or, holding m dexter paw a French tricolor 
depressed and reversed. 

Mette : "My king and country.'' 



The Tylers derive paternally from the Dacre 
and Teynham families, maternally from the 
Leacbes of Corston and Aliens of Creselly, Pern* 
brokeshire. 



ITNTE, Cbarles John Eemeys-, Esq., of Keren 
Mall;, Qlamorganelure. 

J. P. and D. L. for cos. of Glamorgan, 
Monmouth, and Somerset ; F.R.S. ; was 
M.P.forWest Somerset 1833^ i837,andfor 
Bridgewater 1847^1865; only son of the late 
Colonel Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, 
of Keven Mably, and of llalsewell, Somer- 
set, J. P. and D. L., F.A.S.; b. 1800; m., 
first, 1831, Elisabeth, dau. and co-h. with 
her sisters, Mrs. Bagot and Lady Filking- 
ton, of the late Thomas Swinnerton, Esq., 
of Butterton Hall, co. of Stafford, and by 
her, who d. 1838, had issue surviving — 

Charles Kemeys Tynte, Esq., b. 182a. 

Secondly, 1841, Vincentia, dau. of the 
Lite W. Brabazon, Esq., of Rath House, co. 
Louth, and has had issue 6 sons and 1 
dau., Vincentia Margaret Anne Kemeys. 

H^ ; Cbarles Kemeys. 

Rtsidtntis: Keven Mably, near Cardiff ; 
Halsewell House, Somerset. 

Tavm Addrtss: United Service Club. 

Amtt: The arms of Sir Charles Kemeys, of 
Kevcn Mably, fieured and described in the 
Prvgrrst of the Duke of Beaufort (who visited the 
olace in 1684), and "often repeated in Keven 
Hably" (we presume in the windows, on the 
mantelpieces, &c.), were — " Vert, an a tktvnm 
3rg. lira bai^td amvi-headi {fhtont) la., im- 



paling those of his wife, dau. of Lord WhartOR,— 
Sa., amauncA arg. on a terdurt or,an orU 0/ lietu' 
etnas eroJfd in lal/irt gu." These still continue 
in the Kemeys Tynte coat, having quartered with 
them the Tynte of Halsewell insgnia, viz., Gti., 
ti lien amchant between six tress eressUts org.; 
adding in a second grand quarter, " az., two bars 
wavy arg., over all a bend gu.," and in a fourth 
the arms of Lupus, Elarl of Chester. 

The two families of Keams and T^rnie were 
united by the marriage, at the bcginnmg Oi' the 
eighicenth century, of Sir John Tynte, second 
Bart, of Halsewell, Spmerset, with Jane, dau. and 
h, of Sir Charles Kemeys, second Bart, of Keven 
Mably, t/bad. 1701. 

Of the early period of the Kemeys family the 
accounts are somewhat confused, but it is generally 
agreed that their origin was Norman. They rose 
to prominence at the period of the conquest of 
Gwcnt and Glamorgan. The original form of the 
name is nnceitain, uthough it is said to be Camois 
or Camys, identical with Camois in the Roll of 
Battle Abbey. That a branch settled in Pembroke- 
shire, and gave the name to the lordship of Cemmet 
in that county, is a mistake (see Barony 0/ Cemmais) . 
They were known as " Kemeys of Began " as early 
as the thirteenth century. David, grandson of 
Jenlan Kemrys of Began, settled at Keven Mablv 
cirta 1450, by marriage with the heiress Sibyl, 
dau. of Evan ap Llewelyn. His successors al 
Keven Mably intermarried with chief Welsh fami- 
lies of Gwent and Glamorgan, such as Gwyn of 
Sengbenydd, Morgan of Machen (the Tred^ar 
aept). His gr, gr. grandson,— 

Edward Kemeys, Esq., of Keven Mably, was 
Sherilf of co. Glamorgan in 1575 ; and the fourth 
possessor after him,— 

Sir Nicholas Kemeys, Sheriff of Glamorgan in 
1638, was cr. a baronet by Charles I in 1642. Hi* 

Sir Charles Kemeys, second Bart, above 
mentioned, whose dau. Jane, sole heiress after the 
death J./, of her brother. Sir Charles, third Bart., 



Sir Charles Kemeys Tynte, who d. s. p., and 
was succeedsi by a son of bis sister Jane, who had 
m. Colonel Johnstone of the Foot Guards, Comp- 
troller of the Household to George, Prince of Wale* 
(George IV.). He assumed the name Kemeyt 
Tynte, and was succeeded by his son,— 

Charles Kemeys Kemevs-Tynte, Esq., of Halse- 
well and Keven Mably, k 1779 1 m. Anne, dan. 
of Rev. T. Leyson, arid had with other issue one 



TIVIAN, Arthur Faudarres, Eeq., of aianafon, 
pljim myinHhiifL 

M.F. for the western division of the co. of 
Comwail ; Deputy Warden of the Stan- 
naries of Devon and Cornwall ; J. P. and 
D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan; and 
Lt.-Col. 1st Adm. Batt. Glamorgan Rifle 



i88 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



Volunteers; 3rd son of late John Henry 
Vivian, Esq., F.R.S., many years M.P. for 
Swansea, and brother of the first Baron 
Vivian; b. in London, 4th of June, 1834 ; 
ed. at Eton, the Mining Academy of 
Freiburg in Saxony, and Trin. Coll., Cam- 
bridge; w., 4th March, 1867, Lady 
Augusta Emily, dau. of the 3rd Earl of 
Dunraven ; has issue two sons, — 

1. Henry Windham. 

2. Gerald William. 

Heir: Henry Windham, b. 3rd Feb., 1868. 

Residence: Glanafon, Taibach, South Wales. 

Town Address : 19, James Street, Buckingham 
Gate, S.W. 

Arms : Or, on a chevron azure, between three 
lions' heads erased ppr., three annulets or, &c 
{Vide Baron Pivian, and Vivian^ Park IVem.) 

Motto : Vive revicturus. 

LINEAGE. 

See Vivian oj Singleton ; Vivian of Park Wem ; 
and Baron Vivian of Glynn, 



YIVLSlN, Henry Hnssey, Esq., of Park Wem, 
eiamorgansMre. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
Lieut-Col. of 4th Glamorganshire Rifle 
Volunteers; was M.P. for Truro 1852 — 
i857,and has been M.P. for Glamorganshire 
from 1857 to the present time; eldest son 
of the late John Henry Vivian, Esq., M.P., 
F.R.S., of Singleton, Swansea, by Sarah, dau. 
of Arthur Jones, Esq.; ^.at Singleton, Swan- 
sea, July 6, 1821 ; ed, at Eton, and Trinity 
College, Cambridge ; m,^ ist,*i847, Jessie 
Dalrymple, d, Feb., 1848, dau. of Ambrose 
Goddard, Esq., of The Lawn, Swindon ; 
2ndly, 1852, Caroline Elizabeth, only dau. 
of Sir Montague J. Cholmely, Bart., M.P., 
of Easton Hall, Grantham, d, 25th Jan., 
1868; 3rdly, Nov. 3, 1870, Averil, dau. of 
Capt. Richard Beaumont, R.N. ; s, on 
death of his father in 1855; has issue one 
son, Ernest Ambrose^ by first marriage; 
one son, John Aubrey, by second marriage; 
a dau., Violet Averil Margaret, b, 3rd Dec, 
1 87 1, by third marriage; patron of the 
living of Sketty. 

Residence : Park Wem, Swansea. 

Taivn Address : 7, Belgrave Square. 

■Arms : Or, on a chevron azure, between three 
lions* heads erased proper, as many annulets of 
the field ; on a chief embattled, gules, a wreath 
of oak between two martlets. 

Crest : Issuant from an arch between two 
towers, a demi-hussar, holding in left hand a 
pennon, in right a sabre. 

Motto : Vive revicturus (see Lord Vivian, in 
Peerage of England). 



LINEAGE. 

This family is of the same descent as that of 
Baron Vivian of Glynn, Cornwall. The late J. H. 
Vivian, F.R.S., of Singleton, was brother of Sir 
Richard Hussey Vivian, Bart, of Glynn, created 
Baron of Glynn, near Truro, Cornwall, 1841* a 
Baronet 1828 ; who served with great distinc- 
tion under Wellington in the actions of Orthez, 
Waterloo, &c. 

JVote. — ParJkoem is a modem elegant mansion in 
the beautiful neighbourhood of Sketty, near Swansea. 
Singleton (in the same neighbourhood), to ivhich Mr. 
H. H. Vivian is heir, erected about forty years ago^ 
stands in an extensive park. 

VIVIAN, Villiam eraham, Esq., of dyne 
Castle, Gflamorganshire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamoi^gan ; 
High Sheriff in 1866 ; second son of the 
late J. H. Vivian, Esq., F.R.S., of jingle- 
ton, who was the first, and continued for 
twenty-three years, M.P. for Swansea ; and 
nephew of the late Lord Vivian, of Glynn, 
Cornwall (d, 1855), by Sarah, dau. of 
Arthur Jones, Esq.; b, November 25, 
1827; ed. at Eton College. 

Residence: Clyne Castle, near Swansea. 

Tatvn Address : 7, Belgrave Square. 

Arms: Or, on a chevron azure, between 
three lions' heads erased ppr., three annulets. 
{Vid. Baron Vivian, and Vivian of Park tVem,^ 

Motto: Vive revicturus. 

LINEAGE. 
For lineage see Vivian of Park fVern, 

Note. — Clyne Castle is an old stone castellated house, 
recently much added to, containing a fine hall and 
extensive reception-rooms, situated on a hill-side, and 
commanding a magnificent sea view, with Clyed 
Wood, 250 acres, immediately adjoining the house. 

WALTER, James, Esq., of F^one, Blamorgaa- 
sliire. 

J. P. of the borough of Swansea and of 
the CO. of Glamorgan; son of the late 
Thomas Walter, Esq., of Swansea ; ^. at ' 
Swansea ; was owner of iron-works and 
collieries; proprietor of the Ffynone 
estate, Swansea; is unm. 

Residence: Penlan, near Swansea. 
Arms: Or, a lion rampant sa., thrust through 
the body with two swords in saltire ppr. 
Crest: A dove with an olive branch ppr. 

Note. — The ancestors of this faftiily, as may be seen 
from notices of them in Francis's Cower, had been 
long settled in that part of Glamorgan. 

WILLIAMS, Ghajrles Hemj, Esq., of Boath 
Court, Glamorgansliire. 

J. P. of the CO. of Glamorgan ; Capt. ist 
Glam. Light Horse Volunteers ; son of the 



THE COUNTY FAMILIES OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



189 



late Charles Crofts Williams, Esq., of Roath 
Court; b. 1837 ; ed, at Rugby School, and 
Magd. Coll., Cambridge; w., 1865, Mil- 
licent Frances, dau. of Robert Herring, 
Esq., of Cromer, Norfolk ; has issue 2 
sons and 2 daus. 

Residence s Roath Court, Cardiff. 

Town Address : Wyndham Club. 

Arms : Quarterly, per fesse indented : 1st and 
4th, ai^., a lion passant guardant ; 2nd and 3rd, 
az. , a fleur-de-lis arg. 

Cresi : An embowed arm in armour grasping a 
sword. 

Afo^o : Esse quam videri. 

WnUAHS, Evan, Esq., of Dyflryn ITrwd, 
Qlamorganshire. 

J. P. and D. L. for the co. of Glamorgan ; 
Sheriflffor thesameco. 1857 (^^^ S/uriffs)\ 
eldest son of the late Henry Williams, 
Esq., of Dyffryn Ffrwd ; b. 1800 ; w., 1834, 
Charlotte, dau. of William Thomas, Esq., 
of Cefnllogell, Mon., and has issue a son, 
Evan Thomas. 

Heir : Evan Thomas, 6, 1841 ; J. P. for co. 
of Glamorgan ; is m. 

Residence : Dyflfryn Ffirwd, near Cardiff. 

Arms : Quarterly : 1st and 4th, vert, a chevron 
between three cockatrices* heads erased or — 
Williams ; 2nd and 3rd, sa., a lion rampant aig. 
—Lewis. 

Crest : A cockatrice's head, as in arms. 

LINEAGE. 

Thomas ap Evan of Eglwysilan, who d, 161 2, 
son of Evan ap Meuric {d. 1572), had a son, — 

Evan ap Thomas {d, 1 581, d. 1666), who m. 
Catherine, dau. of Edward Lewis, Esq., of Llani- 
shen, and had with other children — 

Thomas ap Evan of Eglwysilan, b. 161 5; m. 
Eleanor, dau. of Morgan Jones, D.D., of Framp- 
ton, CO. of Glamorgan. He was succeeded by lus 
eldest son, — 

Thomas Thomas (or Thomas, son of Thomas), 
b. 1636 ; m. Catherine, eldest dau. of Edward 
Watkin, and had a son, — 

Evan Thomas, Esq., of Dyffrjm Ffrwd, in 
Eglwysilan, the first named as of Dyfifrvn Ffrwd ; 
m, Jane, dau. of Philip ap Edward Herbert, by 
whom, with other issue, he had — 

Evan Thomas, Esq., m, Ann, dau. of William 
Gibbon, of Pen-Craig-vatha, b, 1702 They bad 
no surviving male issue, and only one dau., — 

Mary Thomas, h. of Dyffryn Ffrwd (p. 1721, 
d. 1814); m. Morgan Williams, Esq., of Pcndwy- 
lon (^. 1785) ; had issue Morgan, Thomas, and 
Henry, The survivor, — 

Henry Williams^ Esq., s, to Dyffryn Ffrwd, and 
had a son, — 

Evan Williams, Esq., the present owner, as 
above. 

WILLIAXS, ewilym, Esq., of Miflkin Kanor, 
eiamorganshire. 

Stipendiary Magistrate for the Pontypridd 
District 1872 ; for several years J. P. 



for the CO. of Glamorgan; a Barrister 
called to the Bar at the Middle Temple 
186- ; eldest and only surviving son of 
the late David Williams, Esq., of Ynys- 
cynon, co. of Glamorgan; b, 183-; m, 
Emily Williams, dau. of the late William 
Williams, Esq., of Aberpergwm, a well- 
known and ancient Welsh family, seated 
at Aberpergwm about 300 years (see 
Williams of Aberpergwm\ and has issue ; 
s, to the estate of Miskin, &c., obtained 
by purchase, on the demise of his father, 
1856. ( See Miskin^ Lordship of) 

Residence : Miskin Manor, near Pontypridd. 
Town Address : The Middle Temple. 
Crest : A goat's head erased. 
Motto : Lkfur orfu bobpeth. 

WILLIAMS, Morgan Stuart, Esq., of Aberper- 
gwm, Glmorganshire. 

J. P. for the CO. of Glamorgan; eldest 
surviving son of the late William Williams, 
Esq., of Aberpergwm {d, 1855), J. F. for 
the CO. of Glamorgan, and Sheriff for same 
CO. in 1830, by Matilda, dau. and h. of 
Thomas Smith, Esq., of Castellau, co. of 
Glamorgan ; b. 1846 ; is unm. 

Residence : Abcrpeigwm, near Neath. 

Amu : Quarterly : ist and 4th, sa., three fleurs- 
de-lis arg. — EiNiON AP CoLLWYN; 2nd and srd, 
or, three chevrons arg.— Iestyn ap Gwrgant. 

Crest : The holy lamb smd flag. 

Motto : Y ddioddefws i orfu : " Suffered that he 
might conquer." 

LINEAGE. 

The family of Aberpergwm is as well known in 
Wales for its honourable and ancient standing as 
for its warm and unafliected patriotism. Aberper- 
gwm, in the Vale of Neath, has been 'its seat for 
seven or eight generations, i.e., since Jenkin ap 
William ap Jenkin ap Hopkin of Blaen-Baglan, a 
descendant in direct line (through Evan ap Leyson, 
Lord of Baglan) of Iestyn ap Gwrgant, by Caradoc, 
his eldest son, settled at that place circa 1560. 

Jenkin ap William, of Blaen-Baglan, m. Angha- 
rad, dau. of Llewelyn ap Gwilym of Garreg-fawr, 
and granddau. of John ap Rhys of Glyn Nedd (of 
whom see note below), and was succeeded by his 
eldest son, — ^ 

William ap Jenkin, of Glyn NMd or Aberper^ 
gwm, m. to his second mfe, Mary, dau. of Leyson 
Price (or Ap Rhys), Esq., of Briton Ferry, being 
widow of Matthew Penry, gent., of Llanedi, and 
by her had with other issue — 

Leyson Williams, Esq., his successor at Aber- 
pergwm (living 1638). He w., first, Anne, dau. 
of Thomas Bassett, Esq., of Miskin, and widow of 
John Llewelyn Williams, Esq., of Ynysygcrwn, 
who d, s. p.; secondly, Mary, dau. of Willian 
Bassett, Esq., of Beaupre, by whom he had a 
son, — 

George Williams, Esq., of Aberpergwm (living 
1665). From him descended — 

Rees Williams, Esq., of Aberpergwm, who had 
three sons, William. Rees. and Thomas, clerk. 



GLAMORGANSHIRE. 



WIDiiun Williams, Esq., late cf Abeipergwm, 
whose lealous culture of ihe Cymiic tongue and 
atiachment to the hbtory and traditions of bis 
country are known to all, spent seventeen years of 
his earlier manhood in foreign travel, and during 
that time attained a considerable knowledge of 
Continental languages. Alter his return he m., 
1837, Matilda, ^u. and h. of Col. Thomas Smith, 
of CastellBU, near Pontypridd, and had issue faxu- 
sons and two daus. The sons were Rhys, Lleision, 
Morgan Stuart, and George, all old family names. 
Mr. Williams d. in 1855, and was buried at the 
church of Abeiperewm. The two elder ions 
having d, i. p., the third son, — 

MoRCAN Stuart Williams, has succeeded to 
Aberpei^m (as above). 
Null. — For a view of Aberpergiom see page 17. 
John ap RAyt, of Glyn-n£dd— the older name of the 



gwm, was a mjui of ma.rk in his day, kept a hospitable 
house, and was a friend of the " lards." We know 
this from a poem addressed to him, in the usual 
bardic style of boundless ea!i^, by the best historic 
poet Wales possesses— /nu> Gljm CalAi (fifteenth 
centuty). He gives the festive board of Aberpergwm 
the next place to that of Arthur's palace ; the language 
spoken there was the ancient speech of the Britons 
("heniailh y Brytaniaid ") ; John ap Rhys was chief 
of the gentry from Gower to Mary's church and to 
North Wales ; the bard wished for himself cold and 
sickness if John ap Rhys was not Ihe dearest of the 
sons of Japhet("osoeseihof&ch o waed Siaphedd ") ; 
his fame equalled that of Seth, of three quarters of the 
globe, even of the land of Israel, and of " the three 
bountiful ones," &c. ; he is not excelled in peace, ski 
(his wife, "of the seed of WatkiuLlwyd," of Brecon) 
in the bottomless abundance of her mead ("eigion 
medd ") j he knew not Iheir like ; the succour of 
Mary (and several saints) be to Elizabeth, and that of 
the angels to Non of Glyn Nedd, &c. TTie annotator 
of the poem remarks, " The same language which was 
spoken St Aberpergwm in the middle of the (iAeenth 
century is stUl (1S57) not only ipoken there, but 
cultivated." 

The country between the rivers Neath (NMd) and 
Avan, the stream which joins the sea at AberavoD, 
belonged lo the lordship of Avan. which was pos- 
sessed after the Fitihamon conquest by Caradoc, 
eldest son of lestyn ap Gwrgant, and his successors, 
in whose lineage, as already shown, was the house of 
Aberpergwm, whose patrimony eitended along both 
banks of the river NMd. 

WILUAKS, The Very Eer. Thomas, the 
Deanerj, LlftiKJatf, QlamorgaasMre. 
Dean of Llandaff 1857; Archdeacon of 
Llandaff 1843 — 1857; £jcamiiiiag Chap- 



tain to late and present Kshop of LJandiff; 
Author of " Letter to the Bishop of LIta> 
das' on the Condidon and Want^ of the 
Diocese," various Sermons and Chaigcs, 
&c. ; eldest son of the late Robert Wl- 
liams, Esq., of Aberbran, Breconshke ; ii 
Patron of the Priory Church of St- John's, 
Brecon; ^. at Monmouth, August 10, rSor; 
ed. at Shrewsbury School, and Oriel C<ril., 
Oxford; grad. ist class Lit. Hum. BA. 
1833, M.A. 1825; m., 1838, Elizabeth, 
dau. of Archdeacon Davies, M.A., of 
Brecon ; has issue 4 sons and 3 daus. living. 

Hiir : Rev. Gamons Williains, of Abercaoi' 
lais, Brecon. 

Rtsidetui : The Deanery, I.1»tiH«w; 

Arms : Arg., a chevron gu. betweeo Oatt 
bulls' heads sa. (quartering Potrji of LJW7D' 
cyntelio , Gament, and DaiHtiX . 

CrM: AbuU'shead. 

AfMa ! Fide e( amore. 

LINEAGK. 

This Gunily derives its descent from Sir TlioaMi 
Bullen, one of Bemaid Newmarch's kniehta. The 
pedigree and descent of Aberbrin, witEoat alien- 
ation, from the time of Edward IIl^ may be seen 
in Jones's Niit. of Brecemhiri, ti., "joi. See alio 
Williams of Abereamlaa. 

VOOD, Edward Rolert, Esq., of BtonthaU. Ola- 
morg&nshire. 
J. P, and D. L. for the CO. of Glamoigan ; 
Sheriff for same co. 1861; Lieut-CoL 
of Royal Glam. Inf. Militia, and fonnoiy 
an officer in the aimy; son of the late 
John Wood, Esq., of Cardiff; m. Maiy, 
dau. and h. of the late Col. J. Nicholas 
Lucas, of Stouthall, by whom he has had 
several daus. 



Note. — John Lucas of Stouthall m. Catherine, daa. 
of William Powell, Esq., of Glanareth, Llanndock, 
Carm., by his wife Catherine, dau. of John Bowen, 
Esq., of Guirey, Carm. W. Powell was murdered in 
his own house, and thereupon followed a celebrated 
trial at Hereford which resulted in the execution of 
Waller Evan and David Llewelyn, 30th March, 1770, 
William Williams, the principal, had succei^iillj 
made his escape lo France. 




ISrmi of ffilamorgan, \iik- 



ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 



Parliamentary Electiotty 1874^ 
County, 

C. R. Mansel Talbot, Esq., of Margam, Votes 4,040 

H. Hussey Vivian, Esq., of Parkwem „ 4,100 

Opposed by Sir Ivor Bertie Gutst, Bart. „ 3, 353 

Cardiff and Contributory Borongks, 

Col. J. F. D. Crichton-Stuart Votes 2,780 

Opposed by Hardinge S, Giffard^ Q,C. „ 7,771 

Swansea and Contributory Boroughs, 

Lewis Llewelyn Dillwyn, Esq. ... Votes $t2l5 

Opposed by Charles Bath^ Esq, ... ,» 3»7o8 

Merthyr Tydfil District, 

Richard FothergUl, Esq Votes 7,608 

Henry Richard, Esq n 7»^^ 

Opposed by T, Halliday „ 4,912 

High Sheriffs, 
Francis Edmund Stacey, Esq., of Llandough 1873 



John Whitlock Nicholl-Came, Esq., of St. 
Donates Castle 

General, 



1874 



Basset, W. West J., Esq. (p. 162) d, 1872. 

Bruce, Right Hon. H. A. (p. 165), created Baron 

Aberdare, of Dyffryn, Aberdare, 1873. 
Daries, Rees Edward, Esq. (p. 167), d, 1873. 
Dawkin of Kilrrough (p. 116), Mr. Mansel R. 

Dawkin, now living, represents the junior branch. 
Fisher, S. S. H. of Llwyn Derw (p. 169). The 

surname should be, Horman-Fisher. 
Knight, Rev. Edward D. (p. 175), d, 1872. 
Pryce, John Bruce, Esq. (p. 180), d, 1873. 
Richards, E. M., Esq. (p. 181), lost his seat for 

Cardiganshire, 1874. 
Richardson, James C, Esq. (p. 181), d, 1874. 
Williams, Morgan S. (p. 197), w., 12nd July, 1873, 

Miss Herbert, dau. of William Herbert, Esq., of 

Clytha House, Mon. 



Page 39. 

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••Henry" „ ••Oliver." 
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INDEX. 



Aberdare, valley of, and works, 15. 
Aberpergwm, w'lih. engraving, 17, 1 89. 
Alfred, King, protector of Wales, 27. 
Anglo-Saxon Chrgnicle, 30, 34, 35, 41. 
Annales Cambriae^ 27, 30, 35, 46, 47, 48. 
Antiquities of Glamorgan, 48 — 06. 
Arthur, and the Round Table, 25. 
Arthur's Stone, with engraving, 49. 
Asser, refers to Glamorgan, 27. 

Barones Minores of Glamorgan, 98 — 108. 

Basset of Beaupre, 162. 

Basset of Bonvilston, 162. 

Bath of Ffynone House, 163. 

Beauchamps, Lords of Glamorgan, 96. 

Beaufort Progress^ the, quoted, 60. 

Beaupre, Ba^t of, 7, 70^ 162. 

Beaupre Castle, 70. 

BerkroUes of St. Athan's, loa 

Bevan of Fosbury, 163. 

Biddulph of Swansea, 164. 

Bbhops of LkmdafT, list of, 154. 

" Black Country," of Glamorgan, 15. 

Blosse of Newcastle House, 164. 

Booker of Velindre, 165. 

** Book of Aberpcrgwm," 31, 32. 

Bone caves of Gower, 50. 

Bonville of Bonvilston, 115. 

Bovium, Roman station of (Boverton), 26. 

" Britain,'' meaning of^ in old Welsh writers, 30. 

Bro Essyllt, 27. 

Brogden of Coytrehen, 165. 

Bremen of Tondu, 165. 

Bruce of Dyffryn, 165. 

" Brut y Tywysogion," 5, 27, 28, 32, 33, 35, 37, 39, 

67, 71. 
Bute, Marquess of, 161. 
Butler of Dunraven, ill. 

Caerau, Tibia amnis of the Romans, 26. 

Caerphilly Castle, with engravings, 75 — 80. 

Caractacus, 25, 66. 

Caradoc of LJancarvan, 5, 71. 

Cardiff Castle, with engravings, 3 — 5, 81 — 85. 

Cardiff, town, docks, population, 3. 

Cardiff Priories, 85. 

Came, of Nash and Eweimy, 112. 

Came, Nicholl, of St. Donat's, 166. 

Castell Coch, with engraving, 74. 

Clark of Dowlais House, 67. 

Clark, G. T., Esq., cited, loi, 103. 

Coal-basin of Glamorgan, 24. 

Coal-field of South Wales, 23. 

Coal, undiscovered, in vale of Glamorgan, 23. 

Coity Castle, with engraving, 62. 

Copper-smelting at Swansea, 87. 

Copper-smoke, condensed, 89. 

torbett of Cog^ Pill, 167. 



Cottrell, Tylers of, 5, 186. 
Cradock of^Cheriton, 118. 
Cradock of Long Ash, 128. 
Cradock of Swansea, 117. 
Crawshay of Cyfarthfa Castle, 167. 
Crime in Glamorgan, 90. 
Cromlech of St. Nicholas, 71. 
Cromwell family, the, 131. 
Curthose Tower, Caitliff Castle, 83. 
Cyfarthfa Castle, with engraving, 16. 

Dafydd ap Gwilym, 80. 

Danes in Glamorgan, 27, 52. 

Davis of Maesyffynon, 160. 

Davies of Gwaelod-y-garth, 167. 

Dawkin of Kilvrough, 116. 

De Breos family, the, 98. 

De Cardiff of Cardiff, 114. 

De Clares, the. Lords of Glamorgan, 94. 

De Granvilles, the, 99. 

Dehcubarth, meaning of, 27, 24. 

De Londres, the, 99. 

Despencer family, the, 77, 80, 95. 

Dillwyn of Heudrefoilan, 168. 

Dodridge, Sir John, on the Marches of Wales, 35, 58. 

Dunawd (S. Donatus), 7, 66. 

Dunraven Castle, 8, 29, 66, iii. 

Dunraven, Lord, of Dunraven, 8, 168. 

Dyfrig (Diibricius), 72. 

Eaglesbush, 17. 

Earls of Glamorgan, 43, 93—98. 

Edwards, •* the bridge-builder," 14 

Einion ap Cadivor ap Collwyn, 7, 32, 37. 

Elystan Glodrodd, 137. 

** Englishry" of Glamorgan, 38, 47. 

Eryri (Snowdon), etymology of word, 52. 

Essyllt, Legend of, 25. 

Essyllwg, Essyllwyr, 25. 

Evans of Gnoll, 127. 

Ewenny Abbey, 8, 65. 

Exietttat, or Returns, 4a 

Feudal government in Glamorgan, 39 — ^42, 44, 

Fisher of Llvryn-derw, 169, 

Fitzhamon, Robert, conqueror of Glamorgan, 30— 

36, 39, 93- 
Fitzhamon's ** twelve knights, 36. 

Fleming, Le, of Flemingston, 105. 

Fleming of St. George, &c., 105. 

Flemings, supposed, of Gower, 47. 

Florence of Worcester, 35. 

Fothergill of Abernant House, 169. 

Fowler of Gnoll, 169. 

Fowler, J. C, Esq., on crime in Glamorgan, 9a 

Foxwist, William, 147, 152. 

Francis, CoL G. Grant, F.S.A., 19, 57, 87. 

Francis of Cae- Bailey, 170. 

Franklen of Clementston, 170. 



INDEX. 



*93 



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99 

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Carnage of Coity Castle, &c., 64, 108 — III. 

Geology of Clamorgan, 21. 

Gerstenhdfer, the chemist, 89. 

Cibbon of Trecastle, 125. 

Ciraldus Cambrensis cited, 30, 31, 36, 43, 73. 

" Clamorgan and Morganok," 4^. 

Glamotgal, the name. I. 27. 

ancient limits and divisions of, 137. 

smcient manors of, 133. 

antiquities of, 48—86. 

described, I — 20. 

families, British, 117. 
„ Norman, 93. 

geology and mineralogy of, 21. 

government of, under Normans, 39. 

history of, 24 — ^48. 

industry and crime in, 86, 90. 

Lords-Lieutenant of, 154. 

magistrates of, 156. 

Norman conquest of, 30^39. 

old and extinct families of^ 92—132. 

parliamentary annals of, 146 — 154. 

population and extent of, i. 

rivers and watersheds of, 2. 

sheriflfs and under-sheriffs of, 139 — 146. 

the district of "the hills," 3, 15. 

" vale " of, and its mansions, 5 — 9. 
Glewysig, 27. 

Cower, Bp. of St. David's, 55. 
Cower, district of, 19. 
Cower, etymology of name, 48. 
Cower, lordship of, 45. 
Cower, Flemish settlers in, 47. 
Cower, peninsula of, 19. 
Cranvil, de, of Neath, 57. 
Crenfell of Maesteg House, 170. 
Crifiith of Merthvr, 171. 
Griffiths of Neath, 171. 
Cwent and Cwentllwg, 25. 
Cwrgant, King of Clamorgan, 29. 
Cwyn of Dyffiryn, 171, 

Hall, Benjamin, Esq., of Hensol, 13. 

Hall, Dr., of Hensol, 6. 

Harleian MSS. quoted, 44. 

Havren, legend of, 2$. 

Hensol Castle, with an engraving, 6. 

Herberts, Lonls of Glamorgan, 98. 

Hill of Rookwood, 172. 

*• Hills," the, district of Glamorgan, 3, 1$. 

" Hir^'aun Wigan," 29. 

History of Glamorgan, 24 — 48. 

Homfray of Penlline Castle, 172. 

Humfreville of Penmark, 100. 

lestyn ap Cwrgant, 30, et passim. 

Iltutus, St., cross ot, 67, 69. 

lUtyd, St., 7, 69. 

" Infangc-thief," 46, 

lolo Moiganwg, 25, 69. 

lolo MSS., 64» 

Iron ore district of Glamorgan, 22. 

Isca Silurum, 25, 29. 

Ithel Ddu, King of Clamorgan, 29. 

Ivor Bach, 43, 74, 82. 

Jenkins of Hensol, 6, 128. 
Jenkins of Walterston, 173. 
Johnys, Sir Hugh, 121. 

Jones, Col. Philip, 131, 148, 174. 
ones of Fonmon Castle, 1 73. 
"Jura Regalia " of the Lords Marchers, 38, 44, 46. 
Jurisdiction of the Lords Marchers, 38, 44. 



Kenfig, Ogham Stone of, 62. 

" King of London," Suzerain of Wales, 28. 

Kings of Glamorgan after Morgan Hdn, 29. 

Kings of Clamorgan, residence of, 29. 

Knight of Nottage Court, 175. 

Knight of Tythegston Court, 174. 

Lee of Rheola, 145. 
Le Sore of St. Pagan's, 107. 
Leucarum, Loughor, 55. 
Lewis Clyn Comi, quoted, 58. 
Lewis Morganwg, 56. 
Lewb of Greenmeadow, 1 75* 
Liber Llandavensis, 29. 
Llanblethian Castle, 7. 
Llancarvan, Caradoc of, 71. 
Llancarfan monastery, 71. 
Llandaff, Bishops of, 154. 
Llandaff Cathedral, with engravings, 9 — 13, 72. 
Llandaff, cross at, with engraving, 72. 
Llandaff, Oliphant, Bishop of, 155, 176. 
Llandaff, See of^ 72. 
Llandough Castle, 7. 
Llantrisant Castle, 69. 
Llantwit, Major, 7, 67. . 
Llantwit, ancient college of, 68. 
Llantwit, proposed modem college at, 68. 
** Llech y Filast " cromlech, 71. 
Llewellyn of Baglan Hall, 177. 
Llewellyn of Court Colman, 1 77. 
Llewellyn of Penlle'rgaer, 177. 
Llewelyn Bren, 77, 105, 
^ Llewelyn of Ynysygerwn, 177. 
Lloyd of Cilybebylt 177. 
Loniships, the twelve, of Glamorgan, 37. 
Lords of Glamorgan, 43, 93 — 98. 
Lords Marchers, m S. Wales, 34, 35. 
Loughor Castle, 55. 
Lou^her of Tythegston, 19. 
Lukis's researches, 49. 

Mackworth of GnoU, 127. 
" Maen Llythyroe," 86. 
" Maen dau lygaa jrr ych," 86. 
Malefant of St. George's, 116. 
Malkin, quoted, 53. 
Manors of Glamorgan, 133. 
Mansels of Penrice, Maigam, &c., 51, 59 — 62. 
Margam Abbey, with engravings, 59. 
Margam Abbey, Mansels of, tomte oi, 61. 
Mathew of Llandaff, &c, 120-21. 
Merthyr Tydfil, centre of "Black Country," 15. 
Meurig, King of Glamorgan, 72. 
Meyrick, Rees, his Morgania Archeogr,, 81, 130. 
Mining companies, early, in Clamorgan, 87.^ 
Miskin Manor, 6 
Morgan H^, 28. 
Morgan ** Mwynfawr," 27, 29.' 
Morgan of Ruperra Castle, 178. 
Morgan of St. Helen's, 178. 
MorUus Castle, 81. 
Morris of Sketty Park, 179. 
Mortimer of Gene'r-glyn, 38. 
Murchison, Sir Roderick, 22. 

" Myvyrian Archaiology ©f Wales" 71 — ^the division 
of Wales in, 138. 

Neath Abbey, with engravings, 55. 

Neath Castle, with engraving, 57. 

Neath, Vale of, 16. 

Neville, Richard, his wealth and splendour, 97. 

Nevilles, Lords of Glamorgan, 97. 

Newton Nottage, Knight of^ 65. 

Nicholas, St, cromlech of, 71. 



194 



INDEX. 






Nonnan conquest of Glamorgan, 30 —39. 
Nonnans, the, in Glamoigan, 3a 
Norman families in Glam., their total extinction, 92. 
Norris of Penlline, 115. 

"Ogham Stone" of KenEg, 26. 
Ogmore Castle, 64. 
Ordericus Vitalis, quoted, S4 
**Outfange-thief,"46. 
Oxwich Castle, 53. 
Oystermouth Castle, 54. 

Pantygwydir, with engravings 18. 

Pennitfd Castle, with engravings 53. 

Penrhys Family, the, 52. 

Penrhys monastery, 80. 

Penrice Castle, Mansel-Talbot of, 20, 52, 183. 

Penrice Castle, with engraving, 51. 

Penrice of Kilvrough, 180. 

Phillipps, Sir Thomas, Uie late, cited, 76 et passim, 

Penllme Castle, 7, 70. 

Perkin Warbeck, 117 

Pontypridd Bridge, with engraving, 14. 

Popkin of Ynystawe, 126. 

Population of Glamoigan, I, 2. 

Powell of Llanharan, &c., 130. 

Price of Gellihir, 131. 

Price of Penlle'rgaer, 126. 

Prichard of Crofta House, 180. 

Priories of Cardiff, 85. 

" Progress," Duke of Beaufort's, 60, 61 . 

Pryce of DyflBTn, 180. 

Radir, old mansion o( 13, 27, 29. 

Raglan of Camllwyd, 114. 

Rayle, De, of Wrinston, 11$. 

Rhjrs ap Tewdwr and Glamorgan, 30-2. 

Rhys, Dr. John David, 81. 

Ridiards of Brooklands, 181. 

Richardson of Glanrafon, 181. 

Richardson of Pant-y-Gwydir, 181. 

Robert Curthose, his imprisonment, 83. 

Robert of Gloucester, Lord of Glamoigan, 93. 

Romans, the, in Glamorgan, 25, 26. 

Rous of Court^rala, 182. 

Ro3ral Institution of South Wales, 19. 

Runis not the conqueror of Glamoigan, 32. 

Salmon of Penlline Court, 182. 

Samson, Archbishop of Dol, 69. 

Saxon period in Glamorgan, 26. 

Scurlage Castle, 55. 

Senghennydd (Caerphilly), 37, 69, 75—81. 

Severn, origin of name, 25. 

Scvs of Boverton, 123. 

Siiures, the, and the Romans, 25, 117. 

Smith of Gwemllwynwith, 182. 

Squire of Swansea, 183. 



St. Donat's Castle, with engravings 7, 66. 
St. John of Fonmon Castle, lOO. 
St. Quintin of Llanblethian, 106. 
Stradiings, the, of St. Donat's, loi. 
Swansea, and neighbourhood, 18. 
Swansea Castle, with engraving, 54. 
Swansea, copper-smelting at, 87. 
Swansea, early mining companies at, 87. 
Swansea, common seal of, 160. 
Swansea, mayors and portreeves of, 158. 
Swansea, Cromwell's charter to, 160. 
Syward of Talyfan, 107. 

Taff Vale, 9. ^ 

Talbot of Hensol, 6. j, 

Talbot, Mansel-, of Margam Pailt, 183. 

**TeiloandDewi,"28. ' 

Thomas of Court House, 184. 

Thomas of Danygraig, 29. 

Thomas of Llanbradach, 128. 

Thomas of Llanfihangel, 125. 

Thomas of Pwllywradi, 184. 

Thomas of Tregroes, 184. 

Thomas of Wenvoe Castle, 129. 

Tibia amnis (Caerau), Roman station, 26. 

"TiryBrenhin,"6s. 

Traheme, Mrs., of St. Hilary, 185. 

Traheme of St. Hilary, 1 8$. 

Turbervill of Ewenny Abbey, 186. 

Twelve knights, the, settlements of, 36. 

Tyler of Cottrell, 186. 

Tyler of Llantrithyd, 186. 

Tynte of Keven Mably, 187. 

Tythegstone Court, 9. 

University College for Wales, proposal, 68. 

** Vale of Glamorgan," 5, 9. 

Vale of Neath, 16. 

Vale of Taff, 9, 13. 

Valley of Abeidare, i $ . 

Van of Macross, 124. 

Via Julia, the, 65. 

Vivian of Clyn^ Castle, 188. 

Vivian of Glanafon, 187. . 

Vivian of Park Wem, 188. 

Walter of Ffynone, 188. 

Warwick the ** king- maker," 97. 

•* Welsherie " and ** Englisherie " In Glamorgan, 38. 

Westwood, on the "Ogham " alphabet, 62. 

William Rufus and Conquest of Glamorgan, 32, 34 

—36. 
William the Conqueror at St. David's, 33. 
Williams of Aberpergwm, 189. 
Williams of Dyfftyn Ffrwd, 189. 
Williams of Llandaff, 190. 
WiUiams of Miskin Manor, 189. 
Wood of Stouthall, 190. 






THE END. 



J. AND W. RIUBR, PRINTERS, LONDON. 



•